A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) in Gonatodes antillensis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Bonaire, Lesser Antilles

Spauligodon bonairensis n. sp. from the large intestines of the Antilles gecko, Gonatodes antillensis (Lacertidae), from Bonaire, Lesser Antilles, is described and illustrated. The new species is the 48th assigned to the genus and the 10th from the Neotropical region. Spauligodon bonairensis n. sp. is most similar to S. giganticus, S. hemidactylus, S. lamonthei, and S. oxkutzcabiensis in that only these 5 species possess lanceolate eggs. For males of these species, only S. lamothei possess a spicule, and only S. oxktzcabiensis has an aspinose tail. The egg of S. hemidactylus has 2 knobs; in S. giganticus, the more rounded end supports the single knob. In S. bonairensis n. sp., the more pointed end supports the single knob.     

Spauligodon ovifilus n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) and other helminths from Diplodactylus stenodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Australia

Spauligodon ovifilus n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the large intestines of the gecko Diplodactylus stenodactylus is described and illustrated. Prevalence of infection was 50% (mean intensity 5.9 +/- 6.3, range 1-21). Spauligodon ovifilus n. sp. represents the thirty-fifth species to be assigned to this genus and is distinguished by the extremely long filament of the egg. This is the first report of species of Spauligodon from Australia. In addition, 1 gecko harbored 1 female of Wanaristrongylus papangawurpae, a new host record; 1 gecko harbored 1 encapsulated larva of Abbreviata sp. Review of species assigned to Spauligodon caused the reclassification of Spauligodon azerbajdzanicus to Skrjabinodon azerbajdzanicus n. comb.     

A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) in Latastia longicaudata (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Kenya

A new species of Spauligodon , Spauligodon latasticola n. sp., from the intestines of Latastia longicaudata (Lacertidae) from Kenya is described and illustrated. Spauligodon latasticola represents the 47th species assigned to the genus and the 8th species from the Ethiopian region. The new species differs from all but 2 other species assigned to Spauligodon by the presence of a conically tapering tail in the female. The new species is separated from the 2 similar species, Spauligodon garciaprietoi and Spauligodon goldbergi, by the position of the vulva, which is anterior to the esophageal bulb in the new species, at the level of the esophageal bulb in S. goldbergi, and posterior to the esophageal bulb in S. garciaprietoi.     

New species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) in Lepidodactylus novaeguineae (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea

Spauligodon zweifeli n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the large intestines of a gecko, Lepidodactylus novaeguineae (Sauria: Gekkonidae), is described and illustrated. Prevalence of infection was 57% (mean intensity 8.5, range 1-23). Spauligodon zweifeli n. sp. is the 43rd species to be assigned to this genus and differs from other species in the genus by possessing asymmetrical fusiform eggs in which the ends are extended as digitiform processes. It is the second species to be described from the Australian biogeographical realm.     

Spauligodon loboi n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) parasite of Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from northwestern Argentina

Three-hundred and forty-nine specimens of Spauligodon loboi n. sp. (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) were found in the large intestines of 55 of 225 adult specimens representing 5 species of Liolaemus collected in 11 localities of northwestern Argentina. Prevalence of infection was 24% (mean intensity = 6.3 +/- 3.4, range = 2-28). Spauligodon loboi n. sp. differs from other neotropical species in that the filamentous portion of the tail of males is spiny, whereas that of females is smooth. A key to the species of Spauligodon in the Neotropical Realm is provided.     

Spauligodon carbonelli n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), parasite of some lizards (Lacertidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Spauligodon carbonelli n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite from the caecum of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) and the Spanish wall lizard Podarcis hispanica (Steindachner, 1870) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) in the Pirineos Mountains, Spain, is described. S. carbonelli differs from the other known species of the same genus, mainly in the presence and length of the spicule, the morphology of the caudal end in the male and in the structure of the cephalic end of the female.     

Parapharyngodon riojensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the lizard Phymaturus punae (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from northwestern Argentina

Two hundred and forty-four specimens of Parapharyngodon riojensis n. sp. were found in the large intestines of 2 adult lizards Phymaturus punae collected from Quebrada del Leoncito, Province of La Rioja, Argentina. Parapharyngodon riojensis n. sp. represents the ninth species of the genus from the Neotropical Realm and the first species to be described from Argentina. It can be distinguished from all species of Parapharyngodon on the basis of the morphology of the anterior cloacal lip, the location of the ovary, and geographical distribution. Parapharyngodon riojensis n. sp. is most similar to P. senisfaciecaudus in that the ovary does coil around the esophagus and the number and location of caudal papillae in the males are the same. These 2 species differ in that the eggs of P. senisfaciecaudus are slightly asymmetrical, with a smooth, thin shell, whereas the eggs of P. riojensis are oval, with a punctate thick shell. In addition, the cloacal lip of males of P. senisfaciecaudus is smooth, whereas the cloacal lip of males of P. riojensis is echinate. A key to the species of Parapharyngodon in the Neotropical Realm is provided.     

A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) parasite of Cnemidophorus spp. (Lacertilia: Teiidae) from southern Mexico

A new species of Spauligodon collected from Cnemidophorus mexicanus and C. deppii is described in this study. The species is placed in Spauligodon because the caudal alae start at the level of the precloacal papillae and embed the adcloacal papillae. The new species is most similar to S. goldbergi, but diagnostic traits of the former are the presence of 2 ridges in lateral alae, flaplike expansions in the caudal end of lateral alae, and a smooth tail for males. This species is the eighth recorded in the neotropics.     

Phlebotomine sandflies from Madagascar (Diptera: Psychodidae). VI--A new subgenus (Vattieromyia) including three new species: Sergentomyia (V.) sclerosiphon, S. (V.) namo and S. (V.) anka

Three new species of Phlebotomine sandflies belonging to the genus Sergentomyia Fran?a & Parrot are described from Madagascar: Sergentomyia sclerosiphon n. sp. S. namo n. sp. and S. anka n. sp. The taxa are created on the basis of the morphology of females. The males of S. sclerosiphon n. sp. and of S. anka n. sp. have been associated to the females according to the homologies of a fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome b sequences. The original morphology of the spermathecae and the sclerification of a part of the individual spermathecal ducts allow the creation of a new subgenus, Vattieromyia subg. nov., which includes these three new species.     

Icosiella turgeocauda n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) and Seuratascaris numidica (Nematoda: Ascarididae), parasites of the frog,Rana cancrivora (Anura: Ranidae), from Luzon,Republic of the Philippines

Icosiella turgeocauda n. sp. from the intestinal mesenteries of Rana cancrivora collected at Luzon, Republic of the Philippines, is described and illustrated. Icosiella turgeocauda n. sp. represents the ninth species to be assigned to the genus and is easily differentiated from all the previously described species by the position of the vulva and the presence of bilateral umbos on the caudal end of the male. Seuratascaris numidica also was found. The Philippines represents a new location record for S. numidica.     

Strelkovimermis rubtsovi n. sp. and Strelkovimermis ozawindibi n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) adults eclosing from northern Minnesota glacial lakes

Two new species of Strelkovimermis are described from chironomid imagoes eclosing from northern Minnesota glacial lakes. The 2 species are distinguished from the other 12 species in the genus by terminal mouths, rounded or nippled posterior ends, short buccal funnels, short terminal limbs of the S-shaped vagina, and presence of a bursal sleeve. Strelkovimermis rubtsovi n. sp. is distinguished from S. ozawindibi n. sp. by the presence of a dorsal protractor. Procladius (Psilotanypus) bellus (Loew) is the host of S. rubtsovi. The chironomid host of S. ozawindibi has not been determined. An artificial key is provided to distinguish the 14 species of the genus.     

Acquisition of dwarf male "harems" by recently settled females of Osedax roseus n. sp. (Siboglinidae; Annelida)

After the deployment of several whale carcasses in Monterey Bay, California, a time-series analysis revealed the presence of a new species of Osedax, a genus of bone-eating siboglinid annelids. That species is described here as Osedax roseus n. sp. It is the fifth species described since the erection of this genus and, like its congeners, uses a ramifying network of "roots" to house symbiotic bacteria. In less than 2 months, Osedax roseus n. sp. colonized the exposed bones of a whale carcass deposited at 1018-m depth, and many of the females were fecund in about 3 months post-deployment. As with other Osedax spp., the females have dwarf males in their tube lumens. The males accrue over time until the sex ratio is markedly male-biased. This pattern of initial female settlement followed by gradual male accumulation is consistent with the hypothesis that male sex may be environmentally determined in Osedax. Of the previously described species in this genus, Osedax roseus n. sp. is most similar to O. rubiplumus, but it has several anatomical differences, as well as much smaller females, dwarf males, and eggs. Osedax roseus n. sp. is markedly divergent (minimally 16.6%) for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) sequences from any other Osedax species.     

Revision of the East African grasshopper genus Kassongia with a description of a new, closely related taxon, Labidioloryma gen.n. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Hemiacridinae)

The African forest dwelling Hemiacridine grasshopper genus Kassongia I. Bolivar, 1908, is revised. Keys are provided to the males of the species and subspecies. Three new species, maculifemur sp.n., rufogeniculata sp.n., subfuscata sp.n., and one subspecies, flavovittata microptera subsp.n., are described.
Labidioloryma gen.n., with type-species Labidioloryma strictoforcepts sp.n. from Malawi, is described and allocated to the Loryma genus-group ( sensu Brown, 1959, 1973).     

A new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) from Singapore

Rhabdias singaporensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs of Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) from Singapore is described and illustrated. Rhabdias singaporensis n. sp. represents the 77th species assigned to the genus, the eighth of the Asian region, and the second from Singapore. The distinguishing characteristic of the new species is the location of the excretory pore. In all species of Rhabdias for which excretory pore location data are available, the excretory pore is situated just posterior to the level of the nerve ring; in R. singaporensis , it lies near the esophageointestinal junction.     

Macropodicoptes mironovi n. g., n. sp. (Acariformes: Sarcoptidae), a new mange mite from Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) (Diprotodonia: Macropodidae)

A new mange mite species, Macropodicoptes mironovi n. g., n. sp. (Acariformes: Sarcoptidae), is described from Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae) from the Taronga Western Plains Zoo at Dubbo, NSW, Australia. This is the fourth species and third genus allocated to the sarcoptid subfamily Diabolicoptinae, whose representatives exclusively parasitise marsupials. The new genus differs from Diabolicoptes Fain & Domrow, 1974, in both sexes, by the proportions of the gnathosoma, the shape of many hysterosomal setae and the absence of setae e1, pRII-II, sRIII and solenidion ω3I; and, in males, by the lack of fusion of coxal apodemes I.     

New species of Schulzia (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Ptychoglossus festae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Panama

Schulzia ptychoglossi n. sp. (Strongylida: Molineidae) from the intestines of Ptychoglossus festae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) is described and illustrated. Schulzia ptychoglossi n. sp. represents the fourth species assigned to the genus and is most similar to the Venezuelan species S. usu by possessing a cervical inflation that begins a short distance from the anterior end of the body. Schulzia ptychoglossi differs from S. usu in that ray 8 separates midway between the root and tip of the dorsal ray in S. ptychoglossi, but separates close to the root of the dorsal ray in S. usu.     

Systematic revision of Nearctic species of Achalcus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with comments on their phylogeny, ecology and zoogeography

The species of the genus Achalcus Loew from the Nearctic Region are revised and a key to males and females is provided. Achalcus utahensis (Harmston & Miller) and A. oregonensis (Harmston & Miller) are redescribed, and A. californicus sp.n., A. dytei sp.n. and A. similis sp.n. are described. Together with eight of the nine known Palaearctic species of the genus, they represent a monophyletic species group, which is characterized by the presence of five pairs of dorsocentral bristles and the incorporation of the epandrial setae onto the shaft of the epandrial lobe. Like their Palaearctic congeners, most Nearctic species occur in damp habitats, such as coastal forests and riparian vegetation. Most specimens were collected in the Pacific coastal states from British Columbia to California, but one species occurs in Utah, and one of six species which were not described because males are lacking, was discovered in Ontario.     

The African species of Theganopteryx (Blattaria, Ectobiidae)

Abstract Twenty-one species of the genus Theganopteryx are known from Africa and the genus is probably confined to this continent. A key is provided to the males of twenty species, and eight new species are described: affinis Shelford; bivitatta Princis; bredoi sp.n.; camerunensis Shelford; dimorpha Princis; fantastica Shelford; flavescens sp.n.; heterogamia Princis; ituriensis Rehn; kivuensis sp.n.; lucidu Brunner; nitida Borg; notata Shelford; obscura Shelford; propinqua sp.n.; remotevittata (Werner); rhodesiae Shelford; shabaenis sp.n.; shelfordi sp.n.; simillima sp.n.; villiersi sp.n. Notes are given on eighteen further species of doubtful identity which have hitherto been included in Theganopteiyx , and one of these, perspicillaris Karny, is transferred to a new genus Theganosilpha .     

A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae) in geckos from São Nicolau Island (Cape Verde) and its phylogenetic assessment

A new nematode species, Spauligodon nicolauensis n. sp., is described from geckos Tarentola bocagei and Tarentola nicolauensis on the island of S?o Nicolau, Cape Verde. The new nematode was found in the pellets obtained directly from the geckos in a non-invasive fashion, and its identity was assessed both at morphologic and genetic levels. The new species has morphological similarities with Spauligodon tarentolae Spaul, 1926, also parasitizing geckos from the Canary Islands. However, the male cloacal region in the new species is distinct, presenting a different shape of the caudal papillae. The overall resemblance probably resulted from colonization via descent from an ancestor of S. tarentolae carried by the ancestor of Cape Verde Tarentola. The analysis of nuclear DNA sequences confirms that the new species is phylogenetically distinct from all other Spauligodon species already analyzed, forming a group clearly separated from species parasitizing lacertid lizards. The COI genetic distance suggests that the S. nicolauensis n. sp. found in the 2 species of geckos in S?o Nicolau Island may have resulted from a host-switching event, when they came into contact after the unification of the island.     

Nematodirus nemorhaedi sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from the Amur goral Nemorhaedus caudatus raddeanus]

Nematodirus nemorhaedi sp. n. is described. The new species was found in the small intestine in three long-tailed gorals from the Maritime Territory. The species differs from other species of the genus, parasites of ungulates, by very large (over 1.5 mm) spicules and characteristic structure of their distal end in males; by long (about 1 mm) ovijector in females and by a specific combination of characters of synloph, genital bursa in males, sizes of body, structure of vulva, sizes and shape of eggs and tail in females.