血清胱抑素C、血肌酐及血尿素氮对窒息新生儿肾功能损害的临床意义

目的:探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、血肌酐(SCr)及血尿素氮(BUN)对窒息新生儿肾功能损害的临床意义。方法:选取2013年1月到2018年1月期间重庆医科大学附属第一医院合川医院收治的窒息新生儿200例作为研究组,根据Apgar评分将200例窒息新生儿分为轻度窒息组(128例,Apgar评分:4-7分)和重度窒息组(72例,Apgar评分:0-3分),另选取同期在我院出生的50例足月健康新生儿作为对照组。比较研究组和对照组新生儿血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平,比较不同窒息程度新生儿血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平以及Cys C、SCr、BUN的异常率。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析窒息新生儿血清Cys C、SCr、BUN的相关性。结果:研究组血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。重度窒息组血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平均高于轻度窒息组(P0.05)。重度窒息组Cys C、BUN的异常率高于轻度窒息组(P0.05);重度窒息组和轻度窒息组Cys C的异常率高于SCr、BUN的异常率(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,窒息新生儿Cys C与SCr、BUN均呈正相关,SCr与BUN呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:窒息新生儿血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平明显升高,临床可通过检测血清Cys C、SCr、BUN水平来评估窒息新生儿肾损伤情况,且Cys C的评估价值更高。     

核医学肾动态显像和血清Cys C在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用

目的:探讨核医学肾动态显像和血清胱抑素C(Cys C)在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年1月我院收治的肾积水患者70例,依据肾积水程度将患者分为轻度积水组(21例)、中度积水组(26例)、重度积水组(23例)三组,选择同期我院体检中心的健康成人20例作为对照组,所有研究对象分别通过肾动态显像和双血浆法测量肾小球率过滤(GFR),分别记为I-GFR和rGFR,采用酶联免疫吸附法和血生化分析仪分别检测血清Cys C和尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)。结果:各组各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),肾积水患者r-GFR、I-GFR显著低于对照组患者,Cys C、BUN、SCr均显著高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);不同程度患者r-GFR、Cys C和SCr差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),其中,重度积水组中度积水组轻度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);重度积水组I-GFR和BUN均高于轻度积水组和中度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);rGFR和I-GFR与肾积水程度呈负相关(r=-0.967、-0.754,P=0.000、0.000),Cys C、BUN和SCr与肾积水程度呈正相关(r=0.883、0.627、0.671,P=0.000、0.002、0.001)。结论:核医学肾动态显像在评价轻度肾积水患者肾功能时更敏感,而血清Cys C在区分中、重度肾积水患者时更加准确,上述两指标作为替代双血浆法的检测方法在临床上应该互为补充,方能使诊断更加准确。     

血清Hcy与CysC 对早期2型糖尿病肾病的临床诊断价值分析

目的:分析血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与胱抑素C(CysC)对早期2型糖尿病肾病的临床诊断价值。方法:选择2013年5月至2016年5月我院收治的早期糖尿病肾病患者60例为A组,选取同期我院收治的单纯糖尿病患者60例为B组,另选我院同期健康体检者60例为C组,检测三组的血清Hcy、CysC、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)。结果:与C组比较,A组和B组的BUN、Scr、UAER均升高(P0.05),A组的UAER高于B组(P0.05),但A组的BUN、Scr与B组比较,组间差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组的病程明显高于B组(P0.05)。与C组比较,A组Hcy与CysC水平升高(P0.05),B组的Hcy水平升高(P0.05),CysC水平升高,但差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);与B组比较,A组Hcy与CysC水平升高(P0.05)。A组的Hcy、CysC、Hcy+CysC阳性率均明显高于B组和C组(P0.05),B组Hcy、CysC、Hcy+CysC阳性率均明显高于C组(P0.05);A组和B组的Hcy+CysC联合检测的阳性率高于Hcy、CysC的单独检测阳性率(P0.05)。Hcy与病程、BUN、Scr、UAER均呈正相关,相关系数r=0.650、0.488、0.596、0.761,P0.05,CysC与病程、BUN、Scr、UAER均呈正相关,相关系数r=0.681、0.502、0.601、0.825,P0.05。结论:血清Hcy与CysC可及时、准确的反应2型糖尿病患者的肾损伤情况,从而有利于早期2型糖尿病肾病的及时检出。     

慢性肾衰竭患者治疗前后血清CysC,Hcy及PTH水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者治疗前后血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平变化及临床意义。方法:筛选2013年12月至2014年12月我院就诊的CRF患者258例作为研究组,并选取同时期健康体检者258例为对照组,研究组患者入院后针对病情给予相应治疗,检测研究组治疗前后血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、Cys C、Hcy及PTH水平变化,分析不同分期CRF患者各指标的水平差异,并与对照组进行对比分析,分析Scr、BUN与Cys C、Hcy及PTH的相关性。结果:研究组血清Scr、BUN、PTH、Cys C和Hcy水平均明显高于对照组,异有统计学意义(P0.05),经过治疗后以上各项指标水平较前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但仍明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者Scr、BUN、Cys C、Hcy及PTH水平随着CRF分期发展而上升,其中尿毒症期肾功能衰竭期肾功能失代偿期肾功能代偿期,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);采用Pearson相关性分析,研究组患者的Scr、BUN水平分别与Cys C、Hcy及PTH的水平呈正相关(r=0.731、0.642、0.813,P0.05;r=0.682、0.752、0.833,P0.05)。结论:Cys C、Hcy、PTH水平能够反映CRF患者临床治疗效果,反映疾病的严重程度,为CRF患者的诊断和预后提供参考,具有重要的临床意义。     

急性肾损伤患者血清胱抑素-C及尿NGAL 水平的变化及其临床意义

目的:观察急性肾损伤(Acute kidney injury,AKI)患者血清胱抑素-C(Cystatin-C,CysC)及尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法:选择60例AKI患者为实验组,50例正常健康人作为对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组人群血清胱抑素-C和尿NGAL水平。结果:实验组与对照组相比血清胱抑素-C和尿NGAL水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组尿NGAL检出率高于血清胱抑素-C、血肌酐,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:急性肾损伤患者血清胱抑素-C和尿NGAL均升高,其中尿NGAL是反映AKI较敏感的生物学标志物,值得临床进一步研究。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清GDF-15的水平及临床意义

目的:探讨慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)患者血清生长分化因子-15(Growth Differentiation Factor-15,GDF-15)的表达及与其他肾功能相关临床指标的相关性。方法:选取西南医科大学附属医院2017年3月至2017年7月健康体检中心30例健康体检者对照组及肾病内科、内分泌科、心内科住院病房各期CKD患者150例,采用ELISA法测试验检其血清GDF-15水平。结果:除去CKD1期外,各期CKD患者eGFR及血清SCr、BUN、GDF-15水平均明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);随着CKD分期的增加,患者血清SCr、BUN、GDF-15浓度逐渐增加,且各组之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。CKD3组患者血清UA浓度明显高于健康对照组、CKD1组(P0.05),CKD4组、CKD5组血清UA浓度明显高于健康对照组、CKD1组及CKD2组(P0.05)。GDF-15水平与eGFR水平呈负相关(r=-0.768,P0.01),与SCr水平呈正相关(r=0.751,P0.01),与BUN水平呈正相关(r=0.764,P0.01),与UA水平呈正相关(r=0.470,P0.01)。结论:GDF-15与慢性肾脏病的发生与发展密切相关。     

慢性肾功能衰竭早期患者血清CysC、RBP、β2-MG水平的关系及其诊断价值分析

目的:分析慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)早期患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β_2-微球蛋白水平(β_2-MG)的关系,探讨其对CRF早期的诊断价值。方法:选取2016年8月至2018年10月新疆医科大学第二附属医院收治的CRF早期患者240例作为研究组,同期体检的健康者240例作为对照组,比较两组血肌酐(Scr)、血清CysC、RBP、β_2-MG水平,并分析CysC、RBP、β_2-MG的相关性以及其对CRF早期的诊断价值。结果:研究组血清SCr、CysC、RBP、β_2-MG水平及阳性率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,CRF患者血清CysC与RBP、β_2-MG水平呈正相关(r=0.532,0.784,P=0.012,0.000),RBP与β_2-MG水平呈正相关(r=0.518,P=0.015)。CysC、RBP、β_2-MG联合诊断的特异度、敏感度和准确度分别为98.75%、88.33%和93.54%。结论:CRF早期患者血清CysC、RBP、β_2-MG水平升高,三指标之间具有一定的相关性,CysC、RBP、β_2-MG联合检测对CRF早期具有较高的诊断价值。     

糖尿病肾病患者血浆NGAL和血清CysC水平改变及其早期诊断价值

目的:研究糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和血清胱抑素C(CysC)水平变化,分析其对DN的早期诊断价值。方法:选取160例糖尿病(DM)患者按尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为DN前期组58例(A组),DN早期组52例(B组)及DN临床组50例(C组),同期选择健康体检者61例为对照组(D组)。比较四组受试者血中NGAL、CysC、尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(CREA),及尿中微量清蛋白(UMA)水平的差异,分析血NGAL、CysC与UMA之间的相关关系。结果:(1)A、B、C组受试者NGAL、CysC及UMA水平显著高于D组,且CBA,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);C组BUN和CREA水平均明显高于A、B、D三组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而A、B组较D组均无统计学差异(P0.05)。(2)血NGAL、CysC与尿UMA均存在正相关关系(r=0.59,0.64;P均0.05)。结论:DN早期患者血浆NGAL与血清CysC水平显著升高,且二者均与尿UMA水平存在正相关关系,可作为评价肾脏损害程度及DN早期诊断的较敏感的生物学标志物,临床推荐应用。     

厄贝沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦治疗对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法:入选符合纳入标准的早期糖尿病肾病患者82例,按照随机抽签的方法分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。对照组在指导患者饮食、合理运动的基础上给予降糖、降压治疗、改善贫血、保证酸碱平衡等,观察组在对照组基础上联合厄贝沙坦治疗。检测两组患者治疗前后血脂指标:甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);肾功能各项指标:尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素-C(CysC)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)以及血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血脂指标、肾功能指标、血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、BUN、SCr、CysC、24h UP、hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平均显著降低,且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);而两组血清HDL-C均明显升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦用于治疗早期糖尿病肾病可更有效改善患者血脂水平、降低血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平,进而保护患者肾功能。     

肾炎康复片对慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清FN、IL-2及胱抑素C 水平的影响

目的:探讨肾炎康复片对慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)、白介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)及胱抑素C水平影响。方法:收集我院慢性肾小球肾炎患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。两组患者均予低盐优质蛋白饮食、控制血压、预防感染等常规治疗。对照组予以贝那普利治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用肾炎康复片。两组患者分别于治疗前、后各进行一次血清FN、IL-2、胱抑素C水平测定;血压,肾功能血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN),24 h尿蛋白测定。结果:治疗后两组患者血清FN、IL-2水平均上升,胱抑素C水平均下降(P0.05),与对照组比较,实验组三项指标均变化更明显(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血压、血清肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白水平均下降(P0.05),与对照组比较,实验组四项指标均较低(P0.05)。结论:肾炎康复片可更显著升高慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清FN、IL-2水平,降低胱抑素C水平,对患者血压控制,肾功能修复及减少尿蛋白有重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.