甘肃灵长类动物概况及金丝猴一些生态学观察

甘肃省共有灵长类三种,即金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和短尾猴(M.arctoides)三种。其中数量最多,分布最广的是猕猴,主要分布在天水(党川)、徽县(太白、大河)、两当(云坪)、康县(太平)、武都(裕河)和文县(铁楼)。其次为金丝猴,分布于文县(丹堡、上丹堡、刘家坪、店坝、范坝)、武都(盘地、三仑、草河、枫相)和康县(三河坝)。短尾猴仅见于文县的碧口、店坝、范坝乡一带。产区集中于省东南部的秦岭山脉西延部分。植被垂直分布明显,海拔1000米以下以人工植被为主,除阳坡有部分常绿阔叶林外,主为农耕区,海拔1100—2…     

非人灵长类觅食行为生态学研究进展

觅食行为生态学是动物生态学研究的主要内容之一.从食物选择研究方法、食物选择策略机制、觅食行为的影响因素等方面综述非人灵长类动物觅食行为生态学研究进展.食物选择策略和活动时间分配是觅食行为生态学研究的主要内容.非人灵长类动物觅食行为生态学的研究对动物保护、人工驯养和繁殖具有重要意义.     

微生物生态学研究方法进展

微生物培养及显微技术作为鉴定微生物种群的手段有很大的局限性,因为环境中大多数微生物处于“存活但不能培养”的状态。因此．不依赖于微生物培养的生物化学以及分子生物学方法正被广泛地用于微生物生态学研究。主要介绍了荧光技术。基于PCR的分析技术和PLFA等技术在表征微生物多样性研究中的某些进展。     

生态学研究热点克隆植物生态学

过去人们都认为,除水螅和珊瑚等少数低等动物外,绝大多数动物的体细胞成熟后便失去了其全能性,因而在自然条件下,这些动物是不能自行克隆的。但自从1997年,英国科学家用绵羊的体细胞成功克隆绵羊“多利”以来,特别是此后又有不少科学家成功地对其它动物进行了克隆的事实,充分表明了人类在诱导、控制生物繁殖技术领域取得了长足进展,意义十分重大。动物的克隆是运用人工克隆技术而控制实现的个体的繁殖,因而克隆动物在严格意义上讲应当是动物的克隆。而这里所说的克隆植物却与上述截然不同。克隆植物是指在自然生境条件下,能通过营…     

城市森林生态学的基本理论与研究方法

随着世界经济的发展和城市人口的增加,城市环境问题严重阻碍了城市可持续发展,形成了城市森林生态学这一新学科,森林生态学,景观生态学,园林学和人类生态学4种学科的相关理论相互融合构成了城市森林生态学的理论基础,城市森林生态学的形成使人们从生态系统的角度审视城市的发展,并把生物环境即人类及所有植物和动物的群体视为这个系统的一个要素,引出了“城市森林”的概念,本文较系统地介绍了城市森林生态学的基本概念,主要研究内容。理论基础及基本原理,研究方法及其发展展望。     

生态学研究热点—植物分子生态学

一般认为生态学是从宏观的角度研究生物与环境关系的科学。而随着其它自然学科向生态学的渗透,以及信息技术和生物技术的产生和迅猛进步,从而涌现出许多新兴的交叉领域,其中特别是应用分子生物学的理论与方法,在解决生态学的有关问题过程中,一个崭新的研究领域─—植物分子生态学就应运而生了。 一、分子生态学的概念 目前对于这个新研究领域的概念讨论甚多,至今尚无一个普遍认可和明确的概念。例如,侯泽（Ｈｏｅｌｚｅｌ）和德夫（Ｄｏｖｅｒ）认为：分子生态学是用ＤＮＡ和蛋白质的特征,研究物种的分化、演化及种群生物学等生态学…     

植物联合固氮菌分子生态学的研究方法和应用

联合固氮菌定殖于植物根际或体内 ,它们与植物联合没有像根瘤菌和豆科植物共生形成根瘤那样形成特化的结构。由于二者的联合缺少明显的表型变化 ,以致研究这种植物和微生物间相互作用的工作进展缓慢。最近 ,免疫学技术、寡核苷酸探针杂交技术和监测标记 /报告基因等分子生物学技术在这一领域中得到了广泛的应用 ,不起才有了许多细致的联合固氮菌分子生态学研究。如研究与植物联合的固氮菌在何处表达固氮功能时 ,就应用了抗固氮酶铁蛋白抗体专一识别铁蛋白、寡核苷酸探针与ｎｉｆＨ基因 (编码固氮酶铁蛋白 )的ｍＲＮＡ杂交或ｎｉｆＨ启动子与…     

Modelling Primate Behavioral Ecology

Models play an important role in any mature science because they force us to make explicit our assumptions about how a phenomenon works and allow us to explore the way in which different variables influence a complex biological system. I review the principal kinds of models that could be used to study primate behavior and ecology: linear programming models, systems models, optimality models, stochastic dynamic programming models and agent-based simulation models. Although less use has been made of modelling in primatology than in some other areas of behavioral ecology, there is considerable scope for exploiting the predictive and explanatory power of models in the field.     

布氏田鼠种群生态及行为生态学研究进展

布氏田鼠种群生态及行为生态学研究进展尹峰房继明（北京师范大学生物学系,１００８７５）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｌＥｃｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＢｒａｎｄｔ’ｓＶｏｌｅｓ（Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｂｒａｎ...     

Tree Climbing Strategies for Primate Ecological Studies

Primate ecological studies can benefit from accessing the canopy to estimate intra-tree and inter-tree variation in food availability and nutrient value, patch and subpatch depletion, foraging efficiency, as well as nest structure and nesting behaviors, parasitic transmission and predator detectability. We compare several ways to access the canopy and examine their suitability for studies of primates. Two of them—the Single Rope Technique and the Climbing Spur Method—allow people to safely access almost all kinds of trees, regardless of their size, height or shape. Modern climbing gear and contemporaneous safety protocols, derived from rock climbers, speleologists, and industrial arborists, are reliable and appropriate for primate ecological studies. Climbing gear is specialized and still expensive for students, but tree climbing can be dangerous during specific maneuvres. Consequently, formal training and preliminary experience are essential before attempting to collect data. We discuss the physics of falling, risk assessment associated with a fall, knots, gear and safety precautions. Finally, we propose a Tree Climbing Safety Protocol adapted for 2 climbing methods and primate field ecology. Researchers should be aware that climbing safety depends on their own judgment, which must be based on competent instruction, experience, and a realistic assessment of climbing ability. Therefore, the information we provide should be used only to supplement competent personal instruction and training in situ. Although most primate observations have been and will mostly be done from the ground in the future, canopy information complements the observations. Canopy data will add a significant new dimension to our knowledge of primates by providing strategic information otherwise unavailable.     

盐度对红树植物海莲幼苗的生长和某些生理生态特性的影响

本文主要探讨了不同盐度海水砂培的海莲幼苗生长量和某些生理生态特性与盐度的相关效应。结果表明,生长基盐度20‰以上,海莲繁殖体的萌苗时间推迟,成活率降低;随着盐度的提高,幼苗高生长量降低,叶片变小;叶片叶绿素含量随盐度提高而提高,相反的叶片可溶性糖含量则降低,而叶片可溶性蛋白质含量变化不明显;叶片组织内氯含量随盐度提高而提高;随着盐度的提高,叶片蒸腾作用减弱,气孔导度降低。由此表明,海莲幼苗适宜生长的盐度范围在15‰以下,更高的盐度表现为生态抗盐适应性生长。     

我国植物种群生态研究的成就与展望

种群生态学以种群作为研究对象,无论在理论上还是在方法上都是生态学中发展最快,最为活跃的一个领域,也是生态学研究中的一个极其重要的层次,因为它是物种存在和进化的基本单位,是生物群落和生态系统的基本组成。一、植物种群生态学研究的历史Graunt于1662年进行了人类种群的生命     

中国驴的地理生态和种群生态

一、驴的起源、驯养与生态环境的关系驴(Equus asinus Vulgaris)在动物分类学上与马是同属而异种。野生驴种有两种:(1)騑驴(E.asinus Taeniopus),亦称非洲野驴,它包括在中央撒哈拉生存的努比亚驴和从埃塞俄比亚到红海沿岸生存的索马驴,栖息在非洲东北部到南部;(2)骞驴(E.hemionus),亦称亚洲野驴,分布于中亚细亚、阿拉伯和中国西部。     

Substrate Size and Primate Forelimb Mechanics: Implications for Understanding the Evolution of Primate Locomotion

International Journal of Primatology - Did the anatomical and locomotor specializations of primates evolve in response to requirements of locomotion and foraging on thin branches? Laboratory...     

Estimating Orangutan Densities Using the Standing Crop and Marked Nest Count Methods: Lessons Learned for Conservation

Reliable estimates of great ape abundance are needed to assess distribution, monitor population status, evaluate conservation tactics, and identify priority populations for conservation. Rather than using direct counts, surveyors often count ape nests. The standing crop nest count (SCNC) method converts the standing stock of nests into animal densities using a set of parameters, including nest decay rate. Nest decay rates vary greatly over space and time, and it takes months to calculate a site-specific value. The marked nest count (MNC) method circumvents this issue and only counts new nests produced during a defined period. We compared orangutan densities calculated by the two methods using data from studies in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. We show how animal densities calculated using nest counts should be cautiously interpreted when used to make decisions about management or budget allocation. Even with site-specific decay rates, short studies using the SCNC method may not accurately reflect the current population unless conducted at a scale sufficient to include wide-ranging orangutan movement. Density estimates from short studies using the MNC method were affected by small sample sizes and by orangutan movement. To produce reliable results, the MNC method may require a similar amount of effort as the SCNC method. We suggest a reduced reliance on the traditional line transect surveys in favor of feasible alternative methods when absolute abundance numbers are not necessary or when site-specific nest decay rates are not known. Given funding constraints, aerial surveys, reconnaissance walks, and interview techniques may be more cost-effective means of accomplishing some survey goals.