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1.
Alejandra Omarini Bernardo E. Lechner Edgardo Albertó 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(5):635-642
Polyporus tenuiculus is a naturally occurring species from Central and South America that is consumed by different ethnic groups in the region.
To determine the optimal conditions for fruiting body production, two strains were assayed on wheat straw and sawdust with
or without supplements. Sixty days of incubation at 25°C were needed to produce a solid block. The highest yield was obtained
with strain ICFC 383/00 grown on supplemented willow sawdust. In a second experiment the strain ICFC 383/00 and different
supplements were used to improve the biological efficiency (BE) and to determine the quality traits and its biodegradation
capacity. The highest yields were obtained on sawdust with 25% of supplements reaching 82.7% of BE. Supplements raised the
number of flushes, generally from four to five, contributing to increased yields. The type of substrate had a significant
effect on fruiting body diameters of P. tenuiculus, and the largest mushrooms were harvested on supplemented substrate with the highest BE coinciding with the highest dry matter
loss in substrates. P. tenuiculus showed a capacity to degrade sawdust, causing a decrease of 67.2–74.5% in cellulose, 80.4–85.7% in hemicellulose, and 60.6–66.2%
in lignin content at the end of the cultivation cycle. The decrease in hemicellulose was relatively greater than that of cellulose
and lignin on supplemented substrates. This is the first report of the cultivation of P. tenuiculus on lignocellulosic waste, and it is a promising species both for commercial production and for its potential use in the degradation
of other biowastes. 相似文献
2.
Development and reproduction of the predatory mite Parasitus consanguineus Oudemans et Voigts (Acari: Parasitidae) reared on a diet of first and second instars of Megaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae) or Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae) were studied. Mites were allowed to feed on these diets until death. The developmental time of immature
stages of P. consanguineus was significantly longer when reared on L. ingenua than on M. halterata larvae (8.3 vs. 7.9 days, respectively). Survival to adulthood of P. consanguineus reared on L. ingenua or M. halterata larvae was 63 and 49%, and mite fecundity was 17.8 and 12.3 eggs/female, respectively. Adult females reared on L. ingenua lived on average 6.9 days, whereas those reared on M. halterata lived for 5.7 days. Mite survival, female longevity and fecundity were significantly different among the two diet types. 相似文献
3.
Orobanche crenata Forsk is a chlorophyll lacking holoparasite that subsists on the roots of plants and causes significant damage to the culture
of leguminous plants and, in particular, to peas (Pisum sativum L.). Here, we investigated the potential of Rhizobium strains for biological control of Orobanche crenata using a commercial pea cultivar (Douce de province) and different Rhizobium strains. Firstly, benefit of bacterial inoculation on plant growth and efficiency in N-incorporation were demonstrated with
four isolates, P.SOM, P.1001, P.Mat.95 and P.1236. After five Rhizobium strains (three efficient: P.SOM, P.1236, P.Mat.95 and two not efficient: P.OM1.92, P.MleTem.92) were investigated for their
ability to control Orobanche crenata using pot and Petri dish experiments. Inoculation of peas with two (P.SOM and P.1236) of the five strains induced a significant
decrease in O. crenata seed germination and in the number of tubercles on pea roots. Furthermore, other symptoms, including the non-penetration
of the germinated seeds into pea roots followed by radicle browning and death of the parasites, were observed in the presence
of these inoculated pea plants. The hypothesis that roots secrete toxic compounds related to Rhizobium inoculation is discussed. 相似文献
4.
The maT clade of transposons is a group of transposable elements intermediate in sequence and predicted protein structure to mariner and Tc transposons, with a distribution thus far limited to a few invertebrate species. We present evidence, based on searches of publicly available databases, that the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae has several maT-like transposons, which we have designated as CbmaT elements, dispersed throughout its genome. We also describe two additional transposon sequences that probably share their evolutionary history with the CbmaT transposons. One resembles a fold back variant of a CbmaT element, with long (380-bp) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that show a high degree (71%) of identity to CbmaT1. The other, which shares only the 26-bp ITR sequences with one of the CbmaT variants, is present in eight nearly identical copies, but does not have a transposase gene and may therefore be cross mobilised by a CbmaT transposase. Using PCR-based mobility assays, we show that CbmaT1 transposons are capable of excising from the C. briggsae genome. CbmaT1 excised approximately 500 times less frequently than Tcb1 in the reference strain AF16, but both CbmaT1 and Tcb1 excised at extremely high frequencies in the HK105 strain. The HK105 strain also exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous induction of unc-22 mutants, suggesting that it may be a mutator strain of C. briggsae. 相似文献
5.
M. Vázquez-Luis J. M. Guerra-García P. Sanchez-Jerez J. T. Bayle-Sempere 《Helgoland Marine Research》2009,63(2):107-117
Growth of the invasive algae Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in shallow habitats may influence the faunal assemblage composition. We studied its effects on caprellid assemblages associated
with shallow-water habitats of hard and soft bottoms from the SE Iberian Peninsula (native rocky-bottom algae, C. racemosa from hard and soft bottoms, and Caulerpa prolifera, Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica from soft bottoms). Samples were taken in two different sampling periods (September 2004 and March 2005). A total of seven
caprellid species were identified, with important differences in their distribution in different habitats. Total abundance
of caprellids was very high in March on native algae on hard bottoms, and on C. racemosa on both soft and hard bottoms. On both hard and soft bottoms, abundances of Caprella hirsuta recorded from C. racemosa were low. On the other hand, a higher abundance of other species, namely C. acanthifera, C. santosrosai, Phtisica marina and Pseudoprotella phasma, was recorded from C. racemosa. The results indicate that C. racemosa may have a positive influence on some caprellid species, while seasonal changes are also evident. It is concluded that introduced
C. racemosa may serve as a new habitat, promoting and maintaining caprellid populations in shallow Mediterranean habitats. 相似文献
6.
Nehme N Mathieu F Taillandier P 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(7):685-693
This study examines the interactions that occur between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus oeni strains during the process of winemaking. Various yeast/bacteria pairs were studied by applying a sequential fermentation strategy which simulated the natural winemaking process. First, four yeast strains were tested in the presence of one bacterial strain leading to the inhibition of the bacterial component. The extent of inhibition varied widely from one pair to another and closely depended on the specific yeast strain chosen. Inhibition was correlated to weak bacterial growth rather than a reduction in the bacterial malolactic activity. Three of the four yeast strains were then grown with another bacteria strain. Contrary to the first results, this led to the bacterial stimulation, thus highlighting the importance of the bacteria strain. The biochemical profile of the four yeast fermented media exhibited slight variations in ethanol, SO(2) and fatty acids produced as well as assimilable consumed nitrogen. These parameters were not the only factors responsible for the malolactic fermentation inhibition observed with the first bacteria strain. The stimulation of the second has not been reported before in such conditions and remains unexplained. 相似文献
7.
P. Selvakumar S. Rajasekar K. Periasamy N. Raaman 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(10):2125-2131
Melanins are enigmatic pigments that are produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including several species of bacteria
and fungi. For more than 40 years, fungi have been known to produce pigments called melanins. Melanin pigment production by
mushrooms was not intensively studied. The present study was carried out on isolation and characterization of melanin from
an edible mushroom Pleurotus
cystidiosus var. formosensis. The mushroom produced dark mucous mass of hyaline arthrospores on mycelium. The coremia exclusively produced dikaryotic
arthrospores with the remnant of a clamp connection. Continuous cell extension and division in the coremium stipe supplied
cells for arthroconidiation at the coremium apex, which is surrounded by a liquid droplet (coremioliquid). The black coloured
coremea (conidia) were produced by Antromycopsis macrocarpa (anamorph of P. cystidiosus) when cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. The agar plate was incubated at continuous light illumination for high amount
of pigment (coremea) production. The slimy layer of the coremea was extracted and partially purified by alkaline and acid
treatment. The black pigment was confirmed as melanin based on UV, IR and EPR spectra apart from chemical analysis. This is
the first report on characterization of melanin obtained from Pleurotus
cystidiosus var. formosensis. 相似文献
8.
Taillebourg E Moreau-Fauvarque C Delaval K Dura JM 《Development genes and evolution》2005,215(3):158-163
The RYK subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterised by unusual, but highly conserved, amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain. The linotte/derailed gene encodes a Drosophila RYK subfamily member involved in embryonic and adult central nervous system development. Previous studies have shown that the kinase activity of this receptor is not required in vivo for its embryonic function. In this study, we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domain and the kinase activity of the linotte/derailed receptor tyrosine kinase in adult brain development. Our results indicate that these domains are not essential for adult brain development but they are required for the proper regulation of the activity of this receptor. This sheds light on a regulatory role for the kinase activity of a RYK subfamily member.Edited by C DesplanEmmanuel Taillebourg and Caroline Moreau-Fauvarque contributed equally to this work 相似文献
9.
Seventeen isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were evaluated for their pathogenicity against the tobacco spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard. In the laboratory all the fungal isolates were pathogenic to the adult female mites, causing mortality between 22.1 and 82.6%. Isolates causing more than 70% mortality were subjected to dose–response mortality bioassays. The lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) values ranged between 0.7×107 and 2.5×107 conidia ml−1. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) values of the most active isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae strains varied between 4.6 and 5.8 days. Potted tomato plants were artificially infested with T. evansi and treated with B. bassiana isolate GPK and M. anisopliae isolate ICIPE78. Both fungal isolates reduced the population density of mites as compared to untreated controls. However, conidia formulated in oil outperformed the ones formulated in water. This study demonstrates the prospects of pathogenic fungi for the management of T. evansi. 相似文献
10.
Tanino T Aoki T Chung WY Watanabe Y Ogino C Fukuda H Kondo A 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(1):59-66
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of our Bacillus cereus isolate (NRRL 100132) in reducing concentrations of nitrogenous wastes and inhibiting growth of fish pathogens. In vivo efficacy
and tolerance to a range of physiological conditions in systems used to rear Cyprinus carpio make this isolate an excellent candidate for aquaculture applications. Production cost is an important consideration in development
of commercially relevant biological products, and this study examines the optimization of nutrient supplementation, which
has an impact on high-density production of spores by fermentation. Corn steep liquor (CSL) was identified as a lower cost
and more effective nutrient source in comparison to conventional nutrient substrates, in particular yeast extract and nutrient
broth. The improved sporulation performance of B. cereus could be related to the increased availability of free amino acids, carbohydrates, and minerals in CSL, which had a positive
effect on sporulation efficiency. The impact of nutrient concentration on spore yield and productivity was modeled to develop
a tool for optimization of nutrient concentration in fermentation. An excellent fit of the model was confirmed in laboratory
fermentation studies. A cost comparison revealed that production using liquid phytase and ultrafiltered-treated CSL was less
expensive than spray-dried CSL and supported cultivation of B. cereus spores at densities higher than 1 × 1010 CFU ml−1. 相似文献
11.
Gustavo Graciano Fonseca Eliezer Avila Gandra Liana Fossati Sclowitz Ana Paula Antunes Corrêa Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(3):449-456
Pleurotus species are found to be among the most efficient lignocellulolytic types of white-rot fungi. Rice is the main grain cultivated
in the extreme south of Brazil. Defatted rice bran and straw are by-products of low aggregate value. Soft rush (Juncus effusus) is a common native plant also very abundant in the region. In the present work, we evaluated changes in substrate composition
after growth of two white-rot fungal species: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju, aiming to increase protein content and digestibility from substrates through solid fermentations and obtain edible mushrooms
of high aggregate value. For that, defatted rice bran, defatted rice straw and soft rush were utilized as substrate. The influence
of the variables thermal treatment temperature of substrate, substrate moisture and concentration were evaluated on the protein
content, digestibility and biological efficiency. The highest protein enrichment of rice bran in P. sajor-caju-fermented medium was due the fact that there was no fructification in these media, while for the P. ostreatus-fermented medium, part of the synthesized protein was converted into mushrooms. The highest protein enrichments were verified
in medium with 80% moisture and 25% soft rush (47.1% using P. ostreatus and 49.0% using P. sajor-caju). A higher digestible protein increase was obtained for both species in media with 70% moisture and 25% soft rush. 相似文献
12.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
D. J. Goyder 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(2):331-333
Summary
Funastrum rupicola Goyder, a new species of Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae from Bolivia, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this species is assessed. 相似文献
14.
Lawson-Balagbo LM Gondim MG de Moraes GJ Hanna R Schausberger P 《Experimental & applied acarology》2007,43(1):49-61
The eriophyoid mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Eriophyidae), commonly called the coconut mite, is a key pest of coconut fruits. Surveys conducted on coconut palms
in Brazil revealed the predatory mites Neoseiulus paspalivorus DeLeon (Phytoseiidae) and Proctolaelaps bickleyi Bram (Ascidae) as the most commonly associated natural enemies of A. guerreronis on coconut fruits. However, virtually nothing is known about the life history of these two predators. We conducted laboratory
experiments at 25 ± 0.1°C, 70–90% RH and 12:12 h L:D photoperiod to determine the life history characteristics of the two
predatory mites when feeding on A. guerreronis and other potential food sources present on coconut fruits such as Steneotarsonemus furcatus DeLeon (Tarsonemidae), coconut pollen and the fungus Rhizopus cf. stolonifer Lind (Mucoraceae). In addition, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) was tested for its suitability as prey. Both predators, N. paspalivorus and P. bickleyi, thrived on A. guerreronis as primary food source resulting in shorter developmental time (5.6 and 4.4 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate
(1.7 and 7.0 eggs/female/day, respectively) and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.232 and 0.489 per female/day, respectively)
than on any other diet but were unable to develop or lay eggs when fed T. urticae. Coconut pollen and S. furcatus were adequate alternative food sources for N. paspalivorus and Rhizopus for P. bickleyi. We discuss the relevance of our findings for natural and biological control of the coconut mite A. guerreronis. 相似文献
15.
16.
Gutiérrez-Lomelí M Torres-Guzmán JC González-Hernández GA Cira-Chávez LA Pelayo-Ortiz C Ramírez-Córdova Jde J 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2008,93(4):363-371
This work assessed the effect of the overexpression of ADH1 and HXT1 genes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AR5 strain during fermentation of Agave tequilana Weber blue variety must. Both genes were cloned individually and simultaneously into a yeast centromere plasmid. Two transformant
strains overexpressing ADH1 and HXT1 individually and one strain overexpressing both genes were randomly selected and named A1, A3 and A5 respectively. Overexpression
effect on growth and ethanol production of the A1, A3 and A5 strains was evaluated in fermentative conditions in A. tequilana Weber blue variety must and YPD medium. During growth in YPD and Agave media, all the recombinant strains showed lower cell
mass formation than the wild type AR5 strain. Adh enzymatic activity in the recombinant strains A1 and A5 cultivated in A. tequilana and YPD medium was higher than in the wild type. The overexpression of both genes individually and simultaneously had no
significant effect on ethanol formation; however, the fermentative efficiency of the A5 strain increased from 80.33% to 84.57%
and 89.40% to 94.29% in YPD and Agave medium respectively. 相似文献
17.
We have investigated the floral ontogeny of Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis (of the eucalypt group, Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Several critical characters for establishing relationships between these genera and to the eucalypts have been determined. The absence of compound petaline primordia in Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis excludes these taxa from the eucalypt clade. Post-anthesis circumscissile abscission of the hypanthium above the ovary in Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia is evidence that these three taxa form a monophyletic group; undifferentiated perianth parts and elongated fusiform buds are characters that unite Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis as sister taxa. No floral characters clearly associate Arillastrum with either the eucalypt clade or the clade of Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia.We gratefully acknowledge Clyde Dunlop and Bob Harwood (Northern Territory Herbarium) for collecting specimens of Allosyncarpia, and Bruce Gray (Atherton) for collecting specimens of Stockwellia. The Australian National Herbarium (CANB) kindly lent herbarium specimens of Eucalyptopsis for examination. This research was supported by a University of Melbourne Research Development Grant to Andrew Drinnan. 相似文献
18.
Notocactus scopa cv. Soonjung was subjected to in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration, pin-pricking, and a combination of the two methods. The pin-pricking combined with vacuum infiltration (20-30 cmHg for 15 min) resulted in a transformation efficiency of 67-100%, and the expression of the uidA and nptII genes was detected in transformed cactus. The established in planta transformation technique generated a transgenic cactus with higher transformation efficiency, shortened selection process, and stable gene expression via asexual reproduction. All of the results showed that the in planta transformation method utilized in the current study provided an efficient and time-saving procedure for the delivery of genes into the cactus genome, and that this technique can be applied to other asexually reproducing succulent plant species. 相似文献
19.
Sarawood Sungkaew Atchara Teerawatananon John A. N. Parnell Chris M. A. Stapleton Trevor R. Hodkinson 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(4):669-673
Summary A new monotypic bamboo genus Phuphanochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from north-eastern Thailand is described, together with a new species, P. speciosa. 相似文献