326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

目的分析幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法应用~(13)C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例(阳性率为66.56%),健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例(阳性率为22.27%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=100.54,P0.01)。2-6岁组分别与7-9岁组及10-12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(X~2=8.61、21.46,P0.05),7-9岁组较10-12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(X~2=2.62,P0.05)。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%(121/155),男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%(96/171),两者比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=17.55,P0.01),且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%(208/217)。结论H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

STD患者及性高危人群泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况研究

目的:探讨泌尿生殖道支原体在STD患者及性高危人群中的感染状况.方法:采用培养法对421例STD患者、84例性乱者和185例性病伴侣进行解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的检测.结果:STD患者、性乱者和性病伴侣泌尿生殖道支原体感染率分别为42.28%、35.71%和40.0%,与健康人群(13.48%)比较,差异有显著性(x2=56.61、19.44、38.16,P＜0.005).前三者之间比较,差异无显著性(x2=1.25、0.28、0.45,P＞0.05).Uu感染率(15.22%)与Mh(5.22%)比较,前者明显高于后者(x2=37.61,P＜0.005).男性Uu和Mh感染率(分别为8.57%、2.08%)与女性(分别为23.61%、9.18%)比较,女性明显高于男性(x2=29.82、17.36,P＜0.005).Uu和Mh混合感染率(20.43%)明显高于Uu(15.22%)或Mh(5.22%)的单独感染率(x2=6.41、71.45,P值分别为P＜0.05、P＜0.005).结论:Uu和Mh在STD患者、性乱者和性病伴侣中流行、感染率高,在性病的防治和监测工作中应加以重视.     

支气管鼻病毒感染与哮喘患儿发病的相关性

目的:探讨支气管鼻病毒感染与哮喘患儿发病的相关性。方法:选择2012年8月至2015年3月在医院治疗的45例哮喘急性发作期患儿为哮喘发作组和45例哮喘缓解期患儿为哮喘缓解组,并选择同期40例健康体检儿童作为正常组;采用PCR法对鼻病毒基因进行检测以判定患儿感染,采用全血细胞分析仪测定外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数,采用化学发光免疫分析仪测定血清总免疫球蛋白E(T-IgE),对T-IgE与EOS进行相关性分析。结果:哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染14例占31.11%,明显高于对照组0例占0.00%和哮喘缓解组3例占6.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),而哮喘缓解组鼻病毒感染率较对照组无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作组和哮喘缓解组血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而哮喘发作组血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于哮喘缓解组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS明显高于非鼻病毒感染患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。正常组患儿血清T-IgE与EOS无相关性(r=0.325,P0.05);哮喘发作组血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.736,P0.05);哮喘缓解组血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.613,P0.05);哮喘发作组鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS无相关性(r=0.316,P0.05),非鼻病毒感染患儿血清T-IgE与EOS正相关性(r=0.674,P0.05)。结论:鼻病毒感染与儿童哮喘的严重程度有关,且患儿的血清T-IgE越高,越容易发生鼻病毒感染,导致哮喘病情加重。     

慢性胃炎组织病理特征和Hp感染与炎症程度的关系研究

目的:探讨慢性胃炎组织病理特征和Hp感染与慢性炎症程度的关系。方法:抽选我院2010年1月至2016年2月行胃镜检查诊断为慢性胃炎的467例患儿,作胃窦黏膜病理组织学检查,并检测有无HP感染,分析HP感染与慢性胃炎病理特征、慢性炎症程度之间的关系。结果:在病理检查中,轻度、中度、重度炎症反应患儿HP感染率(7.7%、41.2%、51.1%)依次升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),有炎症活动度患儿的HP阳性率76.3%明显高于无炎症活动度患儿23.7%(P0.05)。随着肠化分级加重、淋巴滤泡形成、萎缩程度分级升高等病理变化,Hp阳性率明显升高(P0.05)。轻度、中度、重度炎症三组淋巴滤泡形成、肠化生和胃萎缩发生率明显呈递增趋势,Hp阳性率明显呈递增趋势,比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:Hp是慢性胃炎发病的重要影响因素,与患儿胃窦黏膜炎症程度、活动性、淋巴滤泡形成、肠化分级以及黏膜萎缩萎等病理变化密切相关。     

326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

摘要：目的 分析幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）对儿童缺铁性贫血（IDA）的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法 应用13C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例（阳性率为66.56%）,健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例（阳性率为22.27%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=100.54,P<0.01）。2－6岁组分别与7－9岁组及10－12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=8.61、21.46,P<0.05）,7－9岁组较10－12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.62,P>0.05）。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%（121/155）,男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%（96/171）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.55,P<0.01）,且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%（208/217）。结论 H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

湛江地区小儿肺炎支原体感染调查分析

目的:探讨湛江地区小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染情况.方法:采用日本富士瑞必欧株式会社肺炎支原体抗体检测试剂(SERODI-A-MYCOII),对2005年1月至2008年12月在本院就诊的肺炎患儿进行血清MP抗体检测,对不同年度、不同季节、不同年龄及性别MP肺炎的发病情况进行统计.结果:受检人数2825例,MP抗体阳性率为40.2%.阳性率的多少与不同的年龄段、不同性别有明显区别.0～1岁婴儿期MP感染率为9.5%;1～3岁组幼儿MP感染率为40.4%;4～6岁学龄前期MP感染发病率为45.4%;7～14学龄期MP感染率为48.3%.0～1岁组MP阳性率明显低于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(x2=110.5523,P＜0.01).男、女性肺炎患儿阳性率分别为36%、49.4%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=44.9891,P＜0.01).一年四季均可发病.结论:MP肺炎的发病与年龄、性别、季节和年度有密切关系.     

河北地区26385例女性宫颈细胞HPV基因分型分析

目的分析河北地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染率及感染亚型情况。方法回顾性分析2014年4月到2017年8月来河北省人民医院妇科门诊就诊的26 385例患者,采用荧光定量PCR法对患者宫颈脱落细胞样本进行21种HPV亚型的检测,不同年龄组HPV感染率比较采用卡方检验。结果 26 385例受检者中,HPV感染率为33.05%(8 719/26 385),其中高危型HPV感染率为26.50%(6 992/26 385),阳性患者中占比80.19%(6992/8719);共计检出21种HPV亚型,12 901例次HPV感染,其中高危型HPV感染11 059例次,占比91.46%,感染前三位依次为HPV16、HPV58、HPV52,均为高危亚型;15~25岁和≥56岁年龄组HPV感染率较高,分别与其他三组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=203.281,P0.01;χ~2=42.033,P0.01)。结论妇科门诊患者HPV感染率较高,以高危型HPV感染为主,主要感染型别为HPV16、HPV58、HPV52。15~25岁和≥56岁年龄组HPV感染率相对较高。     

胃癌病理特征改变与幽门螺旋杆菌感染的相关性分析

目的:探究HP感染与胃癌患者病理特征性改变的相关性。方法:选取我院消化内科收治并确诊为胃癌的患者50例,作为胃癌组;确诊为慢性浅表性胃炎的患者50例,作为胃炎组;选取同期进行健康体检未发现胃部异常的患者50例,作为对照组。对三组患者进行快速尿素氮试验、13C尿素呼气试验以及血清抗HPCag A等检查,比较患者HP感染等情况。结果:胃癌组及胃炎组患者HP感染阳性率及抗HPCag A阳性率显著高于对照组,且胃癌组较胃炎组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胃癌早期及进展期患者HP感染率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胃癌组患者非贲门部HP感染率显著高于贲门部及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HP感染是导致胃癌的主要因素,明确HP感染与胃癌病理分期及病变部位的相关性对胃癌的治疗及预防有重要的临床意义。     

STD门诊生殖器溃疡性疾病的病原学研究

目的 了解生殖器溃疡性疾病（GUD）的发病率、病因及其与HIV感染的关系。方法 用暗视野显微镜检查（D-F）、梅毒血清学试验（STS）、酶免疫法（EIA）检测HSV抗原和HD培养等方法检测322例生殖器溃疡标本中TP、HSV和HD,并进行血清HIV抗体检测。结果 在8 999例STD门诊患者中,GUD患者322例（3.58%,322/8 999）;在322例GUD患者中,梅毒85例（26.4%,85/322）,生殖器疱疹74例（26.09%,84/322）,软下疳0例（0,0/322）,病因不明的GUD为153例（47.52%,153/322）;其中GUD患者的HIV感染率为1.86%（6/322）,梅毒患者的HIV感染率为4.70%（4/85）,生殖器疱疹患者的HIV感染率为1.19%（1/84）,其他GUD的HIV感染率为0.65%（1/153）。比较三者的HIV感染率发现,梅毒的HIV感染率高于生殖器疱疹和其他GUD患者（4.70%vs1.19%,χ^2=0.24,P＞0.05,OR=3.04,95%CI=0.31-29.93;4.70% vs 0.65%,χ^2=1.29,P＞0.05,OR=5.63,95%CI=0.58-55.06）,但两者差异无显著性;GH患者的HIV感染率与其他GUD患者的HIV感染率相比,差异无显著性（1.19% vs 0.65%,χ^2=0.00,P＞0.05,OR=1.85,95% CI=0.11-30.00）。结论 在性病门诊中,GUD的主要病因为梅毒和生殖器疱疹,且存在混合性感染;梅毒与HIV的感染有一定关系.     

幽门螺杆菌根除治疗对帕金森病患者运动症状的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)根除治疗对帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状的影响及其安全性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选取2013年1月-2015年10月医院收治的PD患者120例,根据尿素呼吸试验(UBT)检测结果,将PD患者分为HP组(n=32)和非HP组(n=88),两组均进行抗PD的常规治疗,HP组在此基础上采用HP根除治疗(奥美拉唑+克拉霉素+阿莫西林),采用帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)评估两组患者治疗前后的运动症状,并对治疗过程中的不良反应进行统计分析。结果:120例PD患者中,HP感染32例占26.67%,经HP根除治疗后,HP检测阴性者26人,成功根除率81.25%。组间比较,治疗前两组UPDRS Ⅳ评分有统计学差异(P0.05),而UPDRS Ⅲ评分、Hoehn-Yahr分级、"开"期和"关"期时间无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后两组"开"期和"关"期时间存在统计学差异(P0.05),而UPDRS Ⅲ评分、UPDRS Ⅳ评分、Hoehn-Yahr分级无统计学差异(P0.05)。组内比较,治疗后,HP组UPDRS Ⅲ评分和UPDRS Ⅳ评分均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且"开"期时间明显延长,"关"期时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而非HP组治疗前后上述各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。HP根除组不良反应发生率与非HP组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HP感染与PD的发生有关,HP根除治疗能显著改善PD患者的运动症状,安全有效,值得临床推广使用。     

幽门螺杆菌根除治疗对消化性溃疡患者血清胃泌素水平的影响

目的 观察幽门螺杆菌(H．pylori)根除治疗对消化性溃疡患者血清胃泌素水平的影响,为该病治疗提供参考.方法 选择我院2017年8月至2019年8月收治的120例H.pylori感染的消化性溃疡患者作为观察组,根据H.pylori分型结果进一步分为HPⅠ型组和HPⅡ型组,观察组患者接受根除幽门螺杆菌治疗.选择同期入院...     

微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测在小儿缺铁性贫血中的诊断价值

目的:探讨微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测在小儿缺铁性贫血(IDA)中的诊断价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2016年1月于我院进行治疗的小儿缺铁性贫血(IDA)患儿130例作为缺铁性贫血(IDA)组及同期于我院进行常规体检的健康儿童40例作为对照组。检测和比较其钙、镁、铜、铁、锌、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)水平,并比较微量元素五项、红细胞四项检查以及两者联合对IDA患儿的诊断效能。结果:缺铁性贫血(IDA)组患儿微量元素镁、铁、锌含量以及Hb、MCV、MCH及MCHC水平均明显低于对照组儿童,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组儿童微量元素钙、铜含量比较差异不显著(P0.05)。微量元素五项联合红细胞四项的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于微量元素五项和红细胞四项(P0.05)。结论:IDA患儿微量元素镁、铁、锌含量以及Hb、MCV、MCH及MCHC水平较低,微量元素五项联合红细胞四项检测可以提高小儿IDA的检出率。     

An Insight into the Relationships between Hepcidin,Anemia, Infections and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pediatric Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is increased in response to inflammation and some infections, but the in vivo role of hepcidin, particularly in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is unclear. We investigated the relationships between hepcidin, cytokines and iron status in a pediatric population with a high prevalence of both anemia and co-morbid infections.

Methodology/Principal Findings

African refugee children <16 years were consecutively recruited at the initial post-resettlement health check with 181 children meeting inclusion criteria. Data on hematological parameters, cytokine levels and co-morbid infections (Helicobacter pylori, helminth and malaria) were obtained and urinary hepcidin assays performed. The primary outcome measure was urinary hepcidin levels in children with and without iron deficiency (ID) and/or ID anaemia (IDA). The secondary outcome measures included were the relationship between co-morbid infections and (i) ID and IDA, (ii) urinary hepcidin levels and (iii) cytokine levels. IDA was present in 25/181 (13.8%). Children with IDA had significantly lower hepcidin levels (IDA median hepcidin 0.14 nmol/mmol Cr (interquartile range 0.05–0.061) versus non-IDA 2.96 nmol/mmol Cr, (IQR 0.95–6.72), p<0.001). Hemoglobin, log-ferritin, iron, mean cell volume (MCV) and transferrin saturation were positively associated with log-hepcidin levels (log-ferritin beta coefficient (β): 1.30, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.57) and transferrin was inversely associated (β: −0.12, 95% CI −0.15 to −0.08). Cytokine levels (including IL-6) and co-morbid infections were not associated with IDA or hepcidin levels.

Conclusions/Significance

This is the largest pediatric study of the in vivo associations between hepcidin, iron status and cytokines. Gastro-intestinal infections (H. pylori and helminths) did not elevate urinary hepcidin or IL-6 levels in refugee children, nor were they associated with IDA. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies of IDA will further elucidate the role of hepcidin in paediatric iron regulation.     

血清Hepcidin 水平在老年缺铁性贫血和慢性病贫血诊断中的临床应用

目的:探讨血清铁调素(Hepcidin)在老年人群缺铁性贫血(IDA)和慢性病贫血(ACD)中的应用价值。方法:选择老年IDA患者32例,老年ACD患者34例,健康对照组28例。检测对比三组血清Hepcidin、血清铁(SI)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、白细胞数(WBC)水平。结果:ACD组中WBC明显高于IDA组(P0.05)。血清Hepcidin在IDA组、ACD组及对照组之间具有显著性差异(P0.05),IDA组中Hepcidin含量比对照组低,而ACD组中Hepcidin含量比对照组高(P0.05)。IDA组、ACD组中SI明显低于对照组(P0.05),而两组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。ACD组中SF、CRP均明显高于IDA组与对照组(P0.05)。Hepcidin诊断IDA组的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值大于诊断ACD组,IDA组的诊断指数高于ACD组。结论:血清Hepcidin含量的检测对于鉴别IDA和ACD具有重要的意义。     

Increased serum copper and decreased serum zinc levels in children with iron deficiency anemia

In order to evaluate serum copper and zinc status in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 60 children with IDA aged 1–14 yr and 64 healthy children as controls aged 1–14 yr were included the study. Serum copper levels were higher in children with IDA (189 ± 49 (Μg/dL) than those of controls (163 ± 37 Μg/dL) (p = 0.001). Serum zinc levels were lower in the patient group (109 ± 59 Μg/dL) than those of control subjects (135 ± 56 Μg/dL) (p = 0.017). In addition, there were statistically significant negative correlations between hematological parameters and serum copper levels in the patient group, but not in controls. No correlation between hematological parameters and serum zinc levels were found in both patient and control groups, except positive correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum zinc level in patients. It was concluded that at the time of managing children with IDA, zinc deficiency must be borne in mind and if necessary treatment should be initiated with zinc.     

淮南地区幽门螺杆菌感染个体菌株基因多态性与感染结局的影响

目的:探讨淮南地区幽门螺杆菌感染个体菌株基因多态性及其与感染结局的影响。方法:选取125例幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori,HP)感染的慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡患者,常规获取胃窦、胃体部粘膜,进行HP分离、培养,提取HP基因组DNA,采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)指纹分析法检测菌株基因多态性;125例患者均给予质子泵抑制、H2受体拮抗剂、铋剂为基础的三联或四联疗法治疗,治疗后4~6周进行14C-尿素呼气试验评估Hp根除情况;获取HP根除失败患者的胃窦、胃体黏膜进行HP分离、培养、鉴定,并采用RAPD指纹分析法检测菌株来源,评估HP基因多态性对治疗结局的影响。结果:cagA、iceA1、iceA2、vacAs1、vacAm1、babA2阳性率分别为92.80%、36.00%、93.60%、93.60%、29.50%、53.50%,cagA、iceA2、vacAs阳性率均高于其他基因类型阳性率(P0.05或P0.01),其他基因类型阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经治疗后HP根除率为86.4%(107/125),14.4%(18/125)根除失败;18例根除失败患者中,15例患者治疗前后的菌株具有相同的指纹图谱,证实为原菌株复发,其中cagA、iceA1、iceA2、vacAs1、vacAm1、babA2阳性率分别为93.33%、13.33%、86.67%、93.33%、6.67%、20.00%,cagA、iceA2、vacAs阳性率均高于其他基因类型阳性率(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:cagA+、vacAs+、iceA2+为淮南地区HP感染的优势基因型,该基因型易导致HP根除失败;未发现babA2与HP感染结局存在相关性。     

The Expression of Iron-repressible Outer Membrane Proteins in Helicobacter pylori and Its Association with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is known to be a cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) that is unresponsive to iron supplements. H. pylori bind iron to a specific receptor by iron-repressible outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) under conditions of restricted iron.
Materials and Methods: We compared the expression of IROMPs from strains of H. pylori under both iron-restricted and iron-supplemented conditions to determine the difference between strains with and without IDA. One standard strain, two clinical strains, and three IDA strains were cultured; and then the IROMPs were extracted under iron-restricted and iron-supplemented conditions. We used SDS-PAGE to compare the expression of the IROMPs from each strain.
Results:  IROMPs were found in IDA strains under iron-restricted conditions and their molecular sizes were estimated to be 56, 48, 41, and 37 kDa. In the iron-repleted media, the IROMPs were no longer present.
Conclusion: In the iron-depleted state, specific H. pylori strains associated with IDA demonstrated an advantage in iron acquisition due to a higher expression of IROMPs. Our results can explain in part why some patients with H. pylori infection are more prone to develop clinical IDA under restricted iron conditions in the host.     

Candidemia at selected Canadian sites: results from the Fungal Disease Registry, 1992-1994

BACKGROUND: Candida species are important bloodstream pathogens that are being isolated with increasing frequency. Despite the availability of effective antifungal therapy, the mortality rate associated with Candida infection remains high. With the objective of describing the epidemiology of candidemia, the Canadian Infectious Disease Society conducted a study of candidemia in Canada. METHODS: Fourteen medical centres across Canada identified all patients with candidemia from March 1992 to February 1994 through blood culture surveillance for Candida spp. Patient-related data for invasive fungal infection were compiled retrospectively by chart review using a standardized data-recording form developed for the Fungal Disease Registry of the Canadian Infectious Disease Society. Cases of Candidemia were studied in relation to underlying medical conditions, predisposing factors, concurrent infection, antimicrobial agents, antifungal treatment and deaths. RESULTS: In total, 415 cases of candidemia were identified, 48 (11.6%) in children and 367 (88.4%) in adults. The causative pathogens were C. albicans in 286 cases (68.9%), C. parapsilosis in 43 (10.4%), C. glabrata in 34 (8.2%), C. tropicalis in 27 (6.5%) and other Candida species in 18 (4.3%); polymicrobial candidemia occurred in 7 cases (1.7%). The overall mortality rate was 46%, and the rate of deaths clinically related to candidemia was 19%. However, only 13 (27%) of the children died. A univariate analysis indicated that significant risk factors for death were age greater than 60 years, therapy for concomitant bacterial infection, stay in an intensive care unit, concurrent malignant disease, cytotoxic chemotherapy and granulocytopenia, although only age and stay in an intensive care unit emerged as significant risk factors in the multivariate analysis. After adjustment for other predictors of death, only infection with C. parapsilosis was associated with a lower mortality rate than infection with C. albicans. Treatment was given in 352 (84.8%) of cases. Amphotericin B was the preferred agent in 244 cases (69.3% of those treated); fluconazole was used in 101 cases (28.7%) and ketoconazole in 5 cases (1.4%). INTERPRETATION: Candidemia in Canada is caused predominantly by C. albicans. The mortality rate associated with candidemia is high, but it varies with the species of Candida and is lower in children than in adults. Age greater than 60 years and stay in an intensive care unit were the most significant risk factors for overall mortality.