杂交稻及其亲本幼苗根部K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的通量和向上运输

用通量分析研究三系杂交稻与亲本幼苗根部K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的通量与区域化。威优49和威优35的φ_(co)和φ_vc小于父、母本,而t_(c/2)和t_(v/2)则大于父、母本,表明F_1根部细胞质膜和液泡膜的持K~+能力强。若考虑K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的向上运输,则F_1的t_(c/2)小于母本而与父本相近。虽然F_1根部K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的区域化值与父、母本之间不存在明显的关系,但是F_1的J_(oc)和J_(cx)都高于母本,与父本相近。可见F~1在根部细胞质膜和液泡膜的持K~+能力方面有超亲现象,而与主动吸收机理有关的参数则靠近吸收和向上运输K~+效率高的父本,     

吲哚乙酸对向日葵下胚轴生长区单向K~+(~(86)Rb~+)通量的影响

植物生长素在刺激某些植物组织生长的同时促进K~+吸收和H~+分泌(Hager等1971,Cleland1975,赖寿鹏和倪晋山1983),可能是由于生长素刺激位于植物细胞质膜上的H~+泵ATP酶(Scherer 1984,赖寿鹏和倪晋山1985)。但以往的文献中只测定了生长素促进的植物组织对K~+的净吸收速率,即组织中K~+的累积速率或吸收溶液中K~+的减少速率。自从MacRobbie和Dainty(1958)首先运用放射性     

元麦叶切段与其原生质体的~(86)Rb~ 吸收及H~ 分泌的比较分析

叶切段和原生质体的~(86)Rb 吸收在1 h内与时间成正比,H~ 分泌在pH 5.4～5.6时明显减弱。两者的~(86)Rb~ 吸收和H~ 分泌对FC、CCCP、DES、DCMU、NaN_3、黑暗处理的反应程度相似。酶处理及脱壁没有使~(86)Rb~ 吸收和H~ 分泌发生很大的改变。 高渗条件下的叶切段的~(86)Rb~ 吸收速率比等水势条件下的快,但两者对上述多种处理的反应程度相似。~(86)Rb~ 吸收都与时间成正比。等渗及高渗条件下的叶切段的H~ 分泌对供气不足的敏感性相似。高渗处理没有使~(86)Rb~ 吸收的基本机制发生很大的改变。 0.6 M甘露醇的高渗条件下的叶切段的~(86)Rb~ 吸收速率比0.4 M甘露醇的高渗溶液下的叶切段大得多。说明膨压不是~(86)Rb~ 吸收的调节信号。 漂浮叶切段没有供氧不足的现象,DCMU处理不能使叶切段及原生质体的~(86)Rb~ 吸收和H~ 分泌减少到黑暗水平,说明氧化磷酸化和光合磷酸化均与物质运输的能量有关。     

空心莲子草、大豆和向日葵根部K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的吸收和通量分析

与大豆、向日葵相比,空心莲子草根系具有一个较高效率的K~+吸收机制。它的K_m值很小,I_m值又较高。空心莲子草根系将K~+向地上部运输的能力也比大豆和向日葵高得多。 上述三种植物根组织K~+含量的差异主要是因为液泡中含K~+量的不同,而细胞质的含K~+量影响不大。其中,参数K_cv/K_vc的比值可以表示液泡积累K~+的特征,并且也决定着不同植物根组织积累K~+的能力。     

耐低钾籼稻幼苗根部的K~ (~(86)Rb~ )运输和通量分析

用通量分析的方法比较研究籼稻73—07和税稻80—66根部K~ (~(86)Rb~ )的吸收和运输的差异。耐低钾的籼稻73—07根部吸收和运输K~ (~(86)Rb~ )的速率显著高于不耐低钾的釉稻80—66。前者的J_(oc)和J_(cx)分别为后者的5.9和5.6倍。籼稻73—07根部的Q_c和Q_v均高于籼稻80—66。由于上运速度快,籼稻73—07的t_c/2显著小于籼稻80—66,表明籼稻73—07根部的K~ (~(86)Rb~ )周转快,有利于根部从低钾介质中吸收K~ 。     

空心莲子草、大豆和向日葵叶组织K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的吸收和通量分析

空心莲子草叶片K~+吸收的K_m比大豆和向日葵的要高,但I_m都相近。空心莲子草根系的溢泌速率及溢泌液中K~+浓度都比大豆和向日葵的高。后两者的溢泌速率相近,但向日葵根系溢泌液中K~+浓度却高于大豆。 这三种植物叶组织K~+含量因液泡的含K~+量不同而有明显差别。而液泡含K~+量和K_cv/K_cv的比值相一致。     

不同海拔地区种植的水稻于抽穗前后饲喂~(14)C的最终分配

本文比较了在海拔400米、1600米和2000米地区种植的水稻,于孕穗期和灌浆期分别饲喂的~(14)C黄熟期在营养体和米及谷壳中的分配百分数。并结合库/源比例,就不同地区的生境条件讨论了三地间~(14)C最终在水稻不同部位分配的差异。     

氮肥对不同海拔地区种植的水稻开花前后饲喂的~(14)C最终分配的影响

本文对不同海拔地区不同施肥方式(基肥/穗肥比例)下种植的水稻于开花前后饲喂的~(14)C最终在营养体和米及谷壳中的分配比例作了比较,表明不同海拔地区和不同施肥方式造成的孕穗期饲喂的~(14)C最终在营养体的百分数取决于营养体大小(r=0.9449);灌浆期饲喂的~(14)C最终在米中分配的百分数取决于库/源比(r=0.9503)。     

σ~(38)和RMF对有关基因表达调控的研究

将大肠杆菌的rpoS和rmf基因突变型和野生型菌株分别培养在营养丰富的LB培养基和成分有限的EP培养基上。在相同条件下,进入稳定期后的突变型菌株的活细胞数低于野生菌株。采用 Western blot方法测定了不同基因产物在稳定期的变化。σ~(38)对RNA聚合酶核心酶亚单位结构基因 rpoA、rpoB、rpoC以及groEs和tufA基因的表达影响不大,能抑制crp和促进rmf的表达。RMF在营养丰富的条件下对rpoA、rpoD,groEl、rho、tufA和ompA基因的表达有促进作用,而在EP条件下的影响并不明显,对crp和rpoS的表达分别有抑制和促进作用。     

Ca~(++)促进大麦根K~+吸收的过程分析

吸收溶液中CaCl_2促进了大麦根K~+净吸收,Ca~(++)本身对H~+分泌无影响,Cl~-减少了H~+净分泌量。 含有~(86)Rb的大麦根在1m mol/L KCl溶液中发生~(86)Rb外流,在H_2O、1m mol/L NaCl或0.5 m mol/L CaCl_2中没有明显外流。VO_4~(3-)、NaN_3和4℃低温均可以减少根段在1m mol/L KCl溶液中的~(86)Rb外流量。Ca~(++)抑制K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的外流,EDTA加剧外流,Ca~(++)可以逆转EDTA的效应。 Ca~(++)抑制K~+(~(86)Rb)外流和促进K~+净吸收的趋势相吻合。K~+吸收的通量分析结果表明,Ca~(++)抑制K~+通过质膜的外流,促进K~+由细胞质向液泡中转运,而不影响K~+通过质膜的内流速率。     

稀土离子(La~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Yb~(3+))对人红细胞膜Na~+/K~+ ATPase作用的初步研究

本文以低渗法从新鲜健康人红细胞中制得膜Na~+/K~+ ATPase,用于研究四种鑭系稀土离子(La~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Yb~(3+))对该酶的影响。结果表明,四种鑭系离子都对红细胞膜Na~+/K~+ ATPase的活性有抑制作用。当反应体系中的稀土离子浓度达50μmol/L时,Na~+/K~+ ATPase的活性所剩不多;低于50μmol/L鑭系离子时,以Nd~(3+)的抑制作用最强;金属离子螯合剂能阻止稀土离子对Na~+/K~+ ATPase的抑制作用。此项研究为稀土的生物效应的理论提供了一些新的证据。     

嗜血细胞综合征患儿外周血CD_4~+CD_(25)~+调节性T细胞变化及临床意义

目的观察嗜血细胞综合征(hemophagocytic syndrome,HPS)患儿外周血中调节性T细胞(RegulatoryTcells,Treg细胞)的变化,探讨其在HPS发病中的作用及临床意义。方法应用流式细胞仪检测17例初诊HPS患者(初诊组)、11例经诱导治疗后临床缓解者(缓解组)及20例健康人群(对照组)外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞。结果与对照组相比较,HPS患者初诊组及缓解组外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞均升高(P0.05)。与初诊组相比较,缓解组CD4+CD25+Treg细胞降低(P0.05),但仍高于正常对照组(P0.05)。结论CD4+CD25+Treg细胞增多可能是HPS患者免疫功能受抑的重要原因之一,其变化对于HPS的预后判断有一定的意义。     

Control of K+ (Rb+) influx and transport with changed internal K+ concentration and age in two varieties of barley

The influx of Rb⁺ into the roots of two barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Salve and cv. Ingrid) from a K⁺-free ⁸⁶Rb-labelled nutrient solution with 2.0 mM Rb⁺, was checked at intervals from day 6 to day 18. The control plants were continuously grown in complete nutrient solution containing 5.0 mM K⁺, while two other groups of plants were grown in K⁺-free nutrient solution starting on day 6 and between day 6 and day 9, respectively. The pattern of Rb⁺ influx was similar for both varieties, although their efficiencies in absorbing Rb⁺ were different. The relationship between Rb⁺ influx and K⁺ concentration of the root could be interpreted in terms of negative feedback through allosteric control of uptake across the plasmalemma of the root cells. Hill plots were bimodal, but in the opposite direction. The Hill coefficients, reflecting the minimum number of interacting allosteric binding sites for K⁺ (Rb⁺), were low (≤–3.0). It is discussed whether the threshold value, that is the breaking point in the Hill plot, is indicative of a changed efficiency of transporting units for K⁺ (Rb⁺) transport to the xylem. Moreover, feedback regulation might be involved in transport of K⁺ between root and shoot. The variation in K⁺ concentrations in the roots and shoots of control plants were cyclic but in phase opposition despite an exponential growth. The average K⁺ concentration varied only slightly with age.     

Characterization of a 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-responsive capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in rat osteoblast-like cells

We investigated the existence of a capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) pathway in ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells and its responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Depletion of inner Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin or 1,25(OH)2D3 in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ transiently elevated cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i); after recovery of basal values, Ca2+ re-addition to the medium markedly increased Ca2+ entry, reflecting pre-activation of a CCE pathway. Recovery of the Ca2+ overshoot that followed the induced CCE was mainly mediated by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the declining phase of the thapsigargin-induced CCE did not modify further [Ca2+]i, indicating that steroid activation of CCE was dependent on store depletion. Pre-treatment with 1 microM Gd3+ inhibited 30% both thapsigargin- and 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated CCE, whereas 2.5 microM Gd3+ was required for maximal inhibition ( approximately 85%). The activated CCE was permeable to both Mn2+ and Sr2+. Mn2+ entry sensitivity to Gd3+ was the same as that of the CCE. However, 1-microM Gd3+ completely prevented capacitative Sr2+ influx, whereas subsequent Ca2+ re-addition was reduced only 30%. These results suggest that in ROS 17/2.8 cells CCE induced by thapsigargin or 1,25(OH)2D3 is contributed by at least two cation entry pathways: a Ca2+/Mn2+ permeable route insensitive to very low micromolar (1 microM) Gd3+ accounting for most of the CCE and a minor Ca2+/Sr2+/Mn2+ permeable route highly sensitive to 1 microM Gd3+. The Ca2+-mobilizing agonist ATP also stimulated CCE resembling the Ca2+/Sr2+/Mn2+ permeable entry activated by 1,25(OH)2D3. The data demonstrates for the first time, the presence of a hormone-responsive CCE pathway in an osteoblast cell model, raising the possibility that it could be an alternative Ca2+ influx route through which osteotropic agents influence osteoblast Ca2+ homeostasis. Copyright Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

^15N标记稻草中N,C在羊体内的转化和利用

应用~(13)N标记稻草饲喂3只山羊,以探明羊对稻草N、C化合物的消化、吸收、排泄和转化规律。结果表明,已宰杀的2只羊消化、吸收、转化为羊机体的~(15)N占试验日粮中~(15)N富集总量的38.54和23.78％,平均为31.16％。3只羊从粪尿中排泄的~(15)N各占饲料中~(15)N的34.78、33.88和33.18％,平均为33.95±0.80％,已屠宰的2只羊对饲料~(15)N总回收率为73.32和56.96％,损失率为26.68和43.04％。饲料~(15)N的回收利用率与饲料中氨基酸的消化率(％)相吻合。1、2、3号羊对饲料碳水化合物的消化率分别为76.40、68.66和65.19％。其中饲喂2、3号羊的饲料中都含稻草50％左右,羊对碳水化合物的平均消化率为66.93％。