A new species of Megatherium (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of Sacaco and Tres Ventanas, Peru

Megatherium urbinai sp. nov. is a new megatheriine ground sloth from Pleistocene beds of the Sacaco area and Tres Ventanas Cave, Peru. This new species is referred to the genus Megatherium based primarily on humeral, femoral, and astragalar morphology. It is characterized by various features, such as a strongly reduced metacarpal-carpal-complex (MCC) and a reduced, oval scaphoid facet of the MCC located at the medial extremity of the bone that does not contact without the McII facet. The distal side of the unciform bears an undivided articular surface for the metacarpals III–V. The lateral femoral margin is nearly rectilinear and the tibia and fibula do not fuse distally. The astragalus is oriented more medially, the navicular is in a medial position, the ectocuneiform articulates with MtIII–IV, and the MtIV is more inclined laterally than in M. tarijense and M. americanum . M. urbinai is one of the smallest Megatherium species known along with M. altiplanicum . It has the most marked torsion of the pes for the genus. It extends the palaeogeographic distribution of the genus in South America. It is phylogenetically close to other Andean megatheriines and is less specialised than M. tarijense , and does not belong to the clade constituted by [ M. altiplanicum  +  M. americanum ].     

吉林李家窑范家屯组中的二叠纪北温带牙形刺动物群

在吉林省九台市三台乡李家窑附近的二叠系范家屯组中采到一特殊的牙形刺动物群。多数牙形刺都较小,锯齿发育,齿脊细齿不愈合。由一些未见报道的新分子组成。本文描述了４个新种（Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和３个未命名新种     

广东省杯伞属的分组及三个新种

本文报道了广东地区杯伞属Clitocybe(Fr.)Staude的3个新种及5个国内新记录。3个新种是:拟褶杯伞Clitocybe pseudo-phyllophila Bi et zheng,sp.nov.,鳞杯伞Clitocybe furfuracea Bi sp.nov以及亚白杯伞Clitocybe subcandicans Bi sp.nov.。并附与种和种所属分组的检索表。     

中国双叶摇蚊亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科,摇蚊属)(英文)

对中国摇蚊属的双叶摇蚊亚属作了系统学记述。描述了2个新种:宽铗双叶摇蚊Chironomus(Camptochironomus)latusus sp.nov.和六毛双叶摇蚊Chironomus(Camptochironomus) senisetosus sp.nov.,重新描述了苍白双叶摇蚊Chironomus(Camptochironomus) pallidivittatus和伸展双叶摇蚊Chironomus(Camptochironomus) tentans。并编制了中国本亚属4种雄成虫分种检索表。宽铗双叶摇蚊,新种Chironomus(Camptochironomus) latusus sp.nov.(图1～2)雄虫生殖节构造与苍白双叶摇蚊相似,但本种肛尖两侧叶强烈骨化,抱器端节明显宽大。AR值明显小于后者(表2)。正模♂,内蒙古乌梁素海,1982-04-25,王新华灯诱。六毛双叶摇蚊,新种Chironomus(Camptochironomus) senisetosus sp.nov.(图5～6)雄虫生殖节构造与伸展双叶摇蚊相似,但可借以下特征区别于后者(表4):上附器发达,6根长刚毛有序地围绕并着生在上附器基部,肛节侧片毛缺失,腋瓣缘明显少于后者。正模♂,贵州省罗甸县,2004-08-11,于昕网捕。     

OCTOCORALLIAN AND HYDROID FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER ORDOVICIAN OF WALES

Abstract:  Octocorallian and hydroid fossils are described from the Lower Ordovician (Arenig Series) of Wales. They include gorgoniids that are the earliest known fossils of this group: Petilavenula varifurcata gen. et sp. nov. and P. surculosa gen. et sp. nov. Pennalina crossi gen. et sp. nov. is probably also a gorgoniid but may be a hydroid. A new hydroid, Pontifennia gracilis gen. et sp. nov., is also described.     

湖北神农架缺脉舞虻亚属五新种(双翅目,舞虻科)(英文)

记述湖北神农架缺脉舞虻亚属Coptophlebia 5新种,即端鬃缺脉舞虻Empis (Coptophlebia) apiciseta sp. nov.,基黄缺脉舞虻E. (C.) basiflava sp. nov.,指突缺脉舞虻E. (C.)digitata sp. nov.,白毛缺脉舞虻E. (C.) pallipilosa sp. nov.,后鬃缺脉舞虻E. (C.) posticasp. nov.。     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)研究及净妙蝇群五新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:净妙蝇群M.species-lauta并描述该新种群5新种:冯氏妙蝇M.fengisp.nov.,肖黄基妙蝇M.flavibasisoides sp.nov.,亚黄基妙蝇M.subflavibasis sp.nov.,亚净妙蝇M.sublauta sp.nov.和黄褐妙蝇M.xuthosa sp.nov.。文中给出了净妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

BIZARRE FOSSIL INSECTS: WEB-SPINNING SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS FERGANOLYDA (VESPIDA, PAMPHILIOIDEA) FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF DAOHUGOU, INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA

Abstract:  Three new species, attributed to the extinct family Xyelydidae of the Pamphilioidea (Order Vespida = Hymenoptera), are described from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China: Ferganolyda scylla sp. nov., F. charybdis sp. nov. and F. chungkuei sp. nov. The new material demonstrates that the genus Ferganolyda , which was previously considered to be a morphologically ordinary group of web-spinning sawflies, is in fact a highly unusual insect taxon. It is characterised, particularly in the male sex, by a huge head (about half as wide as the entire body length) and unusual modification of the antennae. Interpretation of the function of the unusual head and antennae is intriguing but unresolved.     

ARCHAEORADIOLITES, A NEW GENUS FROM THE UPPER APTIAN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE ORIGIN OF THE RUDIST FAMILY RADIOLITIDAE

Abstract:  Archaeoradiolites gen. nov. (Radiolitidae), mainly characterized by radially arranged branching walls structuring the outer shell layer, includes two species, Archaeoradiolites primitivus gen. et sp. nov. and Archaeoradiolites hispanicus gen. et sp. nov. (type species), the distinction of which is based on size, shell habit and development of the radially branching microstructure. Their geographical distribution is restricted to south-east Spain and south-west France, i.e. the Western European Tethyan margin, whereas data from the Black Sea coast of Turkey suggest a possible extension to the Eastern European Tethyan margin. Each species has a distinct biostratigraphic distribution within the Upper Aptian (mainly the Gargasian). Agriopleura is suggested to be the direct ancestor of Archaeoradiolites, which in turn is considered as the progenitor of Eoradiolites. The onset of the Radiolitidae is associated with global oceanic changes that favoured calcite as opposed to aragonite biomineralization. The acquisition of a porous shell microstructure appears, in many respects, biologically advantageous and may account for gaining a rapid (< 1 myr) ecological ability for efficient colonization and occupation of space of the family in the earlier phase of its radiation.     

AMMONOIDS AND THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE HIMALAYAS OF SOUTHERN TIBET

Abstract:  The sections of Germig in the Nyalam area, southern Tibet, provide a continuous exposure of ammonoid-bearing, uppermost Triassic and basal Jurassic strata. Eighteen species (three of them new) are described and illustrated: Choristoceras marshi Hauer , C. aff. marshi, C. cf. nobile Mojsisovics , C. nyalamense sp. nov., Eopsiloceras germigense sp. nov. , Pleuroacanthites aff. biformis (Sowerby) , Rhacophyllites sp., Nevadaphyllites cf. psilomorphus (Neumayr), Neophyllites sp. indet., Neophyllites cf. biptychus (Lange), Psiloceras tibeticum sp. nov., P. calliphyllum (Neumayr), Euphyllites cf. struckmanni (Neumayr), Discamphiceras pleuronotum (Canavari), Alsatites spp., Kammerkarites frigga , and K. sp. The ammonoid fauna shows a strong affinity to that of the Northern Calcareous Alps, although diversity in the Calliphyllum Zone is markedly lower. The ammonoid succession across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary is subdivided into four zones: the Rhaetian Marshi, the basal Hettangian Tibeticum, the lower Hettangian Calliphyllum, and the middle Hettangian Pleuronotum zones. It is the only known succession across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Tethyan Realm that is not condensed. The Marshi and Calliphyllum zones are correlated with the same zones in the Northern Calcareous Alps. The Tibeticum Zone, a new local zone, is transitional between the Marshi and the Calliphyllum zones in that it yields both choristoceratids and psiloceratids. Its base is taken to mark the base of the Jurassic System in the eastern Tethys.     

中国云南镞果实蝇亚属三新种记述(双翅目,实蝇科)(英文)

本文记述了镞果实蝇亚属云南3新种。新种模式标本保存于中国检验检疫科学研究院动植物检疫所,北京。     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)分类学研究及转妙蝇群八新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:转妙蝇群M. species-trochanterata 并描述新种群8新种:基妙蝇M. basilara sp. nov.,褐妙蝇M.brunneusa sp. nov.,余妙蝇 M. cetera sp. nov.,亚毛眼妙蝇 M.paralasiophthalma sp. nov.,亚转妙蝇M. paratrochanterata sp.nov.,亚毛爪妙蝇M. piliungulisoides sp. nov.,亚黄胫妙蝇 M.subflavitibia sp. nov. 和条妙蝇M. vittata sp. nov.。文中给出了转妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知12种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。另外,还记述了毛爪妙蝇M. piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998和毛眼妙蝇M. lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)两种雌性。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。转妙蝇群的鉴别特征雄额狭,不及单眼三角宽,触角黑色;前胸基腹片具毛,小盾片端部或多或少呈淡色,背面的正常毛被不越出缘鬃一线,且下侧缘无向下弯的、或多或少呈淡色的细毛,翅内鬃1+2;沟前内侧中条间一些毛被显著发达。翅的前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黑色至黑褐色,r1脉背面裸;足的股节不完全呈黄色。在妙蝇属中,本群蝇类并无突出的、独一无二的共有衍征,但在前胸基腹片具毛和小盾片侧腹缘裸的类群中,只有本群蝇类具备上述的特征组合,尤其是前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黑色至黑褐色,小盾片端部或多或少呈淡色和股节不完全呈黄色这一组特征组合。此外,根据我国学者薛万琦(1996)和冯炎(2007)的描述,作者怀疑产自我国湖南、贵州和四川等地的转妙蝇M.trochanterata Emden(1965)属于2个不同的种,它们均不同于缅甸、印度和尼泊尔等地产的转妙蝇M.trochanterata Emden(1965),因而可能是3个独立的种。转妙蝇群的分种检索表1.雄眼密具黄色毛。前气门黄至褐色,后气门黑褐色。前股黑色,端部黄褐色……………………………………………………………2眼裸或实际裸,其余特征不如上述………………………………52.下后头无黄色毛……………………………………………………3下后头具黄色毛……………………………………………………43.额、颜、下侧颜及颊褐色,略带红色;额宽仅及前单眼宽的1.3倍;翅灰色,透明,绝不带褐色。中、后股黄褐色,前者腹面略带黑色………………………褐妙蝇,新种M.brunneusa sp.nov.额、颜、下侧颜及颊黑褐色,绝不带任何红色;额达单眼三角宽;翅褐色。中股腹面、背面和后股背面分别具褐黑色条条妙蝇,新种M.vittata sp.nov.………………………………………………4.中、后股呈黄褐色,有时中股腹面具黑褐色条毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)…………………………………………中、后股黑褐色,端半黄褐色亚毛眼妙蝇,新种M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.………………………………………………………5.前股除端部黄色外呈黑色,中、后股黄或不完全黄。眼裸或实际裸……………………………………………………………………6前股及中、后股节呈淡铁锈色。眼具零星短毛亚毛眼妙蝇,新种M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.……………………………………6.中、后股黄褐色……………………………………………………7中、后股不完全呈黄褐色…………………………………………97.雄额较狭,约如前单眼宽的1.5倍;阳茎呈宽的三角形;第5腹板侧叶宽,向外伸展黄胫妙蝇M.flavitibia Guan,Feng et Ma,2007………………………………………………………………………雄额较宽,至少如前单眼宽的2倍;阳茎不呈宽的三角形;第5腹板侧叶狭或宽,端部弯曲或直……………………………………88.转节黑褐色。雄尾器:后面观侧尾叶直,侧面观肛尾叶扁薄,阳茎端部后缘呈角形突出,膜质的端部短三角形;雄第五腹板瘦狭,侧叶显著狭窄,向内弯曲亚黄胫妙蝇,新种M.subflavitibia sp.nov.………………………………………………………………………转节褐色。雄尾器:后面观侧尾叶弯曲,侧面观肛尾叶宽厚,阳茎条形,膜质的端部长条形;第5腹板宽大,侧叶显著宽,向外伸展,决不向内弯曲…………………余妙蝇,新种M.cetera sp.nov.9.后股黄;中股基半黑褐色。雄侧尾叶前缘具平的、其上具3个刺状鬃的突起……亚毛爪妙蝇,新种M.piliungulisoides sp.nov.后股不全黄,至少基部黑褐色;其余特征不如上述……………1010.后股除基部黑褐色外呈黄褐色基妙蝇,新种Myospila basilara sp.nov.………………………………………………………………后股基部2/3褐黄色或黑褐色…………………………………1111.中股基部1/2至2/3褐色;后股基部2/3褐黄色。侧尾叶前缘具尖锐角形突起……毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998中股和后股基部2/3黑褐色。侧尾叶前缘具钝平的突起亚转妙蝇,新种M.paratrochanterata sp.nov.………………………1基妙蝇,新种Myospila basilara sp.nov.(图1～4)雄体长约4.5mm。雌不详。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约10列;气门黑色。足黄褐色,基节和转节黑褐色,跗节黑色,前股约基部2/3黑褐色,中股约基半黑色,后股基部略带黑色。新种类似毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998、亚毛爪妙蝇Myospila piliungulisoides sp.nov.和亚转妙蝇M.paratrochanterata sp.nov.等。根据上述检索表这4个种类可予明确而肯定的区别。正模♂,贵州关岭断桥(25°53’N,105°38’E;海拔600m),2008年3月18日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、金伟等采。副模:1♂,贵州安顺甘堡林场,海拔1250m,2009年2月21～25日,魏濂艨、蒋绍贵、曹维平采;1♂,贵州紫云浪风关林场,海拔1200m,2009年2月25～28日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、吴建霖、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"basilara",意为"基部",在此意指新种后股基部黑褐色。2褐妙蝇,新种Myospila brunneusa sp.nov.(图5～8)雄体长约4.5mm。雌未采获标本。眼具黄色密毛,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额、侧颜、下侧颜和颊褐红色;额狭,Apr.2012W ei:Study of the genus Myospila and eight new species of the newly defined M.trochanterata-group约为前单眼宽的1.3倍;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约12列;前气门金黄色,略带褐色;翅灰色,透明,绝不带褐色。足黄褐色,基节、转节和跗节黑褐色;前股除端部腹面黄外几乎全呈黑色;中股腹面略带黑色。根据雄眼具毛,前气门黄至褐色等特征,新种与毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)、条妙蝇M.vittata sp.nov.和亚毛眼妙蝇M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.等十分相似,但根据上述检索表它们可被明确而肯定地予与区分。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山林场(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年12月6日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、龙彪、刘美华等采。副模1♂,贵州花江峡谷,海拔640m,2009年10月17日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"brunneusa",意为"褐色",在此意指新种额、侧颜、下侧颜和颊呈褐红色。3余妙蝇,新种Myospila cetera sp.nov.(图9～12)雄体长约6.2mm。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额宽略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约10列;气门黑色;足黄色,基节和跗节黑色,转节褐色;前股除端部黄外黑色;中股腹面略带褐色。雌未采获标本。根据中、后足黄色,新种与黄胫妙蝇M.flavitibia Guan,Feng et M a,2007和亚黄胫妙蝇M.subflavitibia sp.nov.是彼此更为近似的一个类群。但据上述的检索表此3种可彼此相互鉴别。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年6月1日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华、龙彪等采。副模:2♂♂,贵州平坝城关林场,海拔1200m,2009年2～3月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华和吴建霖等采;1♂,安顺蔡官龙天村,海拔1400m,2009年6月1～30日,魏濂艨、刘美华、蒋绍贵、陈林等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"cetera",意为"剩余的,另外的",在此意指与黄胫妙蝇类似的另一个种。4亚毛眼妙蝇,新种Myospila paralasiophthalma sp.nov.(图19～22)雄体长约7mm。眼具黄色短密毛,前内方小眼面扩大;额宽约如两后单眼外缘间距;下后头具黄色毛。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约12列;前气门黄褐色。足黄褐色,基节和跗节黑色,转节褐黑色,前股除端部腹面黄色外几乎全黑;中、后股基部2/5黑色。雌不详。根据雄眼具毛,前气门黄至褐色等特征,新种与褐妙蝇M.brunneusa sp.nov.、毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)和条妙蝇,新种M.vittata sp.nov.等十分相似,但据上述检索表它们可被明确而肯定地予与区分。正模♂,贵州紫云浪风关林场(25°42’N,106°3’E;海拔1200m),2009年3月22日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采。副模:2♂♂,贵州花江峡谷,海拔640～1000m,2009年1～2月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"lasiophthalma",意为"眼具毛的","para"意为"类似",在此指新种类似毛眼妙蝇。5亚转妙蝇,新种Myospila paratrochanterata sp.nov.(图23～26)雄体长约5.5～6.5mm。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额宽略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约8列;气门黑色。足黄褐色,基节和跗节黑色,转节黑色,几乎不带褐色,前股除端部很下地黄外几乎全黑;中、后股基部2/3(有时1/2)黑色。新种类似毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998、基妙蝇Myospila basilara sp.nov.和亚毛爪妙蝇Myospila piliungulisoidessp.nov.等。根据上述检索表这4个种类可予明确而肯定的区别。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年6月1日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华和龙彪等采。副模:15♂♂,同正模,2009年5～11月;1♂,安顺鸡场,海拔1200m,2008年4月6日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采;1♂,贵州安顺旧州老落坡林场,海拔1300m,2008年4月19日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采;1♂,贵州安顺甘堡林场,海拔1250m,2009年2月21日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、吴建霖和刘美华等采;1♂,同上,2011年5月29日,魏濂艨、曹维平和李鸿等采;3♂♂,贵州安顺对门山,海拔1300m,2009年2～3月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵采;1♂,采集地及采集人同上,2008年12月21日;6♂♂,贵州安顺凤凰山林场,海拔1300m,2009年3月7～31日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵和刘美华等采;1♂,贵州安顺龙宫,海拔1200m,     

植盲蝽属Phytocoris Fallen中国二新种记述(半翅目:盲蝽科)(英文)

本文记述植盲蝽属PhytocorisFallen二新种：白刺植盲蝽Ph.nitrariaesp.nov.（正模,副模2,宁夏盐池,采自白刺）;瘦植盲蝽Ph.macersp.nov.（正模,宁夏盐池;副模,宁夏盐池、灵武、中宁,陕西佳县、定边。采自黑沙篙、白刺、碱蓬、柠条锦鸡儿）。新种模式标本均存于南开大学生物系。     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHYTOCORIS FALLEN (HE-TEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) FROM CHINA

Abstract In this paper, two new species of the genus Phytocoris Fallen ( Ph. nitrariae sp. nov., Ph. macer sp. nov.) are described from China. Both of these two species belong to the subgenus Sooso-capsus Wagner when Wagner's system (1970) is used.     

中国四川伪巨须隐翅虫亚属四新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,巨须隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国四川巨须隐翅虫属Oxyporus Fablicius,伪巨须隐翅虫亚属subgenus Pseudoxyporus 4新种,其中,半黑伪巨须隐翅虫Oxyporus(Pseudoxyporus)heminigritus sp.nov.采自巴塘县竹笆笼自然保护区;九龙伪巨须隐翅虫O.(P.)jiulongus sp.nov.采自九龙县瓦灰山和木里县;端节伪巨须隐翅虫O.(P.)parajiulongus sp.nov.采自青川县唐家河自然保护区;肖氏伪巨须隐翅虫O.(P.)xiaoae sp.nov.采自冕宁县冶勒自然保护区。新种附有彩色整体外形图,其中的2个种配有特征图。编制了中国种的检索表。     

微果蝇属(双翅目,果蝇科)三新种记述

记述了分布在中国的双翅目果蝇科Drosophilidae微果蝇属Microdrosophila 3新种,基突微果蝇M.(Oxystyloptera)basiprojecta Zhang,sp.nov.、内折微果蝇M.(O.)vara Zhang,sp.nov.、三叉微果蝇M.(Microdrosophila)triaina Lu et Zhang,sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种M.(M.)fuscata.     

Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae

The spider genus Metabus (Tetragnathidae) previously included nine species: the type M. gravidus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 – junior synonym of Leucauge ocellata (Keyserling) – from Central America and eight species from Chile. In this paper, the classification of the Metabus species-complex is revised, and two new genera, with three new species and five new combinations, are described. Allende gen. nov. is created for four Chilean species not congeneric with the type of Metabus : the type A. puyehuensis sp. nov. , A. patagiatus (Simon) comb. nov. , A. nigrohumeralis (F. O. P.-Cambridge) comb. nov. and A. longipes (Nicolet) comb. nov. Further additions to the Chilean fauna are under the new genus Mollemeta gen. nov. – created for M. edwardsi (Simon) comb. nov. – and three new species of Chrysometa : C. acinosa sp. nov. , C. levii sp. nov. and C. maitae sp. nov. Metabus now includes four species: M. ocellatus (Keyserling) comb. nov. , M. debilis (O. P.-Cambridge) comb. nov. , M. ebanoverde sp. nov. and M. conacyt sp. nov. All of these species were included in a phylogenetic analysis of 38 tetragnathid and 12 orbicularian outgroup terminals scored for 105 morphological and behavioural characters. The results suggest that Metabus as previously circumscribed is polyphyletic. The phylogenetic relationships within tetragnathids are briefly discussed. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 151 , 285–335.     

中国云南省怒江峡谷短翼蚱科二新种(直翅目)

记述釆自云南省怒江峡谷地区短翼蚱科2新种,即突眼狭顶蚱Systolederus oculatus sp.nov.及高黎贡山波蚱Bolivaritettix gaoligongshanensis sp.nov.。突眼狭顶蚱近似于广西狭顶蚱Systolederus guangxiensis Zheng etJiang,1998及峨眉狭顶蚱Systolederus emeiensis Zheng,1998。突眼狭顶蚱与两种的区别为:1)侧面观前胸背板上缘平直;2)前胸背板后突到达后足胫节顶末端;3)雌性下生埴板后缘具3齿;4)后足胫节黑色,具淡色环。区别于广西狭顶蚱为:1)前胸背板前缘中央微凹;2)肩部之间不具1对短纵隆线。其又区别于峨眉狭顶蚱为:1)前胸背板中隆线全长明显;2)后翅到达后突的顶末端。高黎贡山波蚱近似于九万山波蚱Bolivaritettix juwanshanensis Zheng,2005及宽顶波蚱Bolivaritettix lativertex Brunner von Wattenwyl,1893。主要区别于二者为:1)颜面隆起纵沟宽狭于触角基节宽;2)肩角圆形;3)后突到达后足胫节2/3处;4)中足股节宽狭于前翅宽;5)后足股节上侧中隆线后段具3个突起。其又区别于九万山波蚱为:1)头顶宽为1眼宽的1.5倍;2)侧面观前胸背板上缘平直;3)后翅到达后突顶末端。     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)分类学研究及新定义的黄股妙蝇群三新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群,黄股妙蝇群Myospila femorataspecies-group,并描述该新种群3新种:弯端妙蝇Myospilaacrula sp.nov.,黄叶妙蝇Myospila flavilobulusa sp.nov.和绯角妙蝇Myospila ruficornica sp.nov.。文中给出了黄股妙蝇群的定义,编制了该新种群所有已知8种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。黄股妙蝇群的鉴别特征本文定义的黄股妙蝇群具备下列区别于妙蝇属其它成员的组合特征雄额狭,至多如单眼三角宽,触角黄色或黑色;前胸基腹片具毛;小盾片黑色,背面的正常毛被不越出缘鬃一线,且下侧缘无向下弯的、或多或少呈淡色的细毛;翅内鬃1+2或1+2;翅的前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黄色。R1脉背面通常具毛;R4+5脉基部具毛或裸。足主要呈黄色,但个别跗节呈暗色。在上述黄股妙蝇群的鉴别特征中,仅小盾片黑色,翅的前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黄色及足主要呈黄色这一组合特征是突出的、特有的,足以区别妙蝇属中前胸基腹片具毛,下腋瓣不具小叶(棘蝇型)和小盾片侧腹缘裸的类群。黄股妙蝇群的分种检索表1.触角通常橘黄色或暗红色,雄额宽等于或略狭于单眼三角宽,如果雄额狭窄如线,则触角呈黑色……………………………………2触角黑色,雄额宽通常等于前单眼宽,仅个别如单眼三角宽…62.翅内鬃1+1…………………………………………………………3翅内鬃1+2…………………………………………………………43.雄额宽约如头宽的的0.07倍,R1脉背面具稀疏毛,R4+5脉裸黄叶妙蝇,新种M.flavilobulusa sp.nov.……………………………雄额宽约如头宽的的0.05倍(据Shinonaga,2003),R1脉背面裸,R4+5脉背、腹面具毛……怯妙蝇M.pudica(Stein,1915)4.下后头具黄色毛………绯角妙蝇,新种M.ruficornica sp.nov.下后头具黑色毛……………………………………………………55.额宽约如前单眼宽或狭如线,触角黑色至黑褐色,背侧片裸,R1脉基半具毛,足基节黑色,腹第5背板全黑黄股妙蝇M.femorata(Malloch,1935)…………………………………………………额宽约如单眼三角宽,触角橘黄色或暗橘黄色,背侧片具毛,R1脉几乎全长具毛,足基节黑褐色,腹第5背板端部黄色黄尾妙蝇M.flavicauda Wei,1991…………………………………………6.雄额宽,约如单眼三角宽,下后头具黄色毛,跗节黑色弯端妙蝇,新种M.acrula sp.nov.…………………………………………雄额狭,仅约如前单眼宽,下后头具黑色毛,跗节黄色…………77.雄腹第3背板具1对小而略圆的斑,R1脉背面全长具毛暗基妙蝇M.fuscicoxa(Li,1980)…………………………………………雄腹第3背板无斑,R1脉背面基部1/3具毛类暗基妙蝇M.fuscicoxoides Xue et Lin,1996……………………………………1弯端妙蝇,新种M.acrula sp.nov.(图1～3)雄体长约8～9mm。在黄股妙蝇群中,新种前股黑色是独有的特征,新种与暗基妙蝇M.fuscicoxa(Li,1980)和类暗基妙蝇M.fuscicoxoidesXue et Lin,1996近缘,3者的区别详检索表的记述。正模♂,贵州平坝大坡林场(25°24.3’N,106°8.3’E;海拔1400m),2007年9月22日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华、张田等采。副模:3♂♂,同正模;1♂,贵州平坝城关林场,海拔1200m,2007年11月24,28日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华、张田等采;3♂♂,采集人及采集地同上,2007年12月22日;1♂,贵州安顺凤凰山林场,海拔1300m,2009年3月11日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华等采;2♂♂,贵州关岭红岩碑,海拔1000m,2009年1月18日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华等采;1♂,采集人及采集地同上,2009年2月18日;1♂,黄果树王安村,海拔1100m,人工松林,魏濂艨、蒋绍贵、曹维平、张宵等采,2009年1月18日;1♂,贵州关岭花江大峡谷,海拔640m,2009年1月6～15日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、龙彪、张波、刘美华等采;1♂,采集地同上,2009年12月9日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采;1♂,贵州关岭断桥,海拔500m,2008年3月18日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、金伟等采;1♂,安顺市对门山,海拔1300m,2009年1月1日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采集;5♂♂,贵州紫云浪风关林场,海拔1300m,2009年2月22日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、吴建霖、刘美华等采;3♂♂,采集人及采集地同上,2009年3月22～31日;2♂♂,贵州普定城关林场,海拔1200m,2009年9月12日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、王玉胜等采;1♂,采集人及采集地同上,2009年9月9日;1♂,贵州普定猴场普屯坝,海拔1500m,2007年10月20～21日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华、吴建霖、张田、寿天虹、顾鸥等采;1♂,贵州普定补郎35公桩,海拔1550m,2009年9月1～30日;魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、龙彪等采;7♂♂,贵州安顺轿子山林场,海拔1500m,2007年10月1～30日,魏濂艨、曹维平、龙彪、刘美华等采;1♂,采集人及采集地同上,2009年6月1～30日。词源:新种种名源自希腊词acrul意为"端部弯曲的",在此指新种类雄肛尾叶端部弯曲。2黄叶妙蝇,新种M.flavilobulusa sp.nov.(图4～6)雄体长约5.8mm。新种十分类似怯妙蝇M.pudica(Stein,1915),两者的区别详检索表的记述。正模♂,贵州关岭花江大峡谷(25°41.94’N,105°36.1’E;海拔640m),2009年9月11日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。副模:1♂,采集地及采集人同正模,2008年11月29～30日;1♂,采集地同正模,2008年11月2～4日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、寿天虹等采;1♂,贵州关岭断桥,海拔600m,2009年11月2～4日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华、龙彪等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词flav意为"黄色",lobulusa意为"叶",在此指新种雄第5腹板侧叶黄色。3绯角妙蝇,新种M.ruficornica sp.nov.(图7～9)雄体长约5.8mm。新种十分类似黄股妙蝇M.femorata(Malloch,1935)和黄尾妙蝇M.flavicauda Wei,1991,3者的区别详检索表的记述。正模♂,贵州关岭花江大峡谷(25°41.94’N,105°36.1’E;海拔640m),2008年11月29～30日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词ruf意为"暗红色",cornice意为"触角",在此指新种触角呈暗红色。     

NEW OCTOPODS (CEPHALOPODA: COLEOIDEA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS (UPPER CENOMANIAN) OF HÂKEL AND HÂDJOULA, LEBANON

Abstract:  Three previously unknown octopods are described from Upper Cenomanian limestones of the Hâqel and Hâdjoula localities (Lebanon). Keuppia levante gen. nov., sp. nov., Keuppia hyperbolaris gen. nov,. sp. nov. and Styletoctopus annae gen. nov, . sp. nov. are regarded as the earliest representatives of the Octopoda (= Incirrata). This assumption is mainly based on their medially isolated bipartite gladius vestige. As can be inferred from growth increments, Keuppia gen. nov. can be distinguished from the genus Palaeoctopus by blades that grow forwards along their longitudinal axis. The gladius vestige of Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov. differs from that of Keuppia levante sp. nov. in having a more heterogeneous course of growth lines. Based on a pair of widely separated stylets, which closely resemble the rods of modern octopods, Styletoctopus annae gen. nov., sp. nov. is assigned to the Recent family Octopodidae. Peculiar encrustations, which are situated in close association with the gladius vestiges of Keuppia levante sp. nov., Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov., and Styletoctopus annae sp. nov. are interpreted as basal fin cartilages. The gladius vestige morphology of Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov. and Keuppia levante sp. nov. opens the possibility that both the Octopda and the Cirroctopoda originated from loligosepiid vampyropods instead of teudopseid. The surprising existence of a stylet-like gladius vestige in Styletoctopus annae sp. nov. suggests that the octopod clade branched off much earlier than previously believed. Octopod apomorphies such as the development of stylets, loss of fins and cirri must have been occurred before the Cenomanian.