CT及MRI在直肠癌诊断和分期的应用价值研究

目的:探究在直肠癌的诊断以及分期方面,CT与MRI技术的应用价值。方法:选取我院近年来经过病理检测,确诊为直肠癌的患者160例,随机分为两个实验组,其中一组采取CT成像方法,另一组患者采取MRI成像。并记录在不同的分期中CT及MRI的应用价值。CT诊断包含了常规CT平扫以及CT增强扫描,MRI诊断包括轴位DWI、T2W1冠状位以及矢状位、轴位T1WI、轴位T2WI的图像。结果:在直肠癌的诊断中,CT诊断的T分期与病理性T分期差异不大,其准确率为70.0%。MRI诊断的T分期和病理性T分期差异极小,其准确率为85.0%。CT诊断的N分期与病理性N分期差异不大,准确率为72.5%;MRI诊断的N分期与病理性N分期差异较小,其准确率为87.5%。CT诊断的T分期以及N分期的准确率与MRI诊断的T分期以及N分期的准确率之间差异均存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在直肠癌的术前诊断以及局部分期中,MRI诊断与CT诊断相比,有更高的诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT对胃癌术前分期的准确性评价

目的:评价多层螺旋CT对胃癌术前分期的准确性.方法:对78例经胃镜活捡证实为胃癌的患者进行MSCT增强扫描,其中67例经历了手术治疗,并获得术后病理结果.由两位资深放射科医师对影像学资料进行分析,轴位和MPR影像用于术前TNM分期,N分期分别采用UICCTNM分期和日本分期,两种分期的准确性比较采用McNemar检验进行统计学分析.结果:轴位和轴位结合MPR影像的总体T分期准确率分别为67%(45/67)和78%(52/67)(P＜0.05),总体N分期的准确率分别是61%(41/67)和67%(45/67)(P＞0.05,日本分期),54%(36/67)和60%(40/67)(P＞0.05,UICC TNM分期),总体M分期准确率为93%(73/78).结论:服水低张动态增强MSCT对胃癌术前TNM分期具有很高的准确性,MPR能提高胃癌T分期的准确率,但不能提高N分期的准确率.     

MRI在喉癌术前分期中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MRI在喉癌术前诊断、分期中的临床应用价值。方法:对114例行电子喉镜检查并经病理学证实为喉癌的患者行术前MRI扫描,根据图像资料判断肿瘤侵及范围及判断有无淋巴结转移;同时进行术前分期、分型,并与术后病理分期、分型对照研究。结果:术前MRI T1期27例,其中25例经病理证实为T1期,2例为T2期,准确率为92.6%;术前MRI T2期39例,其中经病理证实35例为T2期,3例T1期,1例T3期,准确率为89.7%;术前MRI T3期29例,其中经病理证实25例为T3期,4例T2期,准确率为86.2%;术前MRI T4期17例,其中经病理证实15例为T4期,2例T3期,准确率为88.2%;MRI术前T分期总准确率为87.7%。N1期准确率为81.8%,N2期准确率为94.1%。结论:MRI图像能很好地显示喉癌肿块的侵及范围及淋巴结转移等,对喉癌的术前分期、分型及制定合理的手术方案具有指导意义。     

增强CT和18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌术前分期评估中的临床价值比较

目的:对比评估增强计算机断层扫描(contrast enhancement computed tomography,CECT)和~(18)F-FDG正电子发射计算机断层扫描(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)在胃癌术前分期中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的胃癌患者的术前CECT(27例)及~(18)F-FDG PET/CT(39例)图像,于两种影像学手段下,双盲法判定每位患者胃癌的TNM分期,然后分别计算每种影像学方法在胃癌术前分期中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。两种影像学方法的差异比较采用Pearson卡方检验。结果:CECT和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胃癌T分期的敏感性、阳性预测值和准确性分别是100.00%、72.73%、59.26%和100.00%、90.91%、76.92%;CECT和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胃癌N分期的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别是75.00%、71.43%、88.24%、50.00%、74.07%和42.86%、92.00%、75.00%、74.19%、35.90%。结论:CECT和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT均可用于胃癌术前分期的预估,尤其在N分期方面,CECT的敏感性和准确性高于~(18)F-FDG PET/CT。     

肿瘤标志物CEA、CA199对结直肠癌TNM分期的预判价值

目的:探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、CA199浓度变化在结直肠癌TNM分期中的预判价值。方法:回顾我院2010年1月~2013年10月收治的经手术治疗的结、直肠癌患者(共96例)的有关资料,分析其术前CEA、CA199浓度水平与术后病理确定TNM分期结果的相互关系,进行相应的统计学检测。结果:结直肠癌Ⅰ~Ⅳ期CEA浓度依次为4.28±1.78、6.92±2.01、23.99±6.49和362.64±158.80 ng/mL,CA199浓度依次为12.58±2.98、13.37±2.62、36.84±10.33和238.71±103.69 U/mL,肿瘤标志物CEA、CA199的浓度随TNM分期升级而增高,通过Kruskal-Wallis秩检验分析及Spearman秩相关分析,表明CEA、CA199的血清浓度与TNM分期明显相关(P0.01)。结论:CEA、CA199血清浓度与TNM分期呈正相关,而年龄与CEA、CA199在各期中的浓度无明显相关性。因此,应用CEA、CA199的血清学测定在一定程度上具有预判结直肠癌TNM分期的价值。     

结直肠癌患者血浆甲基化Sept9基因的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨甲基化Sept9基因在结直肠癌患者血浆中的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2015年1月~2017年3月经陕西省人民医院病理证实的结直肠癌患者87例(结直肠癌组)、结直肠息肉患者79例(结直肠息肉组)、健康体检者93例(健康对照组)作为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测其外周血血浆Sept9基因甲基化情况,比较三组甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达率,分析甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达与结直肠癌病理特征的关系。结果:血浆甲基化Sept9基因在结直肠癌组、结直肠息肉组、健康对照组的阳性表达率分别为71.26%(62/87)、5.06%(4/79)、3.23%(3/93),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血浆甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达与结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病理分型、血管侵犯、神经侵犯无关(P0.05),与肿瘤最大径、浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关(P0.05);结直肠癌患者血浆甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达率为71.26%(62/87),高于血清CEA的54.02%(47/87)、CA199的35.63%(31/87)、CA724的33.33%(29/87)、CA125的21.84%(19/87),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结直肠癌患者外周血血浆甲基化Sept9基因呈高表达状态,早期检测甲基化Sept9基因表达水平在结直肠癌的诊断及病情评估中有重要意义。     

多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌中的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年2月至2019年2月我院接诊的72例经过手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者。比较多排螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、胰腺期、门脉期的检出率、神经、血管浸润情况、及选择55例正常胰腺组织比较两者多层螺旋CT扫描密度值的差异。结果:多层螺旋CT扫描,平扫、动脉期、胰腺期、门脉期检出率分别为63.89%、77.78%、95.83%、90.28%,胰腺期、门脉期检出率均显著高于平扫、动脉期(P<0.05);多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断胰腺癌神经浸润的准确性为80.56%(58/72),敏感性为91.07%(51/56),特异性为43.75%(7/16),阳性预测值85.00%(51/60),阴性预测值58.33%(7/12);多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断胰腺癌血管浸润的准确性为95.83%(69/72),敏感性为80.00%(8/10),特异性为98.39%(61/62),阳性预测值88.89%(8/9),阴性预测值96.83%(61/63);胰腺癌组织多层螺旋CT扫描密度值均显著高于正常胰腺组织密度值,(P<0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT在胰腺癌中诊断价值高,可帮助临床提供正确诊断,以选择合适的治疗方案。     

64排螺旋CT对粗隆间骨折Evans分型的影响研究

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT对粗隆间骨折Evans分型的影响,为临床使用提供参考依据。方法:2015年3月至2017年3月,三甲医院高年资创伤骨科主任医师2名,医师1、医师2分别按照术前X线、术前64排螺旋CT平扫和三位重建结果对128例新鲜闭合单侧粗隆间骨折患者进行Evans分型,分别记为X线分型、CT分型。本院术者依据围术期X线、CT及术中所见骨折情况进行Evans分型(逆粗隆间骨折定义为Ⅴ型)作为最终分型。记录分型结果,计算并对比准确率、误诊率。结果:(1)剔除5例,90.09%(123/128)的患者完成研究。(2)分型结果:X线分型中,3例(最终分型Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型1例)无法定型;Ⅰ型正确1例,改为Ⅱ型1例;Ⅱ型正确18例,改为Ⅰ型2例,改为Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型2例;Ⅲ型正确45例,改为Ⅱ型7例,改为Ⅳ型1例;Ⅳ型正确19例,改为Ⅱ型3例,改为Ⅲ型15例。CT分型中,Ⅰ型正确3例,Ⅱ型正确29例,Ⅲ型正确64例,改为Ⅳ型1例,Ⅳ型正确22例,Ⅴ型正确3例。(3)CT分型的总准确率、总误诊率优于X线分型(99.19%vs67.48%、0.81%vs30.08%,P0.05)。(4)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型骨折进行CT分型,准确率高于X线分型(P0.05),误诊率低于X线分型(P0.05);Ⅴ型骨折,两种分型准确率、误诊率相等。结论:64排螺旋CT平扫及三维重建是粗隆间骨折Evans分型较为可靠的辅助检查,可考虑推广运用。     

MRI动态增强扫描在子宫恶性肿瘤分期中的价值

目的探讨MRI动态增强扫描诊断子宫恶性肿瘤分期的价值。方法选取2016年11月～2017年11月我院收治的经病理确诊为子宫恶性肿瘤患者43例,所有患者术前给予横断面T1WI、横断面T2WI、矢状面T2WI STIR、Gd-DTPA动态增强矢状面、常规横断面以及矢状面T1WI增强扫描,分析动态增强扫描与常规序列扫描的肿瘤图像、结合带及子宫肌层情况,评估MRI动态增强扫描诊断子宫恶性肿瘤分期的价值。结果 MRI动态增强扫描图像可见子宫结合带和子宫肌层显示良好,且未见明显侵犯;DCE-MRI(动脉晚期)可见子宫后下方结合带部分毛糙,并累及浅肌层。43例子宫恶性肿瘤患者中,术后病理Ⅰ期36例,其中Ⅰa期6例,Ⅰb期25例,Ⅰc期5例;Ⅱ期5例;Ⅲ期2例。4例子宫内膜间质肉瘤患者均为Ⅱ期。术后病理检测诊断子宫内膜癌Ⅰa期和Ⅱ期准确率均高于常规序列组(P0.05);常规序列扫描与动态增强扫描诊断Ⅰb期和Ⅱ期的准确率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MRI动态增强扫描诊断子宫恶性肿瘤有显著价值,能够清晰显示子宫恶性肿瘤范围和组织侵犯情况,对手术前分期以及治疗措施的选择有指导意义。     

X线片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的对比研究

目的:对比X线平片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的效果。方法:选取了100例周围型肺癌患者,所有患者入院后先行X线片检查,后进行多层螺旋CT检查。通过观察并记录X线片与多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的影像学特征、临床TNM分期的诊断效果,评价X线平片和多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的诊断效果。结果:多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的肿块、分叶征、支气管气象征、空洞、胸膜凹陷、血管集束征,胸腔积液的检出率均高于X线片(P0.05)。根据外科病理TNM分期结果,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为92.0%,X线对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为61.0%,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率明显高于X线(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对于周围型肺癌各类型影像学征象具有较好的检出率,对周围型肺癌临床TNM分期诊断准确性接近病理诊断结果。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.