多元化管理模式对急诊肝病患者的效果观察

目的:近年来,急诊收治的不同病症的肝病患者越来越多,给医护人员带来很大的工作压力,以致工作频频出错,影响护理质量和患者的临床疗效。本文针对急诊肝病患者采取多元化管理模式进行护理,探讨该模式的特点及作用,为肝病的临床护理工作提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2011年10月-2012年12月我院急诊科收治的160例肝病患者,分为常规组和管理组。常规组采取基础护理,观察组采取多元化管理模式进行护理,包括人性化管理、分层级管理、情绪管理及环境管理。观察并比较两组患者对护理工作的满意度、护理工作的落实情况及患者的依从性。结果:管理组患者对护理服务的满意度为98.7%,护理工作落实率为97.62%,患者依从性为90.46%;常规组患者对护理服务的满意度为77.5%,护理工作落实率为94.58%,患者依从性为87.82%;管理组的患者满意度、护理工作落实情况及患者依从性均优于对照组,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采取多元化管理模式进行护理有助于提高护理质量,推进急诊工作顺利进行,更有利于提高肝病患者的临床疗效及对护理工作的满意度,该模式对临床护理工作有重要的指导意义,值得推广。     

经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗与标准抗凝治疗用于急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床效果比较

目的:分析和比较经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗与单纯标准抗凝治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床效果的安全性。方法:回顾性分析93例中央型(髂股静脉)和混合型(全下肢深静脉)深静脉血栓患者临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同分为导管溶栓治疗组(试验组)65例、单纯抗凝治疗组(对照组)28例,比较两组患者治疗后患肢消肿率、下肢深静脉血栓的溶栓率及并发症的发生率。结果:治疗后,试验组患者患肢大腿消肿率[(83.03±4.53)%]显著高于对照组[(50.42±7.41)%](P0.05);患肢小腿消肿率[(76.48±8.24)%]亦显著高于对照组(54.95±8.14)%(P0.05)。试验组患者下肢深静脉血栓溶栓有效率为92.31%(60/65),显著高于对照组[14.29%(4/28)](P0.05)。随访半年后,试验组患者下肢血管的通畅率为90.67%(57/65),PTS率为7.69%(5/65);而对照组患者下肢血管的通畅率为21.42%(6/28),PTS率为14.28%(4/28)。试验组血管通畅率明显高于对照组(P0.05),而PTS发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗急性中央型和混合型下肢深静脉血栓的短期疗效优于单纯抗凝治疗,且两种方法的安全性相当。     

导管接触溶栓与机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的对比研究

目的:评价导管接触溶栓与机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析162例急性下肢深静脉血栓(髂股静脉血栓)形成患者临床资料,其中导管溶栓治疗组(A组)80例、机械辅助吸栓组(B组)82例,比较两组患者治疗后患肢深静脉溶栓率、消肿率、并发症发生率、治疗时间的差异。结果:急性下肢髂股静脉血栓溶栓率B组(46.45±11.56)%显著高于A组(32.05±10.7)%(P0.05)。患肢消肿率B组(68.68±10.75)%和A组(41.34±11.26)%有明显统计学差异(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率无明显统计学意义。两组溶栓时间A组明显长于B组,两组间比较有明显统计学差异。结论:机械辅助吸栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓早期疗效好于导管接触溶栓。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成及其并发症38例护理体会

目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成及其并发症的护理措施,以提高护理质量。方法对我科收治的38例下肢深静脉血栓形成行溶栓治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 38例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者经溶栓治疗及精心护理后,患者临床症状明显缓解、痛苦减轻,未发生肺动脉栓塞。结论下肢深静脉血栓形成患者通过溶栓治疗及实施持续有效的护理措施,避免了肺动脉栓塞的发生,提高患者生存质量的同时也提高了护理满意度。     

临床护理路径在急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗中的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径在急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗中的应用。方法选2013年5月至2014年12月在我院采用静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者72例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和治疗组各36例,对照组给予常规护理方式,治疗组引入临床护理路径,比较两组患者的临床疗效、平均住院时间及患者满意度。结果治疗组患者的住院时间低于对照组,而临床疗效及患者满意度明显高于对照组,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对急性脑梗死患者在静脉溶栓治疗中采用临床护理路径模式,可提高患者的治疗效果及患者满意度,降低治疗过程中的并发症,值得在临床上推广应用。     

患肢加压溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效及护理效应

目的:探讨止血带结扎患肢,从足背浅静脉推注尿激酶治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效及护理效应。方法:对62例下肢深静脉血栓患者经患肢足背静脉穿刺,踝关节上用止血带阻断浅静脉后,推注中等剂量尿激酶.通过测量腿围和彩超结果来评价是否有效。并采用多种护理辅助手段辅助治疗。结果:临床症状迅速改善,有效率22.5%,显效率77.5%。结论:此方法操作简单,所用材料价格便宜,临床效果明显,值得推广应用。     

医用弹力袜联合空气波压力治疗仪对预防髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效观察

目的探讨医用弹力袜联合空气波压力对人工髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的影响。方法选择2016年7月~2017年12月在我院行人工髋关节置换术患者78例,随机分为实验组和对照组各39例。对照组采用常规护理措施,实验组在对照组基础上应用医用弹力袜联合空气波压力进行辅助治疗,比较两组下肢肿胀发生率、DVT发生率以及患者满意度情况。结果实验组患者下肢肿胀发生率为7.69%、DVT发生率为2.56%、护理满意度为97.43%,对照组患者下肢肿胀发生率为20.51、DVT发生率为12.82%、护理满意率为79.49%,两组比较各指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工髋关节置换术后采用医用弹力袜联合空气波压力治疗能有效减轻下肢肿胀和预防下肢深静脉血栓的形成,患者满意度高,值得临床推广。     

大剂量尿激酶治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成18例报告

目的：探讨大剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的临床效果。方法：本组18例DVT患者,先将0．9％的生理盐水(N．S）50ml＋尿激酶（UK）50万U,由患肢远端静脉推入,5分钟推完,然后由健肢、患肢分别将0．9％N．S1000ml UK100万U持续24小时静脉滴入,1次／日,共7－10天。结果：12例痊愈,6例显效,总治愈率为100％,未出现肺梗塞、脑溢血和死亡病例。结论：急性下肢深静脉血栓形成时,应用大剂量尿激酶,能显著提高患肢血管通畅率。     

优质服务对结肠癌手术患者早期康复治疗的效果及满意度调查

目的:探讨优质护理服务对结肠癌患者术后恢复的临床效果,为提高临床护理质量提供参考。方法:选取2011年4月-2013年9月在我院胃肠外科接受手术治疗并住院观察的患者76例,随机分为优质服务组和常规护理组,每组38例。优质服务组患者接受心理护理、饮食管理及健康教育等优质护理服务,而常规护理组则接受基本的护理方法。比较两组患者术后的临床疗效,并对护理服务的满意度进行问卷调查。结果:优质护理服务组患者术后拔管时间、排气时间、下床活动时间及住院时间均显著优于常规护理组,且并发症的发生率较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。优质护理服务组患者对心理护理、饮食管理、健康教育、护患沟通、服务态度及专业技能的满意度评分明显高于常规护理组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:优质护理对结肠癌患者术后的早期康复治疗具有良好的效果,充分满足患者的合理需求,提高了护理质量及患者满意度,值得推广采用。     

置管溶栓与药物机械溶栓对急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效对比

摘要 目的：对比分析置管溶栓（CDT）与药物机械溶栓（PMT）对急性下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的安全性与有效性。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月在重庆医科大学附属巴南医院的98例单侧DVT患者临床资料,依据不同的治疗方式分为药物机械溶栓组（PMT组）48例和置管溶栓组（CDT组）50例,对比分析两组患者的围手术期指标、治疗后患侧大腿消肿率和小腿消肿率、血栓溶解率、并发症发生率及术后1年的PTS发生率。结果：PMT组患者的尿激酶使用量及住院时间较CDT组显著缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但术中出血较CDT组显著增加,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,PMT组患者的患肢消肿率和血栓溶解率显著高于CDT组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组患者的并发症发生率及术后1年的深静脉血栓形成后遗症发生（PTS）率无显著统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：PMT比CDT具有更好的患肢消肿率及血栓溶解率,且PMT治疗能显著缩短住院时间及减少尿激酶用量,但两者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后1年PTS发生率无显著差异。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418