丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注（cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R）损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞（middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO）2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果：与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少（P〈0.05）,水肿程度显著减轻（P〈0.05）,神经功能学评分显著下降（P〈0.05）。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降（P〈0.05）;丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。     

参附注射液对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨参附注射液对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:将SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组、模型对照组、尼莫地平组(30 mg/kg)和参附注射液组(10 mg/kg)。采用Pulsinelli’s四动脉阻断法造成全脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型(CI/R),分别于手术前1 d,术前1 h和再灌注前30 min给药,共3次。分别用高效液相色谱法测定脑组织谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly)含量,原子吸收分光光度测定Ca2+含量,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,化学比色法测定脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与假手术组比较,CI/R模型组大鼠脑组织Glu、Ca2+、MDA含量和含水量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05);参附注射液能显著降低脑组织Glu、Ca2+含量和含水量(P<0.05,P<0.01),显著升高SOD活性及SOD/MAD比值(P<0.05)。结论:参附注射液防治脑缺血/再灌注损伤的机制与降低兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)毒性、阻滞Ca2+超载和提高抗氧化能力有关。     

丹参酚酸B通过Nrf2/HO-1对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究丹参酚酸B对脑缺血/再灌注(Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:通过结扎颈总动脉缺血2 h再灌注48 h复制CI/R模型,将实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、丹参酚酸B组,每组10只,培养大脑皮层神经细胞,分别给予0,10,25,50 umol/L的丹参酚酸B。通过2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑蓝(TTC)染法测定大鼠脑梗死面积,Western Blot检测大鼠Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平以及细胞中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平。再通过细胞缺氧缺糖模型,检测不同浓度丹参酚酸B对于细胞死亡率及细胞内ROS水平以及转染Nrf2或HO-1 si RNA后细胞死亡率及细胞内ROS水平。结果:与模型组比较,丹参酚酸B组的大鼠脑梗死面积明显减小,脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显增加(P0.05)。大脑皮层细胞中,随着丹参酚酸B浓度增加,细胞HO-1蛋白及细胞核中Nrf2蛋白表达水平逐渐提高,而细胞质中Nrf2蛋白表达水平逐渐降低(P0.05)。细胞缺糖缺氧条件下,与对照组相比,丹参酚酸B组均能够降低细胞的死亡率及细胞内ROS水平,敲除Nrf2或HO-1后,丹参酚酸B组的细胞死亡率与细胞内ROS水平均有明显减低(P0.05)。结论:丹参酚酸B对大鼠CI/R具有保护作用,其作用机制可能通过Nrf2/HO-1减轻CI/R所造成的氧化应激损伤。     

冰片"引经" 丹参对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:探讨丹参单用与丹参冰片合用对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤的影响。方法:结扎颈总动脉缺血2 h再灌注48 h复制CI/R模型,将实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、丹参组以及丹参-冰片组,每组8只。采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑蓝(TTC)染法测定脑梗死面积,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察心肌病理学形态变化,并检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平以及细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,丹参单用与丹参-冰片组神经功能学评分均明显降低,脑梗死面积缩小,脑组织的病理损伤改善,MDA的含量显著降低,SOD的含量以及细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平增加(P0.05),且丹参-冰片组效果优于丹参组(P0.05)。结论:丹参单用与丹参冰片合用均能发挥脑保护作用,且丹参冰片配伍发挥脑保护作用明显优于丹参单用,其机制可能与抗氧化作用相关。     

五味子醇甲诱导缺血半影区神经元自噬提高脑卒中后神经保护

五味子醇甲(Schisandra A, Sch A)是五味子中具有生物活性的木脂素化合物,其神经保护作用已在多种神经系统疾病动物模型中得到验证。然而,五味子醇甲是否能通过影响大鼠脑缺血半影区神经元自噬活性对脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型产生神经保护作用,尚缺乏系统研究。为探究Sch A对大鼠脑卒中后神经损伤及缺血半影区神经元自噬活性的影响,本研究将90只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、模型组(MCAO)、Sch A低剂量组(40μg/kg)、Sch A中剂量组(80μg/kg)、Sch A高剂量组(160μg/kg),每组18只。线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉梗塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,脑缺血持续90 min后进行再灌注,立即侧脑室给药,1/d,连续给药7 d。各组分别取6只大鼠进行神经功能评分后,取脑进行TTC染色检测脑梗死体积。另有6只大鼠取缺血半影区脑组织,通过Western印迹检测自噬相关蛋白质Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ的表达水平。剩余6只大鼠脑组织用于免疫荧光双标,对Sch A改变的自噬活性进行细胞表达定位。研究结果显示,MCAO组大鼠脑梗死体积及神经功能损伤评分均显著高于Sham组(P0.05),且Beclin1及LC3-Ⅱ的表达显著增加(P0.05)。各Sch A治疗组大鼠脑梗死体积较未给药组显著减少(P0.05),神经功能损伤得到明显改善(P0.05)。同时,Sch A给药组Beclin1及LC3蛋白质表达水平明显升高(P0.05),且免疫荧光双标显示该自噬活性改变主要呈现于神经元。以上结果表明,Sch A可显著减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,该神经保护作用与其提高缺血半影区神经元自噬活性密切相关。     

总丹参多酚酸预处理对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨总丹参多酚酸(TSI)对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCII)的神经保护作用以及评估TSI预处理对氧化应激的影响和功能修复的作用。方法将18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型对照组、TSI(20 mg/kg)处理组,每组6只。采用夹闭左肾下腹主动脉的方法建立SCII模型,分别于再灌注6,12,24及48 h对大鼠后肢进行运动功能评分。各组大鼠再灌注48 h后,取其脊髓组织,并进行组织病理学检测和生化指标分析。药物组与对照组间运动功能评分的均值比较用非参数秩和检验(KruskalWallis)进行分析,药物组与对照组间MDA,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px含量测定的均值比较采用单因素方差分析。结果与假手术组相比,模型组脊髓组织丙二醛(MDA)的含量明显升高,从2.95 mM/mg上升到5.90 mM/mg(P=0.023),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著增强,GSH-PX酶活力从0.31 U/mg升高至0.78 U/mg(P=0.001),而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力明显降低;SOD酶活力从16.03 U/mg降低至8.37 U/mg(P=0.001),CAT酶活力从1.24 U/mg降低至0.54 U/mg(P=0.002)。动物后肢神经功能评分明显下降,于6 h时从21分降低至15.5分(P=0.001)。预先给与动物注射TSI(20 mg/kg)后,可以降低MDA浓度,从5.90 mM/mg降为3.27 mM/mg(P=0.0355)。抑制GSH-PX活性,从0.78 U/mg降为0.36 U/mg(P=0.001)和提高SOD和CAT活性,SOD酶活力从8.37 U/mg升高至14.79 U/mg(P=0.001),CAT酶活力从0.54 U/mg升高至0.89 U/mg(P=0.043),提高动物后肢神经功能评分从15.5分升高至17分(P=0.001),TSI组在光学显微镜下脊髓病理改变轻微,而对照组脊髓损伤较重(P<0.05)。结论 TSI可通过改善氧化和抗氧化系统的平衡来预防SCII。     

注射用丹酚酸A防治肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：探讨注射用丹酚酸A抗肝纤维化的作用,为丹酚酸A的临床应用提供理论依据。方法采用CCl4体外诱导肝细胞损伤,观察丹酚酸A对肝细胞活性及其细胞培养上清液ALT、AST、LDH水平和细胞裂解液中SOD活性和MDA含量的变化;另采用皮下注射CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,观察丹酚酸A对肝纤维化大鼠血清LN、HA、SOD和MDA含量的影响以及肝脏组织病理改变情况。结果与模型对照组比,丹酚酸A高、低剂量组和Vit E组的细胞存活率显著提高（P ＜0.01）,丹酚酸A高剂量组ALT、AST和LDH活性显著降低（P ＜0.01）,丹酚酸A高剂量组和Vit E组SOD活性明显升高（P ＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P ＜0.05）;体内试验发现,与模型对照组比,丹酚酸A高剂量组纤维化大鼠的血清LN和HA水平显著降低（P ＜0.05）,高、低剂量组SOD活性显著升高（P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01）,MDA含量显著降低（P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05）,并能改善肝脏病理形态。结论注射用丹酚酸A可通过抗脂质过氧化作用,起到保护肝细胞,减轻肝纤维化的作用。     

钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:评价钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组(n=20):假手术组(S组)、脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和钙敏感受体拮抗剂组(N组)。I/R组和N组采用线栓法经左侧颈外-颈内动脉插线制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,于脑缺血前10 min尾静脉注射等容量二甲基亚砜和钙敏感受体拮抗剂NPS-89636 1 mg/kg。于再灌注24 h时行神经功能评分,随后处死大鼠取脑组织,测定MDA含量和SOD活性,采用TUNEL法观察神经细胞凋亡情况,计算神经细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化法检测Caspase-3阳性细胞的表达,Western blot法检测Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果:I/R组和N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平高于S组,神经功能评分和SOD活性低于S组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平低于I/R组,神经功能评分和SOD活性高于I/R组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钙敏感受体参与大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤和细胞凋亡的发生。     

高压氧预处理对CIRI大鼠神经功能的影响及机制

为了探讨脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,CIRI)大鼠经高压氧预处理对神经功能的影响及其作用机制,本研究选取了成年雄性SPF级SD大鼠48只,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、干预组(高压氧预处理)各16只;对比各组大鼠的神经功能评分、脑梗死体积,采用免疫组化染色检测各组大鼠缺血侧脑组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、BCL-2蛋白阳性表达率,测定各组大鼠缺血侧脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及血清中S100β蛋白、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平。本研究发现,预处理组大鼠在造模后2 h、6 h、12 h及24 h的脑梗死体积所占百分比及神经功能评分显著的小于模型组(p0.05);预处理组、模型组大鼠在造模后24 h的缺血侧脑组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、BCL-2蛋白表达细胞所占比例、血清中S100β蛋白、IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著的高于假手术组(p0.05);预处理组大鼠在造模后24 h的缺血侧脑组织中Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、BCL-2蛋白表达细胞所占比例、血清中S100β蛋白、IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著的低于模型组(p0.05);预处理组、模型组大鼠在造模后24 h的缺血侧脑组织中MDA含量显著的高于假手术组(p0.05),SOD含量显著的低于假手术组(p0.05);预处理组大鼠在造模后24 h的缺血侧脑组织中MDA含量显著的低于模型组(p0.05),SOD含量显著的高于模型组(p0.05)。本研究的研究表明,CIRI大鼠经高压氧预处理能显著降低凋亡相关蛋白的表达,减轻氧化损伤,减轻缺血再灌注对大鼠神经功能的损伤。     

三七总皂苷对缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠脑组织的MDA、GSH-PX表达的影响

目的:探讨三七总皂苷(PNS)对缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠大脑皮层组织丙二醛(MDA)的含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性的影响.方法:采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉局灶缺血再灌注模型,选用Wistar雄性大鼠(54只)随机分成3组,即:假手术组(12只)、缺血再灌注组(24只)、三七总皂苷治疗组(18只);再根据灌注时间不同分为再灌注l0h、12h、24h组,每组是8只.缺血时间为90min.各组动物给药方法:三七总皂苷治疗组(PNS组)腹腔注射1％PNS(50mg/kg),每天一次,持续10天;假手术组和缺血再灌注模型组腹腔注射与PNS组等体积的生理盐水10天,各组于术前1h再注射1次.进行HE染色观察脑皮层组织形态病理学变化;硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测MDA的含量;二硫双硝基苯甲酸法检测GSH-PX的活性.结果:缺血再灌注组GSH-PX的活性降低(P＜0.05),MDA的含量升高(P＜ 0.05);PNS治疗组GSH-PX的活性明显增强(P＜0.05),MDA的含量明显下降(P＜0.05).结论:PNS可能通过增加GSH-PX的活性和减少MDA的含量来拮抗缺血再灌注损伤后脑组织的脂质过氧化,发挥脑组织的保护作用.     

毛蕊异黄酮通过抑制calpain-1的表达发挥抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的:探讨毛蕊异黄酮抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用是否与抑制calpain-1的表达有关。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组以及药物组,采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻断(MCAO)模型,于缺血再灌注前30 min腹腔注射给予20 mg/kg毛蕊异黄酮或等体积的溶剂。再灌注24 h后,行神经功能学评分、脑梗死面积以及神经元凋亡检测;再灌注12 h、24 h时,采用免疫组化和蛋白印迹技术检测大鼠脑皮层calpain-1的表达。结果:与假手术组大鼠比较,MCAO模型组大鼠再灌注24 h后神经功能学评分、梗死面积、神经元凋亡率及calpain-1的表达均明显升高(P0.05),而毛蕊异黄酮能够降低模型组大鼠再灌注24 h后神经功能学评分、梗死面积、神经元凋亡率以及calpain-1的表达(P0.05)。结论:毛蕊异黄酮可能通过抑制calpain-1的表达发挥抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用。     

白藜芦醇对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注的治疗作用

目的:观察白藜芦醇对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用及可能的机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为2组:对照组(n=16),白藜芦醇组(n=16)。对照组再灌注即刻腹腔给予0.5 ml生理盐水,白藜芦醇组再灌注即刻腹腔给予20 mg/kg白藜芦醇。再灌注22小时后,进行神经功能学评分、脑梗死容积测定,用分光光度仪测定脑组织溶浆中SOD、MDA和MPO的含量。结果:再灌注22小时后,白藜芦醇治疗组可以改善大鼠神经功能学评分和降低脑梗死面积(P<0.05),同时可以增加脑组织溶浆中SOD的活性,降低MDA和MPO的含量。结论:白藜芦醇通过减轻白细胞的浸润、提高自由基的清除率对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤发挥治疗作用。     

罗布麻通过抑制氧化应激反应减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的:观察罗布麻叶提取物(apocynum venetum leaf extract AVLE)预处理对心肌缺血再灌注(MI/R)损伤的影响。方法:采用SD大鼠MI/R模型,随机分为sham(假手术)组、MI/R组、AVLE预处理+MI/R组,检测血流动力学,采用氯化三苯基四氮唑和伊文思蓝双染法检测心梗面积、以血浆肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性检测心肌损伤情况、以超氧化物、丙二醛(MAD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量检测心肌氧化应激以及Western blot方法检测gp91phox的表达。结果:与MI/R组相比,AVLE预处理组左室压上升、下降最大速率(±LVdp/dtmax)升高(P0.05),心肌梗死面积减少,两组分别为41.5±4.5%和32.0±3.5%(P0.05),血浆CK和LDH活性分别降低到1653±62 U/L和2461±152 U/L(P0.05),减少了心肌组织超氧化物的含量(P0.05)。AVLE治疗显着降低gp91phox的表达(P0.05),使SOD活性增加(P0.05),MDA水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论:AVLE通过抑制I/R心肌的氧化应激发挥心脏保护作用。     

Germacrone attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms

Germacrone (GM) is an anti-inflammatory compound extracted from Rhizoma curcuma. Here, we strived to investigate the neuroprotective effects of GM in rat models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion injury. Rats immediately after cerebral ischemia were intraperitoneally injected with GM at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. After 1 day of reperfusion, the water content in the brain, infarct volume, and neurological deficits were assessed. Hippocampus neurons were histopathologically examined by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in brain tissue were detected. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to quantify the expression of apoptosis markers, such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. The content of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) was also measured using Western blotting. GM treatment markedly decreased the brain water content, infarct volume and the neurological deficits, which was corroborated by attenuated histopathologic change. MDA levels were reduced and activities of GSH, SOD, and GSH-PX were elevated after GM treatment. Caspase-3 and Bax were decreased, and Bcl-2 was increased at both messenger RNA and protein levels by GM treatment. The p-Akt expression was increased by GM. Our data indicated that the neuroprotective effects of GM may attenuate the injuries from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats through antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms.     

Ethyl pyruvate reduces myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 protein in rats

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays an important role in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger, has been reported to inhibit myocardial apoptosis and reduce myocardial I/R injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which EP reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats. Anesthetized male rats were once treated with EP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) before ischemia, and then subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and infarct size were measured. HMGB1 expression was assessed by immunoblotting. The results showed that pretreatment of EP (50 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the infarct size and the levels of LDH and CK after 4 h reperfusion (all P < 0.05). EP could also significantly inhibit the increase of the MDA level, the decrease of the SOD level (both P < 0.05). Meanwhile, EP could significantly inhibit the expression of HMGB1 induced by I/R. The present study suggested that ethyl pyruvate could attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting HMGB1 expression.     

大豆异黄酮基于RhoA/ROCK2信号通路改善MCAO大鼠神经功能损伤

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮对脑缺血再灌注大鼠RhoA/ROCK2信号通路介导的氧化应激反应和神经元凋亡的影响。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,对照组、模型组、大豆异黄酮组。连续给药7天后,给药剂量200 mg/kg。应用中动脉栓塞再灌注模型致大鼠缺血损伤。24 h后评价大鼠神经功能,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,试剂盒检测脑中氧化因子含量,免疫组化检测神经元损伤,Western Blotting检测RhoA/ROCK2相关蛋白含量。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠神经功能评分降低(P0.05),脑梗死体积增加(P0.05),氧化因子含量增加(P0.05),神经元凋亡显著(P0.05),RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达增加(P0.05)。与模型组相比,大豆异黄酮升高了大鼠神经功能评分(P0.05),减少的脑梗死体积(P0.05),降低脑中氧化因子含量(P0.05),抑制了神经元凋亡(P0.05),抑制了RhoA/ROCK2蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论:大豆异黄酮可以缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤介导的氧化应激及细胞凋亡,进而减轻神经功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK2信号通路相关。     

Temporal and regional changes of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rats exposed to focal cerebral ischemia

Reactive oxygen species are important cause of tissue injury during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) are intracellular enzymes responsible for endogenous antioxidant defense of tissues affected by I/R. The aim of this study was to examine temporal and regional changes of SOD and GSH-Px activities in animals exposed to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar Hannover rats were subjected to the right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2?h. The animals were sacrificed immediately, 0·5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 or 168?h after ischemic procedure. SOD and GSH-Px activities were determined spectrophotometrically in the hippocampus and parietal cortex, both unilaterally and contralaterally to the occlusion. Sham-operated animals were used as the control group. Our results indicated that transient focal cerebral ischemia causes significant changes in SOD activities in the hippocampus and parietal cortex such as in GSH-Px activities in the parietal cortex, unilaterally and contralaterally to the lesion in rats during different reperfusion periods. Statistically significant activation of GSH-Px was registered neither in the right nor in the left hippocampus of ischemic animals. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of delta-opioid receptor agonist TAN-67 or antagonist naltrindole on acute cerebral ischemia in rat

This work was performed to determine the role of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) in protection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transient (1 h) focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). DOR agonist TAN-67 (30 nmol, 60 nmol, 200 nmol), DOR antagonist naltrindole (20 nmol, 50 nmol, 100 nmol) or artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) was injected respectively into the lateral cerebroventricle of the rat 30 min before the induction of brain ischemia. Neurological deficits were assessed by the five-grade system (Longa's methods). The brain infarct was measured by cresyl violet (CV) staining and infarct volume was analyzed by an image processing and analysis system. The expression of DOR was detected by Western blot. The results showed that 60 nmol TAN-67 significantly reduced the infarct volume (P<0.05), attenuated neurological deficits (P<0.05) and tended to increase the expression of about 60 kDa DOR protein (P>0.05), while 100 nmol naltrindole aggravated ischemic damage and decreased about 60 kDa DOR protein expression (P<0.05). These results suggest that DOR activation protects the brain against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat.