新华合物柴胡皂甙q—1的结构鉴定

从北柴胡（）Bupheurum chinense DC.）根的醇提液的正丁醇部分分离得到３个化合物,分别鉴定为柴胡皂甙q-1（１）、３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙d(2)和３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙b2(3).化合物１为新化合物,用化学和波谱法确定其结构为３β,１６α,２３,２８,３０－五羟基－齐墩果－１１,１３（１８）－二烯－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖（１→６）－[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（１→４）]－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物２和３为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。     

麦冬的配糖体成分

从川麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）根部乙醇提取物中分离得到四个已知化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：龙脑７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（１）,龙脑７－Ｏ－〔β－Ｄ－呋喃芹糖（１→６）〕－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖甙（２）,４－烯丙基－１,２－苯本酚１－Ｏ－〔α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖（１→６）〕－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（３）,５－烯－１β,３β,１６β,２２Ｓ－胆甾四醇１－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖１６     

滇重楼地上部分的配糖体

从滇重楼ＰａｒｉｓｐｏｌｙｐｈｙｌｌａＳｍ．ｖａｒ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｆｒ．）Ｈ－Ｍ,地上部分,分离出４个微量的配糖体,经光谱分析和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为２５Ｓ－异钮替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ａ）,２６－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基－纽替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｂ）,山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ｃ）,７－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基－山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（Ｄ）。     

圆穗蓼中的新黄酮甙成分

从圆穗蓼（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｔａｃｈｙｕｍ Ｍｅｉｓｎ．）中分离得到２个新黄酮甙,经光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为：３＇－羟基－５,４＇－二甲氧基－６,７－二氧亚甲基黄酮－３－Ｏ－「β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖基（１→６）」－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑴和５,４＇－二甲氧基－３＇－异丙烯基乙酰基－６,７－二氧亚甲基黄酮－３－Ｏ－「β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑵,分别命名为圆穗蓼素Ａ     

印楝愈伤组织的化学成分

从印楝（Ａｚａｄｉｒａｃｈｔａ ｉｎｄｉｃａ Ａ．Ｊｕｓｓ）的愈伤组织中,共分离鉴定出５个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析分别确定为：柳杉酚⑴,豆甾醇⑵,软酯酸－１－甘油酯⑶,豆甾醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑷,豆甾醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙－６’－十六烷酸酯⑸。     

慈溪麦冬甙A和B的结构

从浙江慈溪产中药麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）中分离得到２个新的Ｃ２７甾体甙－－慈溪麦冬甙Ａ（２）和Ｂ（３）以及已知甙ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２）和ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」「β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃基（１→４）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡     

石香薷中化学成分的研究

从石香薷（Ｍｏｓｌａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａｘｉｍ ．）中分离到１０ 个化合物,经光谱分析、化学方法及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：６－甲基三十三烷（１）、β－谷甾醇（２）、熊果酸（３）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基黄酮（４）、５－羟基－６－甲基－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖（３→１）－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖双氢黄酮甙（５）、５,７－二羟基－４－甲氧基黄酮（６）、洋芹素（７）、山奈素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（８）、桑色素－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（９）、鼠李柠檬素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－芹糖（１→５）芹糖－４－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（１０）。其中,化合物５和１０ 为新化合物     

圆果雪胆中的皂甙成分

从圆果雪胆（Ｈｅｍｓｌｅｙａ ａｍａｂｉｌｉｓ）的块茎中分离到１０个化合物,其中３个雪胆皂甙是首次从该种植物中得到,它们的结构通过光谱和化学的方法鉴定为齐墩果酸－３－Ｏ－α－吡喃阿拉伯糖（１→３）－β－葡萄糖醛酸甙,２８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－α－吡喃阿拉伯糖（１→３）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸,２８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－「β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖（１→２）」－「α－吡喃阿     

广东冬青中的三萜及三萜皂甙成分

从广东冬青（Ｉｌｅｘ ｋｗａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的叶中分离得到四个三萜皂甙和三个三萜成分,通过光谱解析及化学方法,三个三萜成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸（１）、熊果酸（２）和常春藤皂甙元（３）;四个三萜皂甙成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→３）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（４）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→２）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（５）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－     

红木荷树皮的化学成分

从红木茶树皮中分离出４个化学成分,经光谱解析和化学降解,分别被鉴定为α－菠甾醇,α－菠甾醇葡萄糖甙,表儿茶素和一新的三萜皂甙２２－Ｏ－当归酰酯－３－Ｏ（α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２））－（β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→２）－β－Ｄ－半乳吡喃糖基（１→４））－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸甙。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.