乌司他丁与沐舒坦治疗严重烧伤伴吸入性损伤的疗效分析

目的:探讨严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤患者早期联合使用大剂量乌司他丁与沐舒坦的临床疗效。方法:选择2003年5月~2013年5月在我院接受治疗的185例严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤患者,随机分为两组,治疗组93例,对照组92例。两组患者在确诊为中重度吸入性损伤后,立即给予传统常规治疗:吸氧、视情尽早预防性气管切开、湿化气道及气道灌洗、翻身拍背吸痰、呼吸机辅助呼吸等。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予乌司他丁40万单位,每隔8h静脉滴注,沐舒坦450 mg,每隔12h微泵静推;对照组给予乌司他丁10万单位,每隔8h静滴,沐舒坦30 mg,每隔8h静滴,疗程为10天,比较两组患者急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生率、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的发生率、呼吸机使用时间、死亡率。结果:治疗组93例患者,治愈92例,死亡1例,死亡率为1.08%(1/93),治疗过程中发生ALI34例,ARDS12例,呼吸机使用时间为(4.2±2.1)d。对照组92例患者治愈88例,死亡4例,死亡率率为4.35%(4/92),治疗过程中发生ALI43例,ARDS17例,呼吸机使用时间为(8.2±2.7)d。两组患者ALI发生率、ARDS发生率、呼吸机使用时间、治愈率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤的患者,在气管切开的前提下,给予常规传统治疗的同时,采用大剂量乌司他丁与沐舒坦早期联合使用给药,能够明显的提高治愈率,降低并发症,值得在临床上广泛推广应用。     

有创通气与大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎的疗效及对脑神经功能的影响

目的:探究有创通气与大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎的疗效及对脑神经功能的影响。方法:于2013年6月~2016年2月期间,选择广州医科大学附属第四医院呼吸重症医学科收治老年脑卒中合并重症肺炎患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将所有研究对象分为观察组(40例)和对照组(36例);两组患者均给予常规治疗及有创通气,观察组患者给予大剂量沐舒坦治疗,对照组患者给予小剂量剂量沐舒坦治疗;观察并比较两组患者神经功能恢复情况、治疗情况、肺炎严重程度、记录氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:两组患者治疗前PaO_2、PaCO_2、肺炎严重程度评分(CURB-65)及CRP水平无差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者PaCO_2、CURB-65及CRP水平均显著降低,PaO_2水平显著升高;且观察组患者PaCO_2、CURB-65及CRP水平低于对照组,PaO_2水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者脑卒中神经功能损伤程度评分(NFDS)及美国国立卫生院脑卒中评分(NIHSS)无差异(P0.05);治疗后两组患者NFDS及NIHSS评分均降低(P0.05),两组间NFDS及NIHSS评分无差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者机械通气时间、抗生素使用时间、症状缓解时间及ICU住院时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:有创通气联合大剂量沐舒坦治疗脑卒中后重症肺炎疗效确切,能够提高患者脑神经功能,值得在临床应用推广。     

乌司他丁与沭舒坦治疗严重烧伤伴吸人性损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤患者早期联合使用大剂量乌司他丁与沐舒坦的临床疗效。方法：选择2003年5月-2013年5月在我院接受治疗的185例严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤患者,随机分为两组,治疗组93例,对照组92例。两组患者在确诊为中重度吸入性损伤后,立即给予传统常规治疗：吸氧、视情尽早预防性气管切开、湿化气道及气道灌洗、翻身拍背吸痰、呼吸机辅助呼吸等。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予乌司他丁40万单位,每隔8h静脉滴注,沐舒坦450mg,每隔12h微泵静推;对照组给予乌司他丁10万单位,每隔8h静滴,沐舒坦30mg,每隔8h静滴,疗程为10天,比较两组患者急性肺损伤（Au）的发生率、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的发生率、呼吸机使用时间、死亡率。结果：治疗组93例患者,治愈92例,死亡1例,死亡率为1．08％（1／93）,治疗过程中发生AL134例,ARDS12例,呼吸机使用时间为（4．2±2．1）d。对照组92例患者治愈88例,死亡4例,死亡率率为4．35％（4／92）,治疗过程中发生AL143例,ARDS17例,呼吸机使用时间为（8．2±2．7）d。两组患者ALI发生率、ARDS发生率、呼吸机使用时间、治愈率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对于严重烧伤伴中重度吸入性损伤的患者,在气管切开的前提下,给予常规传统治疗的同时,采用大剂量乌司他丁与沐舒坦早期联合使用给药,能够明显的提高治愈率,降低并发症,值得在临床上广泛推广应用。     

盐酸氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺部感染的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨盐酸氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）合并肺部感染的临床疗效观察。方法：选择2009年6月至2011年6月我院收治的90例AECOPD患者并将其随机分为生理盐水组、溴己新组、氨溴索组,比较三组治疗后临床症状改善咳嗽、咳痰、喘息和肺部哆音的改善情况;动脉二氧化碳分压PaCO2、动脉氧分压PaO2、白细胞计数WBC、中性粒细胞比例N％、超敏c反应蛋白CRP、血沉ESR;肺功能FEVI％、FEV1／FVC;住院天数和均次住院费用情况。结果：氨溴索组对AECOPD患者的临床症状、血常规,超敏C反应蛋白,血沉,动脉血气分析、肺功能的改善情况明显好于另外两组。实验组与对照组P〈0．05．实验组与对照组差别有显著意义。且氨溴索组患者的上述改善时间早于另外两组,该组患者的住院天数及均次住院费用少于另外两组。结论i与溴己新相比,氨溴索能更快的改善AECOPD患者的临床症状,减轻其炎症反应,改善其通气功能并减少其住院天数及均次住院费用,但其机制有待于进一步探讨。     

沐舒坦联合布地奈德治疗新生儿重症吸入性肺炎的疗效研究

目的:探讨沐舒坦联合布地奈德治疗新生儿重症吸入性肺炎的疗效。方法:选取于2014年9月-2015年10月在我院出生并存在吸入性肺炎的患儿共52例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均接受常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用沐舒坦治疗,观察组采用沐舒坦联合布地奈德治疗。观察治疗效果。结果:观察组总有效率为92.3%,高于对照组,组间比较有差异(P0.05)。结论:沐舒坦联合布地奈德治疗新生儿重症吸入性肺炎,具有良好的临床效果。     

辛伐他汀治疗老年高血脂患者疗效与安全性的最佳剂量研究

目的:观察不同剂量辛伐他汀治疗老年高血脂患者疗效与安全性。方法:将纳入研究的80例老年高血脂患者随机分为高剂量组和低剂量组,各40例。高剂量组给予辛伐他汀剂40 mg/日,低剂量组给予20 mg/日。治疗2个月后观察疗效、血脂水平变化情况,并统计两组不良反应的发生情况。结果:高剂量组总有效率95%显著高于低剂量组的80%(P0.05);治疗后,两组TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平均有改善,与本组治疗前比较均有显著性差异(P均0.05),且高剂量组上述指标改善明显优于低剂量组(P均0.05);治疗期间两组不良反应发生率无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:辛伐他汀高剂量(40 mg/日)治疗老年高血脂的疗效优于低剂量(20 mg/日),且不增加不良反应发生的风险。     

沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床应用分析

目的:探讨沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择2017年1月～2018年2月我院新生儿科收治的76例新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患儿,按照随机数字表法将其分成两组,每组38例。对照组患者采用布地奈德雾化治疗,观察组在对照组的治疗基础上加用沐舒坦治疗,分析和比较两组的治疗效果,患儿治疗前后动脉血气分析指标变化以及预后情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组呼吸困难缓解时间、肺部湿罗音消失时间、发绀消失时间、血氧饱和度恢复时间均显著较对照组短(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后PaCO_2、FIO_2、OI均较治疗前降低,PaO_2均较治疗前上升,其中观察组PaCO_2、FIO_2、OI明显低于对照组,PaO_2高于对照组,上述差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组总并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),患儿治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与布地奈德雾化治疗相比,沐舒坦联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征患儿可以更有效缩短临床症状改善时间,改善患儿肺功能及预后,且安全性更高。     

大剂量氨溴索对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的：评价大剂量盐酸氨溴索（沐舒坦）对肺缺血再灌注损伤（Lungischemiareperfusioninjury,LIRI）的保护作用及其机制。方法：实验选取sD大鼠36只,分为三组：缺血再灌注损伤组;沐舒坦干预组;手术对照组。对大鼠进行左侧开胸并阻断左肺门根部60min,然后进行再灌注6h。沐舒坦干预组再灌注开始时,经股静脉持续6h输入沐舒坦溶液（3．75mg·kg-1．h-1）。分别检测大鼠动脉血氧分压,肺组织湿／干重比值,氧化应激因子（MDA,SOD,GSH-PX）含量,髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活力,细胞因子（TNF-α、MCP-1、TGF-β1）基因mRNA的表达水平,光镜下观察病理组织学改变。结果：（1）大剂量沐舒坦干预后,肺间质水肿、炎症细胞浸润、肺泡内出血、渗出等较再灌注损伤组明显改善（P〈O．05）;肺组织湿／干重比值显著降低（P〈0．05）;动脉血氧分压明显改善（P〈0．05）。（2）大剂量沐舒坦干预后,肺组织MDA、SOD、和GSH—PX含量基本降至正常水平;MPO活力降至手术对照组水平;差异均明显低于缺血再灌注损伤组（P〈0．05）。（3）沐舒坦干预组的TNF-α,MCP-1,TGF．B1基因mRNA表达水平在药物干预后虽未能恢复至正常水平,但是较缺血再灌注损伤组明显降低。结论：大剂量沐舒坦可参与下调肺组织的MDA、SOD、GSH．PX的含量和MPO活力,并通过下调TNF-α、MCP．1、TGF-β1基因rnRNA的表达水平达到减轻LIRI损伤程度的目的。本研究结果表明,沐舒坦通过调控uRJ在形成过程中相关基因的表达来抑制氧化应激损伤,从而有效的减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD 临床观察

目的:探讨噻托溴铵吸入剂对老年吸烟稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法:入选稳定期COPD老年患者92例,随机分为2组各46例,观察组予噻托溴铵吸入剂18微克每日一次,对照组予缓释茶碱0.1克每12小时口服,两组均按需使用沙丁胺醇气雾剂,随访2月,比较两组治疗前后的肺功能与生活质量改善情况。结果:观察组治疗后St George评分明显下降(P<0.01),显著低于对照组(P<0.01),FEV1/FVC、FEV1/Pred、FEV1均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),而对照组治疗前后无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:吸入噻托溴铵能显著改善老年吸烟COPD稳定期患者的肺功能与生活质量。     

加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2018年2月-2019年11月我院收治的97例AECOPD患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=48,噻托溴铵治疗)、研究组(n=49,加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵治疗),比较两组患者疗效、中医证候积分、肺功能、血气指标、炎症因子及不良反应。结果:治疗14 d后研究组临床总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗14 d后中医证候积分均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后动脉血氧分压(PO2)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05),二氧化碳分压(PCO2)下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵治疗AECOPD患者,疗效显著,可有效改善患者临床症状、肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子,且安全可靠。     

Resistance to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment in obese patients with gall stones

In most patients with radiolucent gall stones who were given chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in doses of 13-15 mg/kg body weight/day the bile became unsaturated in cholesterol, and their gall stones dissolved. The patients whose stones did not dissolve were significantly heavier and fatter than the responders, which suggested that obese patients might be “resistant” to the effects of CDCA. To test this hypothesis, 32 consecutive patients presenting for medical treatment of gall stones had their ideal body weight (IBW) and estimated body fat mass calculated. The eight most obese and the eight least obese patients were then selected, and their fasting bile lipid responses to CDCA 13-15 mg/kg/day were measured. The very obese patients were also given larger doses, and any changes in bile lipid composition were studied in relation to subsequent gall-stone dissolution.Before treatment the obese patients had a higher mean biliary cholesterol saturation index than the non-obese patients, and this difference was maintained during treatment with the normal dose of CDCA: the bile in the obese patients remained supersaturated while that in the non-obese became unsaturated with cholesterol. When the obese patients were given larger doses of CDCA their bile ultimately became unsaturated in cholesterol. Gall stones dissolved partially or completely in five of the eight non-obese patients after 6-18 months of 13-15 mg CDCA/kg/day, but none of the obese patients showed any response after comparable periods of treatment with this standard dose. With increased doses and unsaturated bile, however, three of the obese patients showed partial gall-stone dissolution after 3-12 months'' treatment and one showed complete gall-stone dissolution after three years'' treatment.These results suggest that when giving CDCA to patients with gall stones, larger than normal doses (some 18-20 mg/kg/day) should be prescribed. Alternatively the lipid composition of the patients'' bile should be monitored by duodenal intubation and the CDCA dose increased until the bile becomes unsaturated in cholesterol.     

呼吸道病毒感染与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的关系

目的:探讨呼吸道病毒与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)的相关性,以期能为AECOPD的诊治提供参考。方法:选取200例AECOPD患者为研究对象,检测患者肺功能,用Luminex xMAP多重分析技术平台,采集患者咽试子建立多重PCR检测技术,对鼻病毒(RHV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、流感病毒A(INF-A)、流感病毒B(INF-B)、副流感病毒(PIV)、腺病毒(ADV)进行检测。结果:200例患者肺功能分级I级25例,II级62例,III级96例,IV级17例,其构成比分别为17.50%、31.00%、48.00%、8.50%;咽试子共检出呼吸道病毒116株,检出率为58.00%,其中RHV11株、RSV36株、INF-A37株、INF-B19株、PIV10株、ADV3株,检出率分别为5.5%、18.00%、18.50%、9.50%、5.00%、1.50%;肺功能分级I级患者病毒检出率为20.00%,II级为48.39%,III级为69.79%,IV级为82.35%,病毒检出率在不同肺功能AECOPD患者中比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);肺功能分级与病毒检出率直线相关分析结果显示随着肺功能分级的严重程度增加患者咽试子呼吸道病毒检出率明显呈现增高趋势,两者直接具有正相关(r=0.67,P0.05)。结论:COPD患者病情加重与病毒关系密切相关,病毒感染可能参与了COPD患者的病程进展。     

辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者凝血功能的影响研究

摘要 目的：探讨辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（chronic obstructive pulmonary acute exacerbation,AECOPD）患者凝血功能的影响。方法：选取2019年8月~2020年8月我科住院治疗的80例AECOPD患者作为本次研究对象,随机性分为对照组和观察组,每组分别40例。对照组给予常规治疗措施,观察组在对照组的治疗基础上另予辛伐他汀口服。比较两组患者刚入院时、治疗10 d后、30 d后的凝血功能指标、呼吸机使用时间、住院时间及治疗费用。治疗30天后所有患者按照肺功能损害严重程度分级,比较各级患者的凝血功能指标。结果：治疗后10 d和30 d,观察组患者的D-二聚体（D-dimer,DD）、同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,HCY）及纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,FBG）水平均明显减低,凝血酶时间（thrombin time,TT）明显缩短,凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）及活化部分凝血酶时间（activation of partial thrombin time,APTT）明显变长,各项指标与对照组相比较具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组呼吸机使用时长及住院天数均明显低于对照组,治疗费用也明显低于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗30天后按照肺功能中度损害患者的DD、HCY、FBG水平均显著低于重度和极重度患者,TT显著短于重度和极重度患者,PT和APTT显著长于重度和极重度患者（P<0.05）;重度肺功能损害患者的DD、HCY、FBG水平均显著低于极重度患者,TT显著短于极重度患者,PT和APTT显著长于极重度患者（P<0.05）。结论：辛伐他汀能够明显改善AECOPD患者的凝血功能,缩短住院时间,慢阻肺患者肺功能损害程度与其凝血功能异常程度存有一定关联性,肺功能损害程度较重者其凝血功能异常更为明显。     

Neural, pituitary, and mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with X irradiation to the head and N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) during the early postnatal period: a statistical study of tumor incidence and survival

To study the late effects of early postnatal treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) preceded by X irradiation to the head, 226 neonatal CD rats were divided into six groups which received the following treatment: (1) 500-rad X irradiation to the head on the third postnatal day (pnd); (2) injection ip with 30 mg/kg ENU on the fourth pnd; (3) injection ip with 30 mg/kg ENU on the seventh pnd; (4) a combination of 500-rad X irradiation to the head on the third pnd, followed by ip 30 mg/kg ENU on the fourth pnd; (5) a combination of 500-rad X irradiation to the head on the third pnd, followed by ip 30 mg/kg ENU on the seventh pnd; and (6) untreated controls. The results indicate that (1) X irradiation to the head alone significantly extended the life span of females compared to that of control females, and did not affect survival of males; (2) X irradiation did not influence the latent period or mortality from neurogenic tumors when ENU was given 1 or 3 days afterward; (3) ENU itself was a factor in shortening latent periods for mammary tumors; (4) X irradiation alone did not increase the incidence of mammary tumors, and revealed no protective effect on the ENU-induced mammary carcinogenesis; (5) X irradiation increased the prevalence of pituitary tumors in the females; (6) no enhancement of pituitary tumors by ENU was observed: and (7) there was a statistically significant association of pituitary and mammary tumors in females.     

无创正压通气治疗重症社区获得性肺炎临床疗效和预后影响

摘要 目的：考察无创正压机械通气(noninvasive positive-presure ventilation,NIPPV)对重症社区获得性肺炎(Severe community acquired Pneumonia,SCAP)的治疗效果和预后的影响。方法：以2018年7月-2020年2月我院收治的80例SCAP患者为研究对象,采用随机数字法分为无创组和常规组,各40例。两组患者均在在入院后均接受常规治疗,无创组在常规治疗的基础上进行NIPPV治疗。详细记录患者治疗前和治疗后1 h、24 h的体温、呼吸、血压、心率、血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of CO₂,PaCO₂)、氧合指数(PaO₂/FIO₂)、气管插管率、病死率、ICU住院天数,对患者入院的第1、3、7 d的血清可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(soluble urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor,suPAR)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的水平进行检测。结果：治疗后1 h和24 h,无创组患者呼吸、心率、PaCO₂、PaO₂/FIO₂和PH均显著的改善（P＜0.05）,显示NIPPV可明显改善患者肺部气体交换,减慢呼吸频率、提高氧和指数,降低二氧化碳分压;第1 d两组患者的PCT、CRP和suPAR的水平无明显差异（P＞0.05）,相对于第1 d,两组患者第3 d和第7 d的PCT、CRP和suPAR水平均明显的降低（P＜0.05）;相对于常规组,第3 d和第7 d无创组患者的PCT、CRP和suPAR水平有显著的降低（P＜0.05）;与常规组相比,无创组患者的插管率、ICU住院天数和死亡率统计学上无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但均有一定程度上的降低。结论：NIPPV能显著改善SCAP患者的呼气情况,降低血清PCT、CRP和suPAR水平,对降低气管插管率、缩短ICU住院天数,降低患者死亡率有一定的效果。     

Relationship of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics to asthma attacks in aspirin-sensitive patients.

Eleven patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity have been challenged with eight non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Each drug was given by mouth in at least three different doses and the patients'' symptoms and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates were observed over a three-hour period. Indomethacin 5 mg caused bronchoconstriction in all patients. Therapeutic doses of mefenamic or flufenamic acid caused bronchoconstriction in most patients. Phenylbutazone 200-400 mg induced a moderate fall in PEF. There were no reactions to therapeutic doses of salicylamide, paracetamol, benzydamine, and chloroquine. Microsomal prostaglandin synthetase, activity was inhibited by aspirin, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone. The other four drugs had no inhibitory effect. We suggest that precipitation of attacks in asthmatic patients hypersensitive to certain anti-inflammatory drugs is related to drug''s ability to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis.     

High-dosage isosorbide dinitrate therapy for angina.

We investigated the possibility that high dosages (480 mg/d) of isosorbide dinitrate might reduce the frequency of angina attacks in selected patients who had not responded to low dosages of the drug (40 mg/d), and that the patients could tolerate the high levels of medication and maintain their responsiveness over the long term. In the single-blind phases of this trial 24 patients with grade 3 stable angina pectoris were given a placebo for 4 weeks and then increasing doses of isosorbide dinitrate for a further 6 weeks. The 19 patients who both responded to and tolerated high doses of the drug kept taking 480 mg/d for an average of 1 year. The average weekly rate of angina attacks fell by 74%, from 6.05 in the placebo phase to 1.6 during long-term active treatment (p less than 0.01). Nitroglycerin consumption decreased accordingly. The patients'' assessments of their levels of activity and well-being and their angina thresholds showed improvement among most of them. The trend of angina frequency was stable in 12 cases, downward in 6 and upward in only 1 case. Exercise performance as evaluated by a graded treadmill test showed a small but nonsignificant improvement of 18%. It was concluded that some patients who do not respond to the antianginal action of low-dosage isosorbide dinitrate and cannot be given beta-blockers may respond to high dosages and tolerate them for over a year. Isosorbide dinitrate may be clinically useful in patients with coronary heart disease even though their exercise performance is not significantly improved.     

氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血清炎症因子的影响

目的:系统评价氨溴索注射液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效及对患者血清炎症因子CRP及TNF-α的影响。方法:①按照诊断标准共纳入60例患者,按入院或就诊的先后顺序随机分成氨溴索治疗组和对照组,每组30例患者;另设30名COPD稳定期患者作为稳定期对照组。②治疗前后抽取静脉血,待测CRP及TNF-α水平;③对照组患者仅给予抗菌药物及解痉平喘药物等常规治疗;治疗组患者给予常规治疗外,还给予盐酸氨溴索注射液30mg,每天分2次静滴,10天为1疗程;④治疗1疗程后观察临床疗效及血清炎症因子水平的变化。结果:①两组患者在性别,年龄,病程,病情,合并疾病的分布等基线资料上无显著性差异,P>0.05;②AECOPD患者机体炎症因子水平较COPD稳定期患者显著升高,P<0.01;氨溴索治疗组无论在临床疗效抑或降低血清炎症因子水平方面均要优于对照组,P<0.05。结论:盐酸氨溴索注射液辅助治疗可显著降低AECOPD患者血清炎症因子水平,提高临床疗效。     

Objective assessment of antianginal treatment: a double-blind comparison of propranolol,nifedipine, and their combination.

In a double-blind clinical trial the antianginal effects of nifedipine (30 and 60 mg/day) and propranolol 240 and 480 mg/day) and a combination of both drugs were compared with those of placebo in 16 patients with severe exertional angina pectoris. Response to treatment was assessed by the objective criteria of 16-point precordial exercise mapping and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and subjectively by analysis of patients'' daily diaries of episodes of angina and consumption of glyceryl trintrate. The incidence of pain and consumption of glyceryl trinitrate were significantly decreased by each drug compared with placebo, and the combination produced a further significant improvement. Objectively the total area and amount of ST depression on the precordial exercise map and the total number of episodes of ST depression detected on ambulatory monitoring confirmed the efficacy of each treatment regimen; the combination was significantly better than either drug alone (p <0.005). The objective methods permitted greater separation of treatment efficacy and showed reliably that the combination of propranolol and nifedipine was significantly better than either drug alone. Thus this combination is a safe and effective form of treatment for angina.     

Medical practice opinion

To provide an effective continuum of the relief of severe carcinomatous pain with minimal side reactions, we initiated treatment with piroxicam (60 to 120 mg per day) and doxepin hydrochloride (25 to 225 mg per day). Of 30 patients presenting with severe pain of cancer of various origins, 7 continued to death with piroxicam and doxepin therapy. An additional 17 were successfully treated for 6 to 66 weeks with therapy reported here but, as disease progressed, required supplemental narcotics. The remaining six abandoned the use of piroxicam due to complications of therapy, which ranged from diarrhea to gastric perforation; serious complications were associated with patients'' failure to adhere to a prescribed regimen of sucralfate. Therapy with piroxicam and doxepin proved to be safe and efficacious.