外源性Apelin-13对心力衰竭大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的：研究给予外源性Apelin-13治疗对血流动力学、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（Angiotensin-Ⅱ,AngⅡ）和肾上腺髓质素（Adrenomedulin,ADM）水平的影响。方法：将50只大鼠随机分为3组：心衰组（n=20）、治疗组（n=20）和正常对照组（n=10）,阿霉素（ADR）腹腔注射建立大鼠心衰模型,治疗组给药外源性Apelin-13治疗,检测大鼠血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平（ELISA法）以及血流动力学的水平。结果：心衰组和治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比正常对照组增高,但治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比心衰组明显降低,治疗组左心室内压最大升降速度（LV±dp/dtmax）、左室最大收缩压（LVESP）比心衰组增高,左室舒张末期压（LVEDP）比心衰组低（P均〈0.05）。结论：外源性apelin-13抑制体内的AngⅡ和ADM水平可能对ADR诱导的大鼠心衰有保护作用。     

外源性Apelin-13 对心力衰竭大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ 和肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的:研究给予外源性Apelin-13治疗对血流动力学、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin-Ⅱ,AngⅡ)和肾上腺髓质素(Adrenomedulin,ADM)水平的影响。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为3组:心衰组(n=20)、治疗组(n=20)和正常对照组(n=10),阿霉素(ADR)腹腔注射建立大鼠心衰模型,治疗组给药外源性Apelin-13治疗,检测大鼠血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平(ELISA法)以及血流动力学的水平。结果:心衰组和治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比正常对照组增高,但治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比心衰组明显降低,治疗组左心室内压最大升降速度(LV±dp/dtmax)、左室最大收缩压(LVESP)比心衰组增高,左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)比心衰组低(P均<0.05)。结论:外源性apelin-13抑制体内的AngⅡ和ADM水平可能对ADR诱导的大鼠心衰有保护作用。     

高血压大鼠血浆尾加压素Ⅱ、NO、NOS变化及坎地沙坦干预的影响

目的：探讨高血压大鼠血浆尾加压素Ⅱ（UⅡ）、NO、NOS变化及坎地沙坦对其影响。方法：WKY大鼠30只,为正常对照组;SHR大鼠60只随机分为对照组与坎地沙坦组,每组30只,测定血浆UⅡ、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）水平。结果：①SHR大鼠血浆UⅡ水平明显升高,但血浆NO、NOS水平明显降低;②坎地沙坦可降低血浆UⅡ水平,升高血浆NO、NOS水平;③SHR大鼠组,血浆UⅡ水平分别与NO、NOS水平呈负相关,相关系数分别-0．45,-0．49（P〈0．05）。结论：在高血压的发病过程中。血浆UⅡ水平升高,同时伴有血浆NO、NOS水平降低,血浆UⅡ水平与NO、NOS水平具有负相关性。     

自发性高血压大鼠和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠心血管组织肾上腺髓质素和肾上腺髓质素原N-末端20肽的水平

本工作观察了自发性高血压大鼠 (SHRs)和Wistar kyoto (WKY)大鼠心肌和主动脉肾上腺髓质素 (a drenomedullin ,ADM)和肾上腺髓质素原N 末端 2 0肽 (proadrenomedullinNterminal 2 0peptide ,PAMP)的水平。以放射免疫分析方法测定血浆、心肌和主动脉ADM含量。用竞争性定量逆转录多聚酶链式反应 (RT PCR)方法测定心肌和主动脉ProADMmRNA含量。结果发现 ,SHRs心肌和主动脉ProADMmRNA水平分别比WKY大鼠高 66 7%和 73 % (均P <0 0 1)。SHRs血浆、心肌和主动脉ADM ir含量分别较WKY大鼠高 2 9%、76 7%和 79% (均P <0 0 1)。SHRs血浆、心肌和主动脉PAMP ir水平分别较WKY大鼠高 42 5 % (P <0 0 1)、47 2 % (P <0 0 1)和 2 7 3 % (P <0 0 5 )。另外 ,SHRs的ADM和PAMP的比值较WKY大鼠明显增高 (心肌和主动脉分别为 2 0± 0 2 5vs 1 64± 0 3和 2 2± 0 18vs 1 5 6± 0 2 8)。结果提示 ,SHRs心肌和主动脉ProADM基因表达上调 ,ADM和PAMP水平升高 ,但二者升高的比例不一致。SHRs的ADM和PAMP升高不一致的病理生理意义有待进一步研究     

高肺血流对大鼠肺血管结构及尾加压素Ⅱ表达的影响

目的：探讨新型血管活性肽人类尾加压素Ⅱ(hUⅡ)在高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中的表达及其作用。方法：对大鼠行腹主动脉-下腔静脉分流术。11周后,以右心导管法测肺动脉压力,观测肺血管显微结构的变化,以免疫组织化学方法检测肺动脉hUⅡ的表达。结果：分流术后11周,大鼠肺动脉高压形成,肺小血管肌化程度明显增强,肺中、小型肌型动脉相对中膜厚度明显增加。分流组大鼠肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ蛋白表达上调,并且与肺动脉压力和肺血管结构的改变呈正相关。结论：肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ的上调可能参与了高肺血流量所致肺血管结构重建和肺动脉高压的形成。     

肾上腺髓质素2的降压作用及其机制

目的:研究肾上腺髓质素2(ADM2)拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)发挥舒张血管的作用及机制。方法:将18只180~200 g雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=6):对照组、AngⅡ(150 ng/(kg·min))组和AngⅡ(150 ng/(kg·min))+ADM2(500 ng/(kg·h))组,采用皮下埋植微量渗透泵的方法给药。2周后颈动脉插管法测量大鼠血压,测定血浆一氧化氮(NO)含量和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性。DHE染色法检测大鼠动脉壁活性氧产生。制备大鼠离体血管环,观察ADM2的舒血管作用。培养人脐静脉内皮细胞系EA.hy 926,用DCFH-DA荧光探针检测AngⅡ和ADM2对血管内皮细胞活性氧释放的影响。结果:与AngⅡ组相比,ADM2显著降低了大鼠血压,血浆中eNOS活性提高、NO含量增加,血管壁活性氧产生减少。ADM2呈浓度依赖性和内皮依赖性舒张血管环,并明显抑制了AngⅡ引起的血管内皮细胞活性氧产生。结论:ADM2可能通过拮抗AngⅡ诱导的血管内皮氧化应激效应,改善内皮功能,发挥舒张血管、降低血压的作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体基因A1166C多态性与新疆维吾尔族高血压相关性研究

目的:探讨新疆维吾尔族人群血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因(AT1R)A1166C多态性与原发性高血压之间的关系,了解该基因多态在维吾尔族群体中的分布情况。方法:选择新疆维吾尔族原发性高血压病患者126例,正常血压者143例,应用多聚酶链反应、限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)时入选样本进行基因分型。结果:AT1R基因A1166C多态符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;AA、AC各基因型频率在维吾尔族病例组和对照组分别为73%、27%和74．8%、25．2%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05),C等位基因频率分别为13．5%和12．6%,差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论:AT1R基因A1166C多态可能不是新疆维吾尔族原发性高血压病的遗传易感指标。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌的影响

本工作观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）对豚鼠和狗的肾上组织皮质醇分泌量的影响。结果表明,当ＡⅡ浓度≥１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时孵育液中皮质醇含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,并且具有较明显的量效关系和时效关系。ＡⅡ以及促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）与肾上腺组织或细胞一同孵育时,皮质醇的分泌量明显高于ＡⅡ和ＡＣＴＨ单独存在时的分泌量（Ｐ〈０．０５）。孵育液内游离钙减少时ＡⅡ促皮质醇分泌的作用有所降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化对中枢肾上腺素...

The content of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats has proved abnormal, but the cause remained unknown. It was shown in the recent work that NE content in pons, posterior hypothalamus, nucleus caudatus and E concentration in medulla oblongata, anterior and posterior hypothalamus of 12-week old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were much higher than those of age-matched Wister-Kyoto rats (WKY). SHRSP also showed higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and brain angiotensin II (A II) than WKY. Intracerebroventricular (icv) perfusion of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (20 micrograms for each time and three times for each day for four weeks) inhibited the synthesis of brain A II and reduced SBP and NE, E contents in all examined brain areas in SHRSP and WKY. However, the effects of chronically perfused captopril on SBP and brain NE, E levels in SHRSP were much more significant than in WKY. The results indicate that the modulatory effects of central renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on central adrenergic and noradrenergic system might be overactivated in SHRSP, which might partially responsible for the abnormally high levels of NE, E in some of the brain areas of SHRSP.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ与肾上腺

血管紧张素Ⅱ不仅可以刺激肾上腺皮质球状带细胞分泌盐皮质激素,而且可以刺激束状带细胞分泌糖皮质激素,还可以刺激髓质细胞分泌儿茶酚胺。目前,对血管紧张素Ⅱ促进醛固酮分泌的机制有了进一步的了解,并且对特殊生理条件下,血管紧张素Ⅱ促进糖皮质激素的分泌,赋予了新的生理学意义。     

高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与血管紧张素原相关性的研究

目的：探讨高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与血管紧张素原的相关性。方法：30只雄性16周龄SHR大鼠随机均分为SHR组和SHR合并AS组,另设15只同龄雄性WKY大鼠作为正常血压对照组即WKY组。SHR合并AS组饲以高脂饲料并辅以大剂量VitD3灌胃建立高血压动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,SHR组和15只同龄雄性WKY大鼠均饲以标准饲料。各组大鼠分别于0、6、12周时光镜、电镜下评估血管病变,全自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平,并采用ELISA法检测血清AGT、AngII浓度。结果：SHR血清AGT、AnglI浓度显著高于WKY大鼠（P〈0．05）。存在AS病变的SHR合并AS组,血清AGT、AngII浓度明显高于无AS病变的SHR组,且随着AS病变严重性的增加,血清AGT、AngII浓度亦增加（P〈0．05）。结论：抑制AGT的表达可能为高血压患者中AS的防治提供一种新的方法。     

老年高血压病患者的高胰岛素血症与血脂及血管紧张素的关系

目的探讨老年高血压病的高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）与血脂及血管紧张素（Ａｎｇ）的关系。方法比较４８例老年高血压病患者和５４例老年非高血压病患者空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）、ＡｎｇＩ、Ⅱ水平。结果老年高血压病组空腹胰岛素显著高于非高血压病组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;高血压病组ＴＧ、ＡｎｇⅡ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;高血压病组血糖、ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ、ＡｎｇⅠ与非高血压病组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论老年高血压病患者存在ＨＩＳ,且脂质代谢异常,伴有ＡｎｇⅡ升高。     

Vasoactive drugs and tumor blood flow

Different observations on the reactivity of tumor vessels to vasoactive drugs have suggested a decreased, a similar or an increased reactivity to vasoactive stimuli in the vascular bed of tumors as compared to normal tissues. No adrenergic innervation of newly developed tumor vessels has been found, while preexisting normal vessels incorporated during tumor growth may retain some innervation. In transplantable rat tumors, contractile cells, including smooth muscle cells, have been seen in tumor vessels. From recent experimental studies, it was concluded that the tumor's vascular bed is probably in a state of maximal dilatation and therefore sensitive to vasoconstriction, but less sensitive to pharmacological dilatation. These observations may correspond to regional tumor hypoxia and progressive development of tumor necrosis during tumor growth. The results of experimental tumor studies might question the reliability of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in clinical oncology, which are based on differences in the reactivity to vasoactive drugs between normal and malignant tissues.     

Vasoactive exposures during pregnancy and risk of microtia

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the etiology of nonsyndromic microtia. This study investigated the hypothesis that microtia is caused by vascular disruption.

METHODS

The study analyzed data from the population‐based National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) for deliveries between 1997 and 2005. Four hundred eleven nonsyndromic cases of microtia, with or without additional defects, were compared to 6560 nonmalformed infants with respect to maternal exposures to vasoactive medications and smoking during the periconceptional period and conditions that have previously been associated with vascular events (multiple gestation, maternal history of type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes, and hypertension). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with multivariable models, controlling for the effects of race/ethnicity, education, periconceptional folic acid use, and study center.

RESULTS

Risk estimates for vasoactive medications and smoking were not meaningfully increased. Maternal type 1/2 diabetes was diagnosed before or during the index pregnancy in 4% and 1% of cases, respectively, compared to 1% and 0.05% of controls; the adjusted OR for these two groups combined was 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–13.1). Gestational diabetes was observed for 9% of cases and 6% of controls; the OR was moderately elevated (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9–2.0). ORs were also increased for multiple gestations (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5–4.2) and pre‐existing hypertension (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.5).

CONCLUSIONS

Because ORs were only elevated for diabetes and not for vasoactive exposures or other potential vascular events, findings suggest that some microtia occurrences may be part of the diabetic embryopathy rather than manifestations of vascular disruption. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.