Volatile constituents in the liverwort Tritomaria polita

The essential oil of the liverwort Tritomaria polita, collected in Otztal/Tyrol (Austria), was investigated by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Several new compounds were isolated by preparative gas chromatography (GC) and their structures investigated by mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR techniques. In addition to known constituents, the sesquiterpenoids (+)-eudesma-3,11-dien-8-one, (+)-eudesma-3,7(11)-dien-8-one, (+)-6,11-epoxy-eudesmane, (-)-6,7-seco-eudesm-7(11)-en-6-al, (+)-6beta-hydroxy-eudesm-11-ene, (-)-6alpha-hydroxy-eudesm-11-ene, (+)-6,11-epoxy-isodaucane could be identified as natural compounds for the first time.     

GC-MS法分析曼陀罗挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从曼陀罗中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量.结果从曼陀罗挥发油中鉴定出58种化合物,占总挥发油量的92.37%.其中主要成分为5,6-二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(44.29%)、二苯胺(12.50%)、四十四烷(10.41%)、二十烷(4.19%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(2.38%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(2.28%)等.     

Relationship between frost tolerance and sugar concentration of various bryophytes in summer and winter

Summary Frost resistance, measured via the photosynthetic capacity after freeze-thaw treatment, and concentrations of sucrose, glucose and fructose of thalli of seven species of Bryidae and one species of Marchantiidae were determined from January to March and June to September, respectively. A distinct increase in cold tolerance from summer to winter was found in Polytrichum formosum Hedw., Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) Kop., Plagiomnium affine (Funck) Kop., Mnium hornum Hedw. and Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda. While the frost resistance of the musci differed in summer and winter by 15° to more than 25° C, the hardening capacity of the thalloid liverwort was comparably low. Except in Mnium hornum, the increase in frost hardiness was accompanied by rise of the sucrose concentration in the cells, but insignificant changes in glucose and fructose contents. In contrast, Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. already exhibited high frost tolerances in summer, which coincided with high sucrose levels in the tissue, comparable to those found in other musci during the winter. Highly frost-resistant musci had total sugar concentrations around 90–140 mM, of which at least 80% and often more than 90% was sucrose. Artificial degradation of sucrose during exposure of mosses to higher temperatures resulted in a decline in cold hardiness. The results signify that the concentration of sugars, mainly of sucrose, may be important for the frost tolerance of bryophytes.     

Volatile components from European liverworts Marsupella emarginata,M. aquatica and M. alpina

The hydrodistillation products of the liverworts Marsupella emarginata, M. aquatica and M. alpina were investigated by spectroscopic methods. A number of new compounds could be isolated by preparative gas chromatography (GC) and identified by spectroscopic techniques including GC-mass spectrometry, NMR and chemical correlations in conjunction with enantioselective GC. From M. emarginata, in addition to many known compounds, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (-)-7-epi-eremophila-1(10),8,11-triene (1) and the sesquiterpene derivatives (-)-4-epi-marsupellol (2), (-)-marsupellol acetate (18), (-)-4-epi-marsupellol acetate (4), (+)-5-hydroxymarsupellol acetate (5) and (-)-9-acetoxygymnomitr-8(12)-ene (24) could be identified. In M. aquatica the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (-)-myltayl-8(12)-ene (7), ent-(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene (8), (-)-amorpha-4,7(11)-diene (9), the sesquiterpene alcohol (+)-9-hydroxyselina-4,11-diene (10) and (-)-2-acetoxyamorpha-4,7(11)-diene (11) were identified. In M. alpina (-)-trans-selina-4(15),11-dien-5-ol (12), (+)-8,9-epoxyselina-4,11-diene (13) and (+)-cis-selina-4(15),11-dien-5-ol (14) were found as new natural products.     

Sesquiterpene constituents from the essential oil of the liverwort Plagiochila asplenioides

The essential oil of the liverwort Plagiochila asplenioides from two different locations in Northern Germany were investigated by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Seven compounds were isolated by preparative gas chromatography (GC) and their structures investigated by mass spectrometry (MS), NMR techniques and chemical correlations in combination with enantioselective GC. In addition to known constituents, aromadendra-1(10),3-diene, two aromatic sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, bisabola-1,3,5,7(14)-tetraene and bisabola-1,3,5,7-tetraene, three sesquiterpene ethers, muurolan-4,7-peroxide, plagiochilines W and X, in addition to ent-4-epi-maaliol, could be identified as natural compounds for the first time.     

Observations on Chromosomes of Fourteen Moss Species from the Qinling Range,China

The chromosome numbers in fourteen moss species from the Qinling Range, and karyotype of Mnium lycopodioides are reported in this paper. Immature capsules were used as material. Bryum capillare L. ex Hedw was found. to have n = 10; Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr. n = 6 with the karyotype formula n = 6 = 3m+3sm (1SAT); Plagiomnium maximoviczii (Lindl.)T. Kop. n=6; Bartramia halleriana var. elongate Turn. n=10+2m; Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt. n= 11; Thuidium philibertii Limpr. n= 10+m; Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Wils.) Loesk. n=10; Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. n = 7+3m; Campylium chrysophyllus (Brid.) J. Lange. n = 10; Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) B. S. G. n=6; Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. n=6; Brotherella yokohamae (Broth.)Broth. n= 9+2m; Gollamia neckerella (C. MÜll. )Broth. N=7; Pogonatum fastigiatum Mitt. n = 7. No report on the chromosome number of Brotherella yokohamae and Gollania neckerella has been found. The chromosome numbers in Brachythecium starkei andBrachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. are different from previous reports, while the others are in accordance with the previous reports.     

Sesquiterpene constituents from the liverwort Bazzania japonica

The hydrodistillation products of the liverwort Bazzania japonica were separated by preparative gas chromatography (GC) and investigated by spectroscopic methods. Seven unknown compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS and NMR. Four of them, the norsesquiterpene hydrocarbons 4-epi-11-nor-aristola-1(10),11-diene (1), 4-epi-11-nor-aristola-1,9,11-triene (2), 4-epi-11-nor-aristola-9,11-diene (3), and one oxygenated sesquiterpene, (-)-aristol-1(10)-en-12-ol (5) are new natural compounds, and one, (+)-himachala-2,4-diene (7), has for the first time been isolated from liverworts. The absolute configurations of 5 and 7 were derived by chemical correlation reactions and/or enantioselective GC using cyclodextrin phases. 1, 2 and 3 have identical absolute configuration.     

Phytochemical Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Roots from Northeastern Brazil

This article describes the phytochemical study of Cannabis sativa roots from northeastern Brazil. The dried plant material was pulverized and subjected to exhaustive maceration with ethanol at room temperature, obtaining the crude ethanolic extract (Cs-EEBR). The volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which allowed to identify 22 compounds by comparing the linear retention index (LRI), the similarity index (SI) and the fragmentation pattern of the constituents with the literature. By this technique the major compounds identified were: friedelan-3-one and β-sitosterol. In addition, two fractions were obtained from Cs-EEBR by classical column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. These fractions were analyzed by NMR and IR and together with the mass spectrometry data allowed to identify the compounds: epifriedelanol, friedelan-3-one, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The study contributed to the phytochemical knowledge of Cannabis sativa, specifically the roots, as there are few reports on the chemical constituents of this part of the plant.     

Sesquiterpenes of the liverwort Scapania undulata

The essential oil of the liverwort Scapania undulata, collected in the Harz mountains, Northern Germany, was analysed by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and several new components were isolated and investigated by various NMR techniques. As new natural compounds the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+)-helminthogermacrene (1) [the 4Z-isomer of germacrene A (9)], (-)-cis-beta-elemene (2) as a Cope-rearrangement product of 1, (+)-beta-isolongibornene (3) and (-)-perfora-1,7-diene (4) could be identified. 1 has an identical mass spectrum and identical GC retention time on a non-polar stationary phase as germacrene A (9) but is considerably more stable than the latter. The Cope-rearrangement of 1 proceeds slowly at 350 degrees C and (-)-cis-beta-elemene (2) is formed together with small amounts of other diastereoisomers.     

Chemical study of the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus.

Minor constituents of the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus have been investigated. The three new sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (-)-isorotundene, (-)-cypera-2,4(15)-diene, (-)-norrotundene and the ketone (+)-cyperadione were isolated and their structures elucidated. The absolute configuration of (-)-rotundene was derived by chemical correlation and enantioselective gas chromatography.     

一株地衣内生真菌Daldinia childiae的化学成分

本研究对分离自星点梅衣属地衣Punctelia sp.的一株内生真菌蔡氏轮层炭壳菌Daldinia childiae进行大米固体发酵培养,乙酸乙酯萃取发酵产物,采用硅胶柱色谱法、重结晶等方法分离纯化次生代谢产物,结合核磁共振波谱与质谱技术对单体化合物进行结构解析,运用DPPH法测定化合物的自由基清除能力.结果分离得到8...     

Isolation and identification of potential cancer chemopreventive agents from methanolic extracts of green onion (Allium cepa)

Phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes confer amelioration of risk arising from potentially carcinogenic chemicals derived both endogenously, and exogenously, from food and the environment. In this study, efforts were made to isolate and identify potentially cancer preventive constituents from methanolic extracts of green onion (Allium cepa) directed by the quinone reductase (QR) induction bioassay using murine hepatoma (Hepa 1c1c7) cells. Crude methanolic extracts of green onion tissue were solvent-partitioned, and subsequently fractionated by flash chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high pressure preparative liquid chromatography to afford pure QR-inducing isolates. Multiple isolates were found active at inducing QR. One newly identified compound, 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-propylsulfanyl-5H-furan-2-one (3), and four known compounds: 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (1), acetovanillone (2), methyl 4-hydroxyl cinnamate (4) and ferulic acid methyl ester (5), were isolated and identified as active agents.     

Essential Oil Composition of Different Plant Parts from Croatian Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. and Petasites hybridus (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (Asteraceae)

Essential oil compositions of fresh leaves, flower stems and rhizomes obtained by hydrodistillation from different Croatian populations of Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. and Petasites hybridus (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (four of each species) were investigated using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Altogether, 118 constituents were identified, accounting for 81.19–96.81 % of total oil composition. All essential oils were characterized by oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with distinct compounds recorded for both investigated species. Clear separation between the two species was confirmed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. This is the first study that recorded intraspecific variations of essential oil constituents from P. albus and P. hybridus. Obtained results could contribute to the understanding of their medicinal and nutritional value.     

Aggregation pheromone of Metamasius spinolae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): chemical analysis and field test

Male Metamasius spinolae (Gylh.) produce several volatile compounds that are likely constituents of its aggregation pheromone. These compounds were identified by volatile collections and gas chromatography (GC), followed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), as 2-methyl-4-heptanone [1], 6-methyl-2hepten-4-one [2], and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone [3]. Preliminary field experiments using synthetic racemates of these compounds showed that significantly more adult cactus weevils were caught in traps baited with the major single compound three or the 2 + 3 binary combination than in unbaited control traps. However, highest trap efficacy occurred with the 1 + 2 binary combination and a blend of all three synthetic compounds plus prickly pear. Potential uses for the cactus weevil pheromone and possible ways to increase trap captures are discussed.     

Sesquiterpene constituents from the essential oils of the liverworts Mylia taylorii and Mylia nuda

The essential oils and extracts of Mylia taylorii and M. nuda were investigated by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and chemical correlations. Beside several known compounds 13 new constituents including three new carbon skeletons could be identified. Four hydrocarbons with a molecular formula of C₁₅H₂₂ (m/z 202) were identified as myli-4(15)-ene (1), aromadendra-1(10),4(15)-diene (19), aromadendra-4,10(14)-diene (20) and aromadendra-4,9-diene (21). Three oxaspiro-compounds were identified as 7-epi-bourbon-3-en-5,11-oxide (22), guai-3,10(14)-dien-5,11-oxide (23) and guai-3,9-dien-5,11-oxide (24). The absolute configuration of myli-4(15)-en-3-one (5) could be established by chemical correlation. Together with α-taylorione (7) the corresponding 6,11-seco-compound taylopyran (25) with a new carbon skeleton was identified which serves as a precursor to taylocyclane (26) and taylofuran (27). Taynudol (28) contains a new carbon skeleton with a cyclobutenyl structure.     

构树皮中三萜类化学成分

对构树皮的化学成分进行进一步研究,通过反复硅胶柱层析从构树皮乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位中分离得到六个三萜成分,利用波谱技术及理化性质鉴定其化学结构分别为3β-乙酰氧基-甘遂-7-烯-24S,25二醇(1),3β-乙酰氧基-7,23-甘遂二烯-25-醇(2),羽扇豆醇(3),α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(4),3β,25-二羟基-7,23-甘遂二烯(5)和β-香树脂醇(6)。其中化合物1为新的甘遂烷型三萜,化合物2～5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Nuovo elenco di muschi Cusiani (Piemonte)

Abstract

New list of mosses in the Cusian woods (Orta Lake. Piedmont). — The author draws up a list of new entities and new places in the Cusian region, in addition to the entities already listed in his previous works, about wood mosses in the region, mentioned in the bibliography. The distinctive characters with reference to the known species and formes are emphasized. The boundaries of the considered region, the different kinds of woods as well as some geomorphologic, geologic and climatic notes have been explained in the previous works, together with a short account about the previous bryological researches that have been carried out in the region, from DE NOTARIS (1805-1877) onwards. New entities listed in the present and in the previous author's works: Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Lindb. var. nurautianum; Oreoweisia Bruntoni (Smith) Milde var. cusiana; Anisothecium rufescens (Smith) Lindb. var. Vertacomorum; Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp, var. curvata (Hedw.) Rabenh. f. sculerensis; Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp, var. amenensis; Trichostomum mutabile Bruch De Not. subsp. cuspidatum (Schimp.) Herzog, var. silvaticum; Tortula muralis Hedw. f. incana Sapegin oec. parviseta; Mnium affine Blandow var. minus; Mnium hymenophylloides Hueb. f. ovata; Hedwigia ciliata B.S.G. f. insignis; Plasteurhynchium striatum (Spruce) Fleisch, f. cavernarum Podp. oec. Scalettae; Hygroamblystegium sculerense; Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske var. ciliata; Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. roncherensis; Brachythecium Starkei B.S.G. var. nemorosum; Brachythecium collinum (Schleich.) B.S.G. f. Cusionis; Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. minor et f. protilica; Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) Fleisch, f. integra; Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Mueller f. delicatula; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. var. majus (Boulay) Limpr. f. eubinervia; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. ssp. laetum (B.S.G.) Meylan var. densum (B.S.G.) Moenk. f. plicata; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. cultrifolia; Platygyrium repens B.S.G. f. binervia et f. brachyphylla; Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. ssp. eu-cupressiforme Giac. var. lacunosum Brid. f. denticulata; Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Schwaegr.) Fleisch, f. eudentata.     

Terpenes from Otostegia integrifolia

The essential oil and chloroform extract of air-dried leaves of Otostegia integrifolia Benth. were investigated for the first time using analytical and preparative gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR techniques. A total of 40 constituents including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and their derivatives were identified. A prenylbisabolane type diterpene, 1-methyl-4-(5,9-dimethyl-1-methylene-deca-4,8-dienyl)cyclohexene was identified as a major component. The chloroform extract of the leaves yielded two labdane type diterpenoids, 15,16-epoxy-3alpha,9alpha-dihydroxy-labda-13(16),14-diene and 9(13),15(16)-diepoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-16-dihydrolabda-14-ene, a saturated hydrocarbon, pentatriacontane, and stigmasterol. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.     

Production of 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone by isolated human axillary bacteria

Abstract The metabolism of testosterone by coryneform bacteria in vitro has been studied. Metabolites identified after derivatization by capillary gas chromatography and further by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one and 17β-hydroxy-5β-androstan-3-one. The mass spectral characteristics of the methyl oxime trimethylsilyl ethers of all the 17-hydroxy-androstan-3-one and 3-hydroxy-androstan-17-one isomers are recorded.     

Bryophytes from the southeastern Yukon Territory,Canada

One hundred and forty-five taxa of bryophytes are reported from the extreme southeastern Yukon. Eight species of Hepaticae and 13 of mosses represent new records for the Yukon, which are Calypogeia suecica (S. Arnell & Perss.) K. Müll., Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh.) Dum., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum., Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph., Pellia neesiana (Gott.) Limpr., Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Hampe, Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth., Tritomaria exsecta (Schmid.) Schiffn., Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb., Brachythecium rivulare B.S.G., B. rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G., Bryum blindii B.S.G., Didymodon rigidulus Hedw., D. tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa, Drepanocladus trichophyllus (Warnst.) Podp., Hygroamblystegium noterophilum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Warnst., Hygrohypnum molle (Hedw.) Loeske, Plagiomnium ciliare (C. Müll.) Kop., P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop., Platydictya minutissimum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Crum, and Pylaisiella selwynii (Kindb.) Crum, Steere & Anderson. Many of the other collections represent wide extensions of range within the Yukon Territory.