急诊科尿源性脓毒症的临床回顾性研究

目的:回顾性研究急诊科住院患者的尿路感染及其所致脓毒症的临床及病原学特征。方法:选取2014年1月至2017年8月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院急诊病房及急诊ICU收治住院的106名诊断为"尿路感染"的患者,结合出院诊断及新版脓毒症诊断标准再评估,分为"尿脓毒症组"(n=45)和"非脓毒症组"(n=61),收集和比较一般临床资料、实验室指标、病原学分类及特征。结果:1)尿脓毒症组上尿路感染、泌尿系统梗阻以及上尿路梗阻并感染的发生率均显著高于非脓毒症组(P=0.042,P=0.011,P=0.035)。2)尿脓毒症组白细胞计数(P=0.002)、C反应蛋白(P0.001)、降钙素原(P=0.028)、肌酐(P0.001)、D-二聚体(P0.001)、APACHE II评分(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,APACHE II)(P0.001)均明显高于非脓毒症组,而血清白蛋白(P0.001)、血小板(P0.001)计数、Glasgow评分(P0.001)均显著低于非脓毒症组;3)尿脓毒症组急性肾脏功能障碍(28/45,62.22%)发生率最高,凝血系统功能障碍发生率次之(25/45,55.56%)。中段尿培养中以屎肠球菌占比最高(11/40,27.5%),其次为大肠埃希菌(8/40,20%)。结论:上尿路感染与泌尿系统梗阻是发生尿脓毒症的危险因素,相较于非脓毒症患者,尿脓毒症患者炎症指标、肌酐、D-二聚体、APACHE II评分水平更高,白蛋白、血小板及Glasgow评分更低,肾功能障碍与凝血功能障碍在尿脓毒症患者中更多见。临床需对中段尿培养肠球菌阳性的患者引起重视。     

血栓弹力图联合凝血指标评估脓毒症病情严重程度的临床价值分析

目的:探讨血栓弹力图(TEG)联合常规凝血指标评估脓毒症病情严重程度的临床价值。方法:选取2015年11月-2016年11月兰州军区兰州总医院重症医学科收治的重症感染患者97例为研究对象。依据脓毒症3.0将患者分为脓毒症(Sepsis)组(67例)、脓毒症休克(Septic Shock)组(30例)。完善相关检查后,检测和比较两组常规凝血功能指标(活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)),描绘TEG(血凝时间(R)、血块成型时间(K)、α角、血块强度(MA))的差异及以上指标之间的相关性。结果:脓毒症休克组PT、APTT、FIB和D-D水平均较脓毒症组显著升高(P0.05),R、K均较脓毒症组显著缩短(P0.05),而α角、MA均较脓毒症组显著增大(P0.05)。TEG中R值、K值与PT、APTT呈正相关(r=0.439、0.267、0.379、0.136),与FIB、D-D呈负相关(r=-0.397、-0.671、-0.628、-0.534);α角、MA值与PT、APTT呈负相关(r=-0.127、-0.238、-0.459、-0.213),与FIB、D-D呈正相关(r=0.386、0.53、0.687、0.652)。结论:TEG联合凝血指标可较真实地判断脓毒症患者凝血纤溶状态,为脓毒症患者病情严重程度的判断提供更可靠的依据。     

脓毒症患者炎性因子、凝血功能与APACHEⅡ评分和预后的关系

目的:研究脓毒症患者炎性因子、凝血功能与急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分和预后的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月我院收治的脓毒症患者150例为脓毒症组,所有患者根据预后结果分为死亡组(n=49)和存活组(n=101),选择同期在我院住院的非脓毒症患者98例为非脓毒症组,比较脓毒症组与非脓毒症组患者炎性因子、凝血功能指标水平及APACHEⅡ评分,同时比较死亡组和存活组患者炎性因子、凝血功能指标水平及APACHEⅡ评分,并分析脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与炎性因子、凝血功能指标的相关性。结果:脓毒症组患者降钙素原(PCT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)水平及APACHEⅡ评分均高于非脓毒症组,血小板计数(PLT)低于非脓毒症组(P0.05),两组C-反应蛋白(CRP)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。死亡组患者PCT、APTT、PT水平及APACHEⅡ评分均高于存活组,PLT水平低于存活组(P0.05),两组CRP比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析结果显示,脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与PCT、APTT、PT均呈正相关关系,与PLT呈负相关关系(P0.05),与CRP无相关性(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者PCT、APTT、PT水平明显上升,PLT水平明显下降,且均与患者的APACHEⅡ评分密切相关,临床可通过调节炎症因子水平及凝血功能指标从而改善患者的病情和预后。     

布地奈德联合槐杞黄颗粒治疗小儿哮喘的疗效及对血清LTD4、NGF、TIMP-1水平的影响

目的:研究布地奈德联合槐杞黄颗粒治疗小儿哮喘的临床疗效及对患儿血清白细胞三烯D4(LTD4)、神经生长因子(NGF)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响。方法:选取2014年3月至2015年3月我院接诊的支气管哮喘患儿90例作为本次研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组。每组45例。两组患儿均在入院后给予支气管解痉剂、吸氧、抗生素、糖皮质激素等常规治疗,对照组患儿在此基础上采用雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液治疗,每次0.5 mg,加入3 mL生理盐水进行持续吸入,每天两次。观察组患儿在对照组的基础上加用槐杞黄颗粒治疗,每天两次。治疗12周后,观察和比较两组患儿的治疗疗效,喘憋、咳嗽、肺部湿罗音、肺部哮鸣音等临床症状消失时间,肺功能用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1),血清LTD4、NGF、TIMP-1水平及T淋巴亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组[93.33%(42/45)vs77.77%(35/45)](P0.05);喘憋消失、咳嗽缓解、肺部湿罗音、肺部哮鸣音消失时间显著短于对照组[(4.32±1.03)d vs(6.08±1.24)d,(5.60±1.12)d vs(7.21±1.30)d,(3.19±0.98)d vs(4.98±1.02)d,(3.25±1.03)d vs(5.89±1.35)d](P0.05);FEV1、FEV1/FVC显著高于对照组[(92.63±10.01)L/s vs(78.36±9.19)L/s,(95.37±11.72)%vs(80.19±10.23)%](P0.05);血清LTD4、NGF、TIMP-1水平显著低于对照组[(7.24±0.86)ng/ml vs(12.68±1.01)ng/mL,(68.18±9.01)pg/mL vs(80.78±10.24)pg/mL,(34.16±5.06)ng/mL vs(49.76±5.47)ng/mL](P0.05);CD3+、CD4+显著高于对照组[(66.15±7.20)%vs(62.03±6.85)%,(45.13±7.90)%vs(37.42±7.06)%](P0.05),CD8+显著低于对照组[(34.16±5.06)%vs(49.76±5.47)%](P0.05)。结论:布地奈德联合槐杞黄颗粒治疗小儿哮喘的疗效显著,能够增强患儿的免疫功能,改善肺功能,降低血清LTD4、NGF、TIMP-1的水平。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型同性恋感染者与健康人群Th17/Treg平衡状况的比较研究

通过探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)同性恋感染者外周血中辅助性T细胞17(Th17)与CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)比例及Th17/Treg平衡状态与疾病进展的关系,初步阐明Th17/Treg失衡在HIV发病机制中的作用和意义。选取54例未经抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者,另有32名健康志愿者作为正常对照。分离外周血单核细胞后,利用流式细胞技术检测Th17和Treg水平。结果表明,在HIV感染者外周血中Th17比例明显低于正常对照组(0.68±0.35vs1.42±0.86,P<0.001),Treg比例明显高于正常对照(6.15±2.12vs4.50±0.76,P<0.001),导致HIV感染者中Th17/Treg比例较正常对照显著降低(0.12±0.07vs0.31±0.17,P<0.001)。研究还发现,Th17/CD4比例与CD4+T细胞计数正相关(r=0.371,P<0.05),与病毒载量不相关;Treg/CD4比例与CD4+T细胞计数负相关,与病毒载量正相关(r=-0.402,P<0.05;r=0.447,P<0.001)。此外,Th17/Treg比例与CD4+T细胞计数正相关,与病毒载量负相关(r=0.525,P<0.001;r=-0.318,P<0.05)。结果提示,HIV感染中存在Th17/Treg失衡现象,与疾病进程密切相关,可能在HIV进展中具有重要作用。     

胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗COPD合并肺动脉高压的疗效及对患者血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平的影响

目的:探讨胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺动脉高压的疗效及对患者血清血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)、内源性分泌型晚期糖基化终末产物受体(esRAGE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年1月至2017年12月我院接诊的65例COPD合并肺动脉高压患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组35例和对照组30例。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予辛伐他汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予胸腺五肽治疗,两组均连续治疗4周。治疗后,比较两组血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平、免疫功能、肺功能、血气分析指标的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组血清PAF-AH、esRAGE水平明显高于对照组,而血清CA125水平明显低于对照组[(187.20±15.10)ng/mL vs.(135.13±11.42)ng/mL,(0.32±0.08)ng/L vs.(0.26±0.05)ng/L,(21.06±3.27)U/mL vs.(30.49±4.23)U/mL](P0.05);观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+明显高于对照组[(69.56±7.89)%vs.(57.56±6.05)%,(43.30±5.11)%vs.(37.86±4.53)%,(2.14±0.30) vs.(1.82±0.26)](P0.05);观察组血清第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)明显高于对照组,肺动脉收缩压(PASP)明显比对照组低[(2.17±0.34)L vs(1.84±0.29)L,(67.34±8.28)%vs.(60.37±6.05)%,(36.23±3.15)mmHg vs.(42.85±3.88)mmHg](P0.05);观察组动脉血压分压(PaO_2)明显高于对照组,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)明显低于对照组[(89.45±7.40)mmHg vs.(80.23±6.82)mmHg,(33.83±3.11)mmHg vs.(40.02±3.86)mmHg](P0.05)。两组不良反应的总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胸腺五肽联合辛伐他汀治疗COPD合并肺动脉高压患者效果显著优于单用辛伐他汀治疗,可更有效改善患者肺功能和肺动脉高压状态,其内在机制可能和调节血清PAF-AH、esRAGE、CA125水平及缓解气道炎症反应相关。     

老年住院患者营养不良状况分析

目的:利用简易营养评价精法(short-form mini-nutritional assessment,MNA-SF)评价住院老年患者营养状况,并探讨老年患者营养状况与躯体功能的关系。方法:选取我院老年病及内科收治的年龄≥65岁的住院患者共104例,使用MNA-SF评价患者的营养状况,根据患者年龄、性别、慢性病等情况入组营养不良患者36例,营养良好患者68例,比较两组患者的饮食习惯、躯体功能,并对营养评分与握力、步速进行相关性分析。结果:与营养良好组相比,营养不良组进食肉食次数较少(16%vs 48%, P=0.012),握力[(11.67±9.89)kg vs (20.46±9.89)kg, P0.001]及步速(0.46±0.641m/s vs 1.16±0.65m/s,P0.001)均显著降低。老年住院患者MNA-SF得分与握力及步速呈显著正相关(r=0.562, P0.001)和(r=0.600,P0.001)。结论:住院老年患者的营养状况与进食肉食次数、握力和步速相关。     

脓毒症患者血清HMGB1、IGF-1水平变化及与T淋巴细胞亚群、预后的关系研究

目的:探讨脓毒症患者血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平变化及与T淋巴细胞亚群、预后的关系。方法:选取2016年2月～2018年12月期间我院收治的脓毒症患者139例,根据Sepsis 3.0定义,将脓毒症患者分成一般脓毒症组(n=73)及脓毒症休克组(n=66),根据患者进入重症监护室28d后的转归资料,将其分为存活组和死亡组。比较不同预后、不同病情严重程度的脓毒症患者血清IGF-1、HMGB1水平、急性病生理与慢性健康评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分以及T淋巴细胞亚群;采用Pearson相关分析血清HMGB1、IGF-1水平与T淋巴细胞亚群、APACHEⅡ评分的关系。结果:一般脓毒症组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于脓毒症休克组,CD8~+低于脓毒症休克组(P0.05)。脓毒症休克组血清HMGB1水平、APACHEⅡ评分均高于一般脓毒症组,血清IGF-1水平则低于一般脓毒症组(P0.05)。存活组CD8~+低于死亡组,CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于死亡组(P0.05)。存活组血清HMGB1水平、APACHEⅡ评分低于死亡组,血清IGF-1水平高于死亡组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,脓毒症患者血清HMGB1水平与CD8~+、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+呈负相关(P0.05);血清IGF-1水平与CD8~+、APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关,与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症血清HMGB1、T淋巴细胞亚群、IGF-1均存在异常变化,可用于评估脓毒症患者的病情和预后。     

连续性血液净化对多发伤并发脓毒症患者炎症状态及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨连续性血液净化对多发伤并发脓毒症患者炎症状态及免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2016年5月在我院接受治疗的88例多发伤并发脓毒症患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=44),对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予连续性血液净化治疗,治疗3 d后观察两组患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-10(IL-10)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量,流式细胞仪分析CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK细胞水平,全自动生化分析仪检测尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。结果:观察组患者APACHEⅡ评分、BUN和Scr水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者IL-2、IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ含量均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK水平高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者PT、TT、APTT均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:连续性血液净化对多发伤并发脓毒症患者具有较好的临床疗效,可减轻炎症反应,提高免疫功能,改善凝血功能。     

雷公藤多苷联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎活动期患者的疗效及对血清CD62p、CD41的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤多苷联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)活动期患者的疗效及对血清释放黏附分子CD62p、CD41的影响。方法:选择2015年6月至2017年6月我院接诊的90例类RA活动期患者作为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45),对照组口服甲氨蝶呤治疗,观察组联合雷公藤多苷片治疗,均连续用药12周。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后临床症状评分、实验室指标[红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板计数(PLT)]及血清CD62p、CD41的变化,并比较治疗期间不良反应。结果:观察组临床疗效总有效率为91.11%(41/45),明显高于对照组的66.67%(30/45)(P0.05);治疗后,两组临床症状评分及实验室指标较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),观察组晨僵时间、关节疼痛、关节肿胀、关节压痛评分及ESR、CRP、PLT均明显比对照组,比较均具有显著差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清CD62p、CD41较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),观察组血清CD62p、CD41均明显低于对照组[(16.58±2.10)%vs(25.46±2.58)%,(67.83±11.03)%vs(76.40±13.45)%](P0.05);两组治疗期间肝肾功能均未发生异常,两组头痛、皮疹、胃肠道反应、感染、脱发发生率均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:在RA活动期患者中使用雷公藤多苷联合甲氨蝶呤效果显著,可有效改善临床症状及实验室指标,其内在机制可能和降低血清CD62p、CD41的表达相关,且联合用药安全性高,值得应用推广。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.