高寒草甸草原景观格局动态演变及其驱动机制

高寒草甸是高寒地区重要的生态屏障和畜牧业基地,脆弱的生态环境极易受到自然和人类活动的影响。为了探究高寒草甸景观格局变化及其驱动力,以多期遥感影像和统计数据为基础数据,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,在利用景观格局指数模型来分析研究区景观格局动态演变的基础上,运用Logistic回归模型从空间角度分析了研究区重要景观演变的驱动力。结果表明：（1）研究区植被覆盖面积所占比例始终维持在80%以上,各景观类型结构变化较为明显;（2）2000-2016年高寒草甸景观类型面积变化较大,其他草甸、旱地和建设用地的面积持续增加,并且年变化速率加快,灌木林地、灌丛草甸和水域面积持续减少;各类景观面积年变化率增大,2000-2009年高寒草甸景观面积年变化率为1.118%,2009-2016年景观面积年变化率为2.067%,每年发生类型转化的景观面积约为0.691×10⁴ hm²,5大类景观转移变化面积不大,但各小类景观的转换现象很明显。（3）景观水平上的景观指数变化反映出2000-2009年景观破碎化程度较强,2009-2016年景观状态得到优化,整体趋向于整合;斑块水平上的景观指数变化反映出不同斑块类型格局差异性较大,变化特征明显。（4）海拔与坡度因子对一级分类草地景观及其二级分类灌丛草甸和其他草甸演变的影响较为显著,植被覆盖度因子对草地景观演变存在显著影响,而距离因子对灌丛草甸和其他草甸演变的影响较为显著。人文驱动因素对草原生态及景观演替起到了加速推动作用,其中,政策因素在保护和修复高寒草甸生态系统上起到了至关重要作用。     

Predicted impact of exotic vines on an endangered ecological community under future climate change

Potential interactions between climate change and exotic plant invasions may affect areas of high conservation value, such as land set aside for the protection of endangered species or ecological communities. We investigated this issue in eastern Australia using species distribution models for five exotic vines under climate regimes for 2020 and 2050. We examined how projected changes in the distribution of climatically suitable habitat may coincide with the remaining remnants of an endangered ecological community—littoral rainforests—in this region. The number of known infestations of each weed in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas was used to assess the likelihood of further expansion into areas projected to provide suitable habitat under future conditions. Littoral rainforest reserves were consistently predicted to provide bioclimatically suitable habitat for the five vines examined under both current and future climate scenarios. We explore the consequences and potential strategies for managing exotic plant invasions in these protected areas in the coming decades.     

汾河流域生态敏感性综合评价及时空演变特征

基于格网尺度,在定量构建景观生态风险敏感性、水土流失敏感性、生物多样性敏感性的基础上,对汾河流域综合生态敏感性进行评价,采用空间自相关分析与圈层分析方法,揭示其时空演变特征。结果表明：2000-2018年研究区重度、极度敏感区面积减少,生态环境得到改善,生态敏感性空间分异与流域地形分布具有一致性;生态敏感性具有显著的空间正相关关系,在空间上呈连片连带式分布,具有明显的聚集性特征,随着高高、低低聚集网格数量的减少,生态敏感性空间结构逐渐趋于离散化;结合圈层分布,可将西南象限9-13圈层的吕梁山区与东南象限9-13圈层的太岳山区识别为流域生态环境治理的重点区域,此类区域地形以山地丘陵为主,体现了地形因素对流域生态敏感性空间分布的影响;研究区生态敏感性变化是生态本底与人类胁迫共同作用的结果。     

The concept of threshold and its potential application to landscape planning

The concept of threshold can potentially be applied to conservation planning of species, habitats, and ecosystems. It also has significance in managing social–ecological systems for resilience. However, our understanding and use of threshold has been scattered among various disciplines, and the link to conservation planning and social–ecological system management has not been strongly established. The review of the use of threshold in various disciplines reveals that the term is used in a similar manner in both natural and social sciences: a threshold is a point or a zone on an independent variable, and if it is crossed, a sudden, large change in the state of a dependent variable occurs. Even a small change in the independent variable brings this drastic change; nonlinear relationship characterizes the threshold response. Thresholds also separate alternative regimes in a social–ecological system. The discussion of the application of threshold concept to watershed planning concludes that although using one threshold value of impervious surfaces in a watershed to regulate new developments and retrofit old ones is a cost-effective method, a more integrated approach is needed. The use of habitat amount threshold to conserve species promotes proactive planning that would prioritize areas for protection before the threshold is reached and would restore habitat based on the threshold target. However, species-specific data to decide on the threshold is often lacking, and the identification of thresholds is not straightforward. Nonetheless, the concept of threshold is appealing for proactive planning and significant in managing social–ecological systems for resilience.     

An ecological assessment process based on integrated remote sensing model: A case from Kaikukang-Walagan District,Greater Khingan Range,China

As the impacts of global climate change, rapid economic development, and anthropogenic activities on the environment are intensifying, it is becoming increasingly apparent that we need to understand ecological conditions and their responses to climate change and human disturbances. The objective of this study was to present an ecological assessment of the Kaikukang–Walagan District using the remotely sensed ecological index (RSEI) and the newly introduced integrated ecological environment index (IEEI). This assessment will reveal the ecological responses to disturbances, and place-specific emphasis on ecological conservation. Various data such as Landsat images, advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model (ASTER GDEM), moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) water vapor products, meteorological records, soil thickness, and soil N content data were collected and sampled. First, land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), brightness, and wetness were obtained. Second, the RSEI was determined using LST, NDVI, brightness, and wetness via principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, IEEI was derived from the band operation between the standardized RSEI (RSEI_S) and slope, soil thickness, and soil N content data. The results show that the mean RSEI_S for 2000, 2002, 2007, 2011, and 2017 ranged from 0.26 to 0.48, and the coefficient of variation was 0.22. The number of areas with very good or excellent ecological conditions increased between 2000 and 2002, then fluctuated between 2002 and 2011, and reached a peak in 2017. The influence of climate change in the study area was not evident. The standardized IEEI (IEEI_S) revealed that most of the study areas possessed excellent or very good ecological conditions; areas with good or fair ecological conditions were primarily located and bare land surrounded by vegetation, and areas with poor ecological conditions were primarily distributed in the urban areas of Walagan and Xiufeng. It was also shown that the IEEI is suitable for a comprehensive ecological assessment incorporating multiple ecological factors.     

Short-time effects of land-use changes on O-horizon in subalpine grasslands

Due to economic needs, a process of abandonment of unfavourably situated areas and intensified cultivation on favoured areas has taken place in the alpine region. This abandonment not only means the loss of a cultural landscape based on centuries of care but also interference with an established ecological balance. We wanted to investigate the impact of land-use, such as mowing, fertilisation and irrigation and the effects of abandonment on the O-horizon type, quantity and quality. Therefore, we selected areas with different types of land use but with equivalent site conditions in the Passeier Valley (Bolzano-South Tyrol province) for investigation. The areas studied were as follows: an organically fertilised and irrigated, intensively managed hay meadow mown once a year; an organically fertilised, intensively managed hay meadow mown once a year; a lightly managed hay meadow mown every second year; a lightly managed hay meadow mown every 3–4 years; an area densely covered with dwarf shrubs abandoned 10 years ago; and a reforested area abandoned 30 years ago. These selected areas represent different intensities of land use or stages of succession. On these areas, vegetation, phytomass, litter quantity, humus type, O-horizon quantity, litter decomposition and C and N storage, were analysed in detail. Abandonment causes the percentage of coverage with grasses and herbs to decrease from 100 to 10%, while lignified species increase from 0 to 90%. This leads to growth of the phytomass pools, which in turn causes an increase in the annual litter quantity (from 117 to 525 g m⁻²). Significant changes in litter quality in the case of reduced use or abandonment increases the litter’s resistance to decomposition, decreasing overall decomposition. Litter quantity and quality then have a significant impact on the O-horizon quantity. This increases strongly with decreasing intensity of land use or longer times since abandonment (115–1,180 g m⁻²). This leads to a significant increase of C and N storage and a change in O-horizon type ranging from no definite O-horizon or mull O-horizons on regularly used areas to moder on abandoned areas.     

三江源自然保护区高寒草地草情诊断研究

三江源生态保护和建设工程的实施对生态环境产生了积极的影响,草地是该地区最主要的生态系统类型,准确的草情诊断对该地区的生态稳定和畜牧业发展具重要意义,可更好的指导三江源区生态环境的保护和发展.基于长时间序列的遥感观测资料和野外采样数据,通过构建草情诊断基准值,结合草地覆盖度和产草量的变化率,根据加权求和计算出草情指数,诊...     

Quantifying the Hydroregime of a Temporary Pool Habitat: A Modelling Approach for Ephemeral Rock Pools in SE Botswana

Ecological and evolutionary processes in temporary rock pools operate within constraints imposed by their hydrologic regimes. These shallow pools flood when seasonal rains accumulate on impermeable substrates. Despite the ecological importance of hydrologic conditions for these ecosystems, we typically lack tools and empirical data required to understand the implications of hydrologic variability and climate change for biotic populations and communities in these habitats. In this study, we developed a hydrologic model to simulate rock pool hydrologic regimes based on rainfall, evapotranspiration, and basin geometry. The model was used to investigate long-term patterns of seasonal and inter-annual variation in hydroregime. In addition, hydrologic conditions associated with potential climate change scenarios were simulated and evaluated with respect to the biological requirements of the anostracan Branchipodopsis wolfi. The model’s output for daily inundation matched with field observations with an overall accuracy of 85% and correctly estimated complete hydroperiods with an overall accuracy of 70%. Simulations indicate large variation in individual hydroperiods (76–115%) as well as in the number of hydroperiods per year (19–23%). Furthermore, this study suggests that climate change may significantly alter the rock pool hydroregime. These findings confirm the hydrologic sensitivity of these ephemeral habitats to precipitation patterns, and their potential sensitivity to future climate change. Modelling indicates that the suitability of average inundation conditions for B. wolfi deteriorates significantly under future climate predictions. High levels of spatial and temporal variation in hydrologic conditions are dominant features of these habitats and an essential consideration for understanding population and community-level ecological processes.     

基于土地利用/覆盖变化的中国大陆沿海地区生态状况评价

研究沿海地区土地利用变化及其对生态状况的影响,对于了解区域生态状况演变乃至全球变化具有重要意义.本研究以中国大陆沿海地区1980、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年7期土地利用/覆盖、高程及基础地理信息数据为关键数据源,利用生态等级指数法,对10个省级行政单位56个城市的生态状况进行综合评价,分析其时间动态演变和空间分异特征,深入探讨了高程分异及海陆梯度对我国大陆沿海地区生态状况的影响.结果表明:1980—2015年间,我国大陆沿海地区生态状况基本稳定,呈现逐步恶化、局部改善的特征.我国大陆沿海地区生态状况大致以杭州湾为界,呈南高北低的空间分异特征.大陆沿海地区生态等级指数高程分异显著,海拔<10 m的地区生态状况相对较差,海拔<30 m的区域在研究时段内生态状况的恶化趋势最为明显;研究区生态状况随着海拔的升高而增加,且海拔>400 m区域的生态状况在研究时段内呈现逐步好转的趋势.大陆沿海地区生态等级指数在海陆方向上亦存在梯度特征,自陆向海呈现高-低-高模式,距海10 km处生态状况变化最为显著,且随着距海距离的增加而降低.     

保定市生产性生态承载力与生态功能耦合协调度时空分异

生态承载力与生态功能对区域均具有正向支撑作用,二者存在一定的相互影响,探讨其交互耦合关系,可以客观反映区域经济发展与生态环境的协调程度。基于国内外生产性生态承载力研究成果,结合生态保护红线划定方案对水土保持、水源涵养、防风固沙、生物多样性维护四项生态功能的评价方法,测算和分析保定市2010年和2017年的人均生态承载力及其与各类生态功能的耦合协调度及其影响因素。结果表明：①2010年和2017年保定市总生态承载量和人均生态承载力均有所提升,保定市生态经济性支撑作用不断提高,其中耕地和草地对其贡献最大;空间分布上由北向南递减,市区承载力最低;②各类生态功能高值区主要集中于保定市西北地带,水源涵养功能最强,两年间变化不大;③人均生态承载力和生态功能的耦合协调度时序变化不大,空间上以生态功能格局为基础,生态承载力的变化导致结果存在偏移;根据耦合结果可将保定市土地和生态功能支撑力的协调程度分为3个层次,低承载低耦合区、高承载高耦合区和低承载高耦合区;④经济社会发展水平、自然禀赋、区域发展战略等因素对保定市各类耦合协调度的分布和变化带来了主要影响。研究成果将为综合建设保定市生态可持续发展提供理论参考。     

基于土地多功能的黄土丘陵沟壑区生态保护与发展情景评估及多主体模拟

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区生态环境脆弱,近几十年生态保护工程的实施带来显著的生态恢复效果,也对农户的生计策略与区域粮食安全产生了影响。刻画生态脆弱区人-地系统复杂响应过程,可以为区域可持续的土地利用管理模式提供依据。研究从土地多功能出发,着眼于黄土丘陵沟壑区河谷川地、梁峁区域、黄土塬地、土石山地以及城郊区域等不同的典型地貌类型与代表区域,采用多层次利益相关者参与式的评估框架,以农户的耕地利用行为及生态工程影响与未来发展为切入点,设置惯性发展情景、发展优先兼顾生态情景、农业优先兼顾生态情景以及生态优先兼顾发展情景,构建多智能体模型对区域土地利用与土地多功能的时空变化开展模拟。主要结果表明：(1)生态优先兼顾发展情景综合影响最高且对各维度影响相对均衡,而农业优先兼顾生态情景对区域土地的经济维度的功能和社会维度具有更为明显的提升效应;(2)根据土地多功能空间变化模拟结果,区域土地利用破碎化明显且耕地的撂荒对全域土地多功能均表现出明显的限制作用,农业优先兼顾生态情景中土地功能发生下降的面积最少;(3)发生土地功能下降的区域主要分布在土地质量较差、坡度处于5—15°范围内、地形起伏度较大以及距离道路较远...     

Land cover dynamics of different topographic conditions in Beijing, China

Topographic conditions play an important role in controlling land cover dynamic processes. In this study, remotely sensed data and the geographic information system were applied to analyze the changes in land cover along topographic gradients from 1978 to 2001 in Beijing, a rapidly urbanized mega city in China. The study was based on five periods of land cover maps derived from remotely sensed data: Landsat MSS for 1978, Landsat TM for 1984, 1992, 1996 and 2001, and the digital elevation model (DEM) derived from 1:250,000 topographic map. The whole area was divided into ten land cover types: conifer forest, broadleaf forest, mixed forest, shrub, brushwood, meadow, farmland, built-up, water body and bare land. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Shrub, forest, farmland and builtup consist of the main land cover types of the Beijing area. The most significant land cover change from 1978 to 2001 was the decrease of the farmland and expansion of the builtup area. Farmland decreased from 6354 to 3813 km2 in the 23 years, while the built-up area increased from 421 to 2642 km2. Meanwhile, the coverage of forest increased from 17.2% to 24.7% of the total area. The conversion matrix analysis indicated that the transformation of farmland to the built-up area was the most significant process and afforestation was the primary cause of the replacement of shrub to forest. (2) Topographic conditions are of great importance to the distribution of land cover types and the process of land cover changes. Elevation has an intensive impact on the distribution of land cover types. The area below 100 m mostly consists of farmland and built-up areas, while the area above 100 m is mainly covered by shrub and forest. Shrub has the maximum frequency in areas between 100 and 1000 m, while forest has dominance in areas above 800 m. According to the analysis of land cover changes in different ranges of elevation, the greatest change below 100 m was the process of urbanization. The process of the main land cover change occurred above 100 m was the transformation from shrub to forest. This result was consistent with the vertical change of natural vegetation distribution in Beijing. (3) Slope has a great influence on the distribution of land cover. Farmland and built-up areas are mostly distributed in flat areas, while shrub and forest occupy steeper areas compared with other land cover types. Forest frequency increased with the increasing slope. Land cover changes differed from the slope gradients. In the plain area, the land cover change occurred as the result of urbanization. With the increasing of the slope gradient, afforestation, which converts shrub to forest, was the process of the primary land cover change. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2): 239–251 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

城市边缘区生态脆弱性时空演变——以大连市甘井子区为例

以1998年的土地利用数据和2003、2007、2013 SPOT5遥感数据等多元数据为基础,运用ESC模型结合空间分析法,线性加权方法计算社区的EVI值,并将甘井子区生态脆弱性划分为5个等级;以及运用二乘算法计算变化斜率,F值测算变化显著性,将变化斜率和变化显著性分为4个等级,研究大连市甘井子区1998—2013生态脆弱性的时空分异。结果表明:(1)从城市边缘区生态脆弱性等级分布特征来看,城市边缘区生态环境呈现出相同等级聚集,以邻近沙河口区社区为中心,相邻等级呈现出明显的辐射状,东西方向差异明显的特征。(2)从社区间生态脆弱性差异的角度来看,甘井子内部各社区生态状态差异显著。邻近市区的社区生态脆弱性变化显著生态环境迅速恶化,平均EVI由0.62增加至0.73,变化显著性指数为2.26。远离市区的部分社区生态环境变化不大,生态环境保持良好状态。部分社区EVI变化值呈现负增长,生态逐渐恢复。(3)从城市边缘区生态脆弱性整体变化趋势来看,1998—2013年间甘井子区的生态脆弱性变化与城市化发展速度密切相关,以2007年为节点,1998—2007年平均变化斜率指数为0.51,2007—2013年平均变化斜率指数为0.19,呈现出先快后慢的下降趋势。     

1980-2030年石羊河流域生态系统碳储存服务对土地利用变化的响应

陆地生态系统碳储量是表征碳储存服务的重要指标,其变化与土地利用变化存在着密不可分的关系。预测未来土地利用变化对认识区域生态系统服务及其变化具有重要的意义。利用石羊河流域1980—2020年土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型和FLUS模型,探究了石羊河流域在过去40年间和未来自然变化、生态保护、耕地保护3种情景下的土地利用变化对碳储量的影响。结果表明：石羊河流域在1980—2020年间耕地、草地、建设用地呈增加趋势,林地、水域、未利用地呈减少的趋势。40年间石羊河流域碳储量增加了7.98×10⁶t,增幅为1.44%。石羊河流域碳储量呈现明显的空间分异,碳储量较高的地区主要分布在上游祁连山区和中下游绿洲地区,这种分布格局与流域内土地利用类型的空间分布密切相关。至2030年,自然变化、生态保护、耕地保护情景下石羊河流域碳储量分别为563×10⁶t、563.43×10⁶t、564.98×10⁶t,较2020年分别增加了0.45%、0.53%和0.80%,其中生态保护情景与其他两种情景相比既保护了生态环境还保...     

Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Swiss Alpine Farmers and their Resilience to Socioecological Change

The cultural landscape of the European Alps was formed over centuries through human agricultural activities. Smallholder family farms, made famous in the cultural ecological literature by Robert Netting (1993), are still the predominant socioeconomic unit of agriculture. This study assesses the resilience of farm households in relation to climate change in the village of Vals, Switzerland. Using ethnographic methods, farming households’ resilience to environmental change was investigated from two perspectives: 1) an assessment of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in the household and its social networks; and 2) the assets of the various livelihood strategies of the farms. TEK was found to be of vital significance for management of the local environment, despite its reduced integrity due to contraction of farmland holdings, mechanization of certain tasks, and fragmentation of the agricultural ecosystem into different jurisdictions. Today the strongest and most critical areas of TEK are centered on production of agricultural goods and hazard management. Households’ TEK, in combination with their flexible structure, gives them a high degree of adaptive capacity that nevertheless must be viewed in the context of an environment including not only significant natural constraints and variability, but also local and non-local sociopolitical factors, including state subsidies, which constitute a significant share of farmers’ income, and political directives to maintain biodiversity. TEK must also be responsive to these constraints and the premises of biodiversity conservation and landscape and livelihood maintenance that underlie them.     

滨州市生态系统服务价值与生态风险时空演变及其关联性

以山东省滨州市为研究对象,利用2000、2005、2010年和2015年4期遥感影像数据划分土地利用类型,基于3km×3km评价小区格网化重采样,核算生态系统服务价值和生态风险指数,分析二者动态变化特征及时、空关联性。结果表明：（1）2000-2015年滨州市生态系统服务价值总量由168.06×10⁸元持续增长到205.30×10⁸元,生态风险指数呈现缓慢降低趋势,总体下降5.86%,区域生态安全问题有所改善;（2）单位面积生态系统服务价值和生态风险指数具有较强的正向等级相关性,并存在一定的正向空间关联性;（3）生态系统服务价值变化相对于生态风险指数具有一定的滞后性,高等级生态风险区域的生态系统服务价值存在极大的减小变化的可能性。研究有助于为区域生态安全格局建设和环境保护政策的制定提供参考。     

煤炭井工开采对干旱荒漠区植被动态变化的影响

我国西北干旱荒漠区生态环境脆弱,煤炭开采活动严重地破坏植被和影响生态环境,而煤炭井工开采对干旱荒漠区植被动态变化的影响尚不明确。以灵武市为例,采用遥感技术和野外实地调查相结合的方法,分析2000-2019年间煤炭井工开采对植被动态变化的影响。结果表明：灵武市的植被主要以沙蒿（Artemisia salsoloides）、柠条（Caragana korshinskii）和芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）等荒漠植物为主;2000-2019年间,植被覆盖度（FVC）和绿度变化率（GRC）表明灵武市植被整体呈现改善趋势;归一化植被指数（NDVI）与年降水量（P）和年平均风速（S）等气象因子显著相关,表明气候因子对区域植被动态变化起主要作用;煤炭开采区侵占草地和灌丛面积,使得土地利用类型发生变化,生态环保政策的实施对于区域土地利用类型的变化和植被改善具有重要作用。实地调查分析表明煤炭开采改变了矿区植物群落结构,植被盖度和物种多样性指数均在煤炭开采后1-4a呈下降趋势,5-9a为上升趋势,10a自然恢复后与对照区的变化趋势一致,说明在自然条件下煤炭开采区植被恢复经历了退化期、改善期和初步恢复期等过程。这些研究结果为西北干旱荒漠区煤炭井工开采矿区植被恢复和生态环境建设提供了理论基础。     

1961—2010年中国植被区的气候与林火动态变化

气候、植被和人为活动的变化影响到区域的林火动态．基于生态地理区研究全国尺度上林火动态的变化是科学林火管理的基础．根据中国地面气候资料日值数据,把1961—2010年气温和降水两个气象要素差值到网格点（空间分辨率0.25°×0.25°）,分析中国8个生态地理区森林分布区域的火险期气温和降水量变化,采用Mann-Kendall法分析气候和火动态的变化趋势．结果表明： 1961—2010年,中国森林分布区的平均气温呈现线性上升趋势,但降水量变化趋势不显著,所有生态地理区的火险期平均气温显著增加,中温带半干旱/干旱地区草原区增温最显著,而大部分区域的火险期降水量变化不明显.研究区火灾次数呈现明显的波动性,受害森林面积显著下降.除中温带干旱地区荒漠针叶林区的火灾次数和受害森林面积呈现显著的增加趋势外,其他生态地理区都表现为双峰型变化曲线.     

Darwin’s Necessary Misfit and the Sloshing Bucket: The Evolutionary Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases

Evolutionary studies suggest that the potential for rapid emergence of novel host–parasite associations is a “built-in feature” of the complex phenomenon that is Darwinian evolution. The current Emerging Infectious Disease (EID) crisis is thus a new manifestation of an old and repeating phenomenon. There is evidence that previous episodes of global climate change and ecological perturbation, broadly defined, throughout earth history have been associated with environmental disruptions that produce episodic bursts of new host–parasite associations, each of which would have been called an EID at the time of its first appearance. This perspective implies that there are many evolutionary accidents waiting to happen, requiring only the catalyst of climate change, species introductions, and the intrusion of humans into areas they have never inhabited before.     

基于GlobeLand30的城市生态用地时空变化特征——以北京市为例

在城市高速增长而土地资源有限的背景下,北京市探索了城市总体规划统领的生态保护与建设有效途径,探究其生态用地时空变化特征,能够为生态用地与建设用地同步规划和协调布局提供参考。本文基于北京市2000年、2010年和2020年的GlobeLand30土地覆盖数据,分析了2000-2020年生态用地与建设用地、农用地的相互转化,揭示了各类用地变化强度在不同距离及方位的空间分布特征,应用景观格局指数刻画了空间形态变化;通过景观扩张/收缩指数LESI判定生态用地空间形态变化模式;通过高斯两步移动搜索法2SFCA计算建设用地与生态用地的可达性。结果表明：（1）生态用地面积占比一直为13%~15%,但不同距离和方位的空间分布发生显著变化,生态条件较好区域受城市增长负面影响较大,生态条件相对薄弱区域的生态建设在城市增长中加强。（2）生态用地的空间形态变化不大,但空间分布趋于分散;生态用地增加以新生模式和扩展模式为主,减少则从消亡模式为主转向分裂模式和收缩模式为主。（3）建设用地与生态用地的可达性整体偏低,2000-2010年新增建设用地可达性的低等级占比高于既有建设用地,可达性高值区零散分布在中心区域;2010-2020年新增建设用地可达性的较高等级占比高于既有建设用地,可达性较高区域的空间分布更加均匀。