Potential significance of medicinal plants in forensic analysis: A review

Medicinal plants are a two-edged sword that might be exploited as a treatment specific dosage, and as deadly poisonous substances to commit murder or suicide when administered in high doses. Forensic experts can collect traces and residual materials from these toxic medicinal plants at a crime scene as forensic evidence. Further, more investigations need to be deeply implemented to in the future to understand the significance of medicinal plants in forensic investigations to detect these criminal offenses. Additionally, to provides a deep understanding of chemical substances that can impact human life positively or negatively with different doses as well as identifying the optimal or overdose concentrations for either treatments or poisonous effects using recent biotechnological approaches. This review aims to illustrate different contributions and the significance of medicinal plants in the field and further employment in the context of forensic science, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

解决法医学问题的新工具：微生物群落

生物痕迹往往成为刑事侦查案件中的突破口,比如在涉及个人识别、嫌疑人追踪或者死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)等法医学问题上,生物源性证据往往发挥着至关重要的作用。目前,许多传统的法医学方法仍在沿用,但研究者们试图发现新的法医学工具,以此来弥补传统方法的不足或者为法医学实践增加新的思路和方法。得益于测序技术的发展,研究者们发现机体内外的微生物数量要远远超过细胞的数量,它们在地点溯源、个人识别、死亡时间的推断、生物犯罪及环境保护等方面均有着不小的应用价值。本文对这方面的研究进展进行了介绍。     

Biotechnology in schools: The UK experience

Biotechnology has gained a significant presence in shcool teaching in the United Kingdom over the past decade. This process has been encouraged by some centrally funded initiatives, but has also been due to the efforts of several independent individuals and groups who have recognized the need to focus on this burgeoning area of scientific research and development, and the contribution that it can make to enlivening the curriculum. Developments in the UK have both benefited from and contributed to similar projects overseas. Biotechnology is set to become increasingly prominent in socio-economic terms for the foreseeable future. It is vital that this is reflected in our educational system and that the preliminary work in this respect is allowed to evolve concurrently.     

超声波在生物工程中的应用

研究发现在酶和细胞催化的生物反应过程中,较低强度的超声作用可提高酶的催化活性或加速细胞的代谢过程。本文主要简述超声波作用的物理机制并对其在生物工程中的应用前景进行讨论。     

生物技术在我国渔业中的应用

论述了近十几年来我国渔业生物技术的研究进展及应用成果。主要内容有基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程、酶工程在我国渔业中的研究、应用情况。     

生物技术发展趋势与预测

预测了未来10～20年内生物技术在人类医学领域、农业生物技术领域、工业生物技术领域、生物计算学领域、材料学领域、生物工程领域和环境生物工程领域的主要发展趋势,对生物技术的发展进程也作了预测,并对生物技术在人类疾病治疗方面、农业领域、工业领域、数学领域、材料学科、生物工程方面和环境生物工程领域作出了实际预测。     

国外生物技术产业发展政策研究

全球生物技术产业尚处于发展时期,政府的政策对技术的进步和产业的发展有明显的导向和促进作用。对美国、欧洲等国家和地区的产业政策进行综合研究,发现这些生物技术产业相对发达的国家和地区,尤其是美国,其产业政策已成体系,而且可操作性强,对产业的推动作用明显,具有相当的可借鉴意义。从组织管理结构、科研投入机制、鼓励研发创新、财税支持方式、资本市场培育、产业基地建设、中介服务网络构建、人才培养与引进、以及国际合作等方面对国际上行之有效的生物技术产业政策进行了归纳分析 。     

香蕉生物技术研究现状与展望

本文对香蕉生物技术研究现状进行了全面的概括,包括微繁殖、脱病毒、人工种子、诱变育种、单克隆抗体用于病毒检测、转基因受体及基因转化等,并对今后香蕉生物技术的发展重点进行了讨论。     

Role of Biotechnology in the Treatment of Polyester Fabric

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibre [PET] is the commonly used fibre for majority of end-use applications, however, the desire for improved textile properties such as wettability or hydrophilicity are increasing. Biotechnology can be defined as the application of scientific and engineering to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. The environmental issues associated with the textile processing are not new. Currently and in the years to come, besides lower cost of operation, improved durability, wear comfort and development of new attributes for textiles, the new criteria for judging the new processes is ecology. This paves the way for biotechnology. This article throws light on the applications of enzymes for the treatment of polyester fabrics.     

Biotechnology: Paper alert

A selection of interesting papers that were published in the two months before our press date in major journals most likely to report significant results in biotechnology.     

中度嗜盐菌在生物技术中的应用

生存于盐环境下的中度嗜盐菌在生物技术方面具有很多潜在的应用价值。其中,中度嗜盐菌在盐发酵食品加工业和食品添加剂中已经被广泛应用;由中度嗜盐菌分泌的胞外酶如淀粉酶、脂肪酶等能够在高盐环境下继续保持较高的活力;中度嗜盐菌细胞内积累的多种类相容性溶质也可以作为生物大分子稳定剂以及抗冻剂等;其它如其产生的生物表面活性剂、多聚糖类物质能够在石油回收和生物修复中进行应用等。     

Pollen molecular biology: Applications in the forensic palynology and future prospects: A review

Palynology, which is the study of pollen and spores in an archaeological or geological context, has become a well-established research tool leading to many significant scientific developments. The term palynomorph includes pollen of spermatophytes, spores of fungi, ferns, and bryophytes, as well as other organic-walled microfossils, such as dinoflagellates and acritarches. Advances in plant genomics have had a high impact on the field of forensic botany. Forensic palynology has also been used and applied more recently to criminal investigation in a meaningful way. However, the use of pollen DNA profiling in forensic investigations has yet to be applied. There were earlier uses of dust traces in some forensic analyses that considered pollen as a type of botanical dust debris. Pollen grains can be studied for comparative morphological data, clues to unexpected aspects relating to breeding systems, pollination biology and hybridization. This can provide a better understanding of the entire biology of the group under investigation. Forensic palynology refers to the use of pollen and other spores when it is used as evidence in legal cases to resolve criminal issues by proving or disproving relationships between people and crime scenes. This overview describes the various contributions and the significance of palynology, its applications, different recent approaches and how it could be further employed in solving criminal investigations.     

生物技术在传统药材生产中的应用前景

生物技术在传统药材生产中的应用前景刘涤胡之璧（上海中医药大学中药生物工程研究室,上海２０００３２）我国的中药材是一个具有数千年历史的医药宝库,至今仍在中国和许多国家和地区广为使用。传统药材中,８０％为野生资源,但由于盲目挖掘,不仅使野生资源日益减少,而且严重破坏了自然界的生态平衡;人工种植又面临品质退化,农药污染和种子带病等问题。而且,人工种植的药材,活性成分的种类和数量往往因地区及气候不同...     

生物技术在食品工业中的应用

生物技术是一门新兴的高新技术 ,对解决人类面临的食物、资源、健康、环境等重大问题发挥着越来越大的作用。根据国内外食品工业领域中生物技术的研究应用状况 ,主要阐述生物技术在功能食品开发、食品疫苗、海洋食物资源开发利用和啤酒工业中等方面的研究进展。     

Pulsed-field electrophoresis in contour-clamped homogenous electric fields (CHEF) for fingerprinting of Rhizobium spp

Abstract: A pulsed-field gel electrophoretic method based on contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) was developed for the analysis of natural isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae . The procedure involves the use of 'rare-cutting' endonucleases. The separation of genomic DNA fragments with split runs ( τ = 5 s for 15 h followed by τ = 12 s for 9 h) allows a clear definition of profiles with bands ranging from 20–300-kb pairs. Two and a half days are sufficient to reproducibly accomplish the procedure from cell lysis to gel picture. The method can be used for different fast-growing rhizobia.     

体细胞胚胎发生在柑桔生物技术中的应用

本文概述体细胞胚胎发生在柑桔原生质体培养、花药培养、苗木脱毒、胚乳培养、快速繁殖、抗盐突变体筛选和基因工程等研究领域的应用,并对胚胎发生在柑桔生物技术上的应用提出一些看法。     

Entomology and the forensic scientist: How insects can solve crimes

Forensic entomology, the application of insect biology to criminal investigations, is a powerful tool in forensic science, as yet not fully exploited. Some examples of its use are described to illustrate the importance of this field of biology     

Application of the restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) method to rice cultivars as a new fingerprinting technique

The restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) method was applied to rice, using two Japanese cultivars, Nipponbare and Koshihikari, and a Chinese landrace, LiuZhou'Bao'Ya'Zao'. More than 3000 landmarks were detected as spots on the individual autoradiograms of each cultivar. Nipponbare and LiuZhou' Bao'Ya'Zao' showed apparently different RLGS profiles, from which the genetic similarity (GS) between them was estimated as 0.344. Although the two Japanese cultivars, Nipponbare and Koshihikari showed quite similar RLGS profiles, they were easily distinguished on the basis of the presence or absence of specific spots; the GS value between them was calculated as 0.980. The RLGS method is shown to be a powerful fingerprinting technique, especially for the classification and identification of cultivars in rice and probably in other crops as well.