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1.
It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however,
to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic
syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and
metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60 years. MetS risk score is
determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and
blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk
score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG
and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower
serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive
correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = −0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum
glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults. 相似文献
2.
Shikha Mehta Prashant Kumar Rai Devendra Kumar Rai Nilesh Kumar Rai A. K. Rai Dane Bicanic Bechan Sharma Geeta Watal 《Food biophysics》2010,5(3):186-192
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the elements of the extract of seed from Emblica officinalis on antioxidant enzymes and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes membrane in normal as well as streptozotocin-induced severely
diabetic albino Wister rats. The results revealed that the untreated diabetic rats exhibited increase in oxidative stress
as indicated by significantly diminished activities of free radical scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) by 37.5% (p < 0.001) and 18.6% (p < 0.01), respectively. However, the E. officinalis seed extract treatment showed marked improvements in CAT and SOD activities by 47.09% (p < 0.001) and 21.61% (p < 0.001), respectively. The enhanced lipid peroxidation by 30.87% (p < 0.001) in erythrocytes of untreated diabetic rats was significantly accentuated in the extract treated animals by 23.72%
(p < 0.001). The erythrocytes showed increased osmotic fragility due to diabetes in terms of hemolysis. It attained the normal
level in diabetic treated group. The findings thus suggest that E. officinalis seed extract has the potential to be exploited as an agent to boost the antioxidant system in the diabetic animal model.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used as an analytical tool to detect major and minor elements like Mg, Fe, Na,
K, Zn, Ca, H, O, C, and N present in the extract. The higher concentration of Ca (II), Mg (II) and Fe (II) as reflected by
their intensities are responsible for the antioxidant potential of E. officinalis. 相似文献
3.
Bhaskar JJ Shobha MS Sambaiah K Salimath PV 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2011,67(3):415-425
Diabetes is a chronic health problem and major cause of death in most of the countries. Diet management plays an important
role in controlling diabetes and its complications along with insulin and drugs. We have examined the effect of banana (Musa sp. var. elakki bale) flower and pseudostem on hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. Our results indicated that banana flower and pseudostem have low glycemic index and have a high content of
dietary fiber and antioxidants. Diabetic symptoms like hyperglycemia, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, urine sugar, and body
weight were ameliorated in banana flower- and pseudostem-treated rats. Increased glomerular filtration rate in the diabetic
group (5.1 ± 0.22 ml/min) was decreased in banana flower-fed (2.5 ± 0.37 ml/min) and pseudostem-fed (3.0 ± 0.45 ml/min) groups
and were significant at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively. Fructosamine and AGEs formed during diabetes were inhibited in treated groups when compared with the
diabetic group. The diabetic group showed 11.5 ± 0.64 μg of AGEs/mg protein in kidney, whereas, in banana flower- and pseudostem-fed
groups, it was reduced to 9.21 ± 0.32 and 9.29 ± 0.24 μg/mg protein, respectively, and were significant at P < 0.01. These findings suggest that banana flower and pseudostem have anti-diabetic and anti-AGEs properties and are beneficial
as food supplements for diabetics. 相似文献
4.
This study reports the effects of dietary iron (Fe) deficiency and recovery on bone mineral composition and strength in anemic
rats submitted to a hemoglobin (Hb) repletion assay. Weanling male Wistar rats were fed a low-Fe diet (12 mg/kg) for 15 days
followed by 2 weeks of Fe repletion with diets providing 35 mg Fe/kg as either ferrous sulfate (n = 8) or ferric pyrophosphate (FP; n = 12). At final day of each period (depletion and repletion), Fe-adequate animals were also euthanized. Iron status (blood
Hb, Hb Fe pool, Hb regeneration efficiency), tibia mineral concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and biomechanical properties
were evaluated. Iron-deficient rats had lower tibia Fe and Mg levels and bone strength when compared to controls. Yield load
and resilience were positively related to tibia Mg levels (r = 0.47, P = 0.02 and r = 0.56, P = 0.004, respectively). Iron repletion did not recover tibia Mg concentrations impaired by Fe deficiency. Moreover, bone
elastic properties were negatively affected by FP consumption. In conclusion, bone mineral composition and strength were affected
by Fe deficiency, whereas dietary Fe source influenced tibia Mg and resistance in the period during which rats were recovering
from anemia. 相似文献
5.
Ersoy IH Koroglu BK Varol S Ersoy S Varol E Aylak F Tamer MN 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):619-624
Although there are many studies on effect of fluoride on trace elements in experimental animals, few studies exist on serum
trace elements levels in patients with endemic fluorosis. We aimed to determine the serum levels of trace elements including
serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and serum levels of minerals including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium
(Na), potassium (K) in patients with endemic fluorosis. The study group consisted of 30 patients with endemic fluorosis (17
females, 13 males, mean age 33.53 ± 9.85 years). An age, gender, and body mass index matched 30 healthy volunteers comprised
control group (21 females, ten males with a mean age 33.93 ± 7.39 years). Urine fluoride levels of chronic fluorosis patients
were significantly higher than that of control subjects as expected (1.92 ± 0.10 mg/l vs. 0.41 ± 0.09 mg/l, respectively;
P < 0.001). Serum Cu levels (89.14 ± 16.77 μg/dL vs. 102.69 ± 25.04 μg/dL, respectively, P = 0.017), serum Zn levels (77.98 ± 20.58 μg/dL vs. 94.57 ± 35.87μg/dL, respectively, P = 0.032), and serum Mg levels (1.92 ± 0.18 mg/dL vs. 2.07 ± 0.31 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.022) was significantly lower in chronic fluorosis patients than in controls. There were no statistically significant
differences between the fluorosis group and control group with respect to serum levels of Na, K, Ca, and P. We concluded that
chronic fluorosis is associated with reduced serum levels of Cu, Zn, and Mg. 相似文献
6.
Carlos Velasco-Reynold Miguel Navarro-Alarcon Herminia Lopez-Ga de la Serrana Vidal Perez-Valero Ahmad Agil Maria C. Lopez-Martinez 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(3):313-324
Total and dialysable magnesium and calcium levels and corresponding dialysabilities were measured in duplicate meals (n = 108) during 36 consecutive days. The interaction exerted by other nutrients and energy on them was also performed. Total
mean magnesium and calcium fractions of 113.9 ± 98.3 and 337.2 ± 278.9 mg/meal respectively, were found. The Mg and Ca levels
supplied by meals are positively (p < 0.05) correlated with macronutrient contents (carbohydrates and proteins). The mean dialysable Mg and Ca fractions were
56.9 ± 36.3 and 127.4 ± 112.3 mg/meal (50.4 ± 13.2 and 37.8 ± 10.7% as dialysabilities, respectively). Total Mg and Ca levels
are significantly correlated with corresponding element dialysabilities (p < 0.05). For both minerals, significant correlations between their total and dialysable fractions and between their dialysable
level and dialysabilities were noted (p < 0.01). The mean Mg and Ca daily dietary intakes (DDI) were 341.7 ± 68.0 and 1,011.6 ± 424.4 mg/day, respectively. For Ca
and Mg the existence of similarities in their behaviour in meals and absorptive processes has been found. Duplicate meals
with raw vegetables are good sources of bioaccessible Mg. High Ca dialysability has been found in the analysed meals. The
fish and products constitute a good source of bioaccessible Ca. Mg, Ca, zinc, and chromium levels enhanced significantly the
Mg dialysability. The Ca dialysability rose significantly with dialysable Ca and chromium fractions (p < 0.05). 相似文献
7.
Kamińska J Sobiak J Suliburska JM Duda G Głyda M Krejpcio Z Chrzanowska M 《Biological trace element research》2012,145(2):136-143
The proper concentrations of plasma bioelements may favorably reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders, which often occur
during immunosuppressive therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is currently one of the most frequently administered immunosuppressive
agents; however, MMF treatment is often related to gastrointestinal side effects. The aim of this study was thus to verify
whether the MMF treatment itself, or its metabolite pharmacokinetics, has an effect on the concentrations of plasma bioelements.
To determine this, the effect of MMF on the levels of both major (sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg]),
and trace (iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu]) plasma bioelements in 61 renal transplant recipients was assessed in comparison
to a control group (n = 45). The pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography
method. All patients filled out a 24-h diet history questionnaire. The results showed high plasma concentrations of Fe and
low plasma concentrations of Mg and Zn as compared with diagnostic norms. The patients treated with MMF had significantly
lower plasma Na (P < 0.001) and significantly higher plasma Zn (P = 0.030) and Cu concentrations (P < 0.001). In conclusion, MMF treatment was found to affect plasma Fe, Zn, and Cu levels by increasing their concentrations
while decreasing the plasma Na concentration. Mg and Zn deficiencies, as well as excessive Fe levels, are frequently observed
irrespective of the immunosuppressive regimen applied, which suggests that monitoring of these bioelements may be favorable. 相似文献
8.
Chae CH Jung SL An SH Jung CK Nam SN Kim HT 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2011,67(2):235-241
We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise performed regularly for 6 weeks on the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF),
tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and caspase-3 in the soleus of rats
with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups:
(1) normal control group (NCG; n = 8), (2) normal exercise group (NEG; n = 8), (3) diabetes control group (DCG; n = 8), and (4) diabetes exercise group (DEG; n = 8). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg dissolved in 0.05 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Rats
were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The protein level of NGF significantly increased in the NEG
and DEG (p < 0.001), whereas the levels of tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001). The levels of t-PI3-K, p-PI3-K, and p-CREB, and the p-CREB/t-CREB ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001, respectively). The p-PI3-K/t-PI3-K ratio significantly increased in the DEG (p < 0.001). The p-Erk1/t-Erk1 ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001), whereas the p-Erk2/t-Erk2 ratio significantly decreased in the DCG and DEG (p < 0.001). The caspase-3 level significantly increased in the DCG compared with that in the DEG (p < 0.001). These results suggest that treadmill exercise increases NGF levels and accelerates p-PI3-K activation in order
to suppress apoptotic cell death in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. 相似文献
9.
Huang L Yu X Zhang J Liu X Zhang Y Jiao X Yu X 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):154-159
Wilson disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder causing copper accumulation and consequent toxicity. d-Penicillamine, a potent metal chelator, is an important therapy for Wilson disease. To investigate the changes of metal elements
under the treatment of d-penicillamine, we determined the levels of Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se, Mn, Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Tl, and Al by ICP-MS in 24-h urine
of 115 Wilson disease patients who had received treatment with d-penicillamine for 1 month to 22 years at maintenance doses, as well as 115 age-matched, healthy controls. The levels of Cu,
Mg, Ca, Zn, Hg, Pb, Tl, Cd, and Mn in the 24-h urine of the cases were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05), and the observed increases in the levels of Mg, Ca, and Zn were directly correlated with the treatment duration
with Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R) of 0.356 (Mg), 0.329 (Ca), and 0.313 (Zn), respectively (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of Al and As in the 24-h urine were lower than those of the controls (P < 0.05) and were negatively correlated with the treatment time with R of −0.337 (Al) and −0.398 (As), respectively, (P < 0.05). Thus, this study indicates that the levels of metal elements may be altered in patients with Wilson disease under
the treatment of d-penicillamine. 相似文献
10.
Souvik Roy Sudheer Kumar Dontamalla Anil Kumar Mondru Santanu Sannigrahi Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(1):55-71
To investigate whether sodium selenate treatment would impact on the onset of diabetic nephropathy, we examined blood glucose,
serum biochemical components, and interrelationship between oxidative stress, TGF-β1, and apoptosis in streptozotocin (STZ)
induced diabetic rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group I (n = 10), normal control; Group II (n = 10), diabetic control; Group III (n = 10), sodium selenate (16 μmoles/kg) + diabetic; Group IV (n = 10), sodium selenate (32 μmoles/kg) + diabetic; Group V (n = 10), sodium selenate (16 μmoles/kg) control; and Group VI (n = 10), sodium selenate (32 μmoles/kg) control. Sodium selenate was administered via orogastric route for 10 weeks. In the
diabetic group, diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). The levels of blood glucose were
estimated and total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and albumin
were detected in serum. Antioxidant status was examined by measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione,
and lipid peroxidation in kidney tissues. Histopathological studies were performed in the kidney tissue sections. The expression
of TGF-β1 was estimated by the immunohistochemical analysis in kidneys. Apoptotic study in kidney was performed using the
TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique. It was observed that blood glucose, serum, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol,
triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and albumin were significantly higher in diabetic control groups. Diabetic + sodium selenate
(16 and 32 μmoles/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose, serum, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine,
urea, and albumin levels. Selenium-treated groups significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, catalase, and
glutathione) in kidneys of diabetic rats. All enzyme activities of selenium control groups did not differ compared with the
normal control. Sodium selenate reduces significantly lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Cellular architecture of the diabetic
rats was altered whereas sodium selenate administration rectifies the degenerative changes of the kidney. Profound immunopositivity
of TGF-β1 was observed in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells of diabetic rat kidney. Immunopositivity of TGF-β1 was
significantly reduced in both low and high dose of sodium-selenate-treated rats (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). High numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in diabetic rats whereas sodium selenate in both doses significantly
reduces the incidence of apoptosis (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). We conclude herein that sodium selenate has the potential to play a significant role in limiting the renal impairment
by altering the apoptosis and TGF-β1 in experimental diabetic rats. 相似文献
11.
Jesús Villanueva Marisol Soria Carlos González-Haro Laura Ezquerra José L. Nieto Jesús F. Escanero 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):398-406
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oral iron supplementation on hematological and iron metabolism in elite
soccer players. Thirty-five members of the Real Zaragoza SAD soccer team took part in this study: group A (GA, n = 24; Spanish Premier League) took an oral iron supplement of 80 mg day−1 for 3 weeks, and group B (GB, n = 11; Spanish Third Division League) did not receive any supplementation. In GA, the parameters were measured before and
after giving the iron supplements, while in GB, measurements were only made at the time of collecting the second set of data
from GA. After supplementation, GA showed an increase in serum iron (SI) (P < 0.05), serum ferritin (Ftn) (P < 0.01), and transferrin saturation (Sat) (P < 0.01) with respect to the basal values. In addition, GA showed higher values of hematocrit (P < 0.01), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.01), Ftn (P < 0.01), and Sat (P < 0.01) than GB. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. More specifically, a higher percentage of
players had Ftn levels above upper limits in GA vs. GB (P < 0.05), and GB had a higher incidence of Ftn below lower limits with respect to subjects in GA (P < 0.01). Further, after treatment, 58.3% of GA had >800 mg of SI, while all players in GB presented levels below the lower
limits. In conclusion, iron supplementation with 80 mg·day−1 for 3 weeks, before the start of the soccer season, can be recommended for elite soccer players. 相似文献
12.
Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci Hakki Gokbel Rasim Mogulkoc Nilsel Okudan Kagan Ucok Ihsan Halifeoglu 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(1):79-83
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise and zinc deficiency on some elements in rats.
Forty adult male Sprague–Dawley species male rats were allocated to four groups as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: zinc-deficient,
Group 3: exercise in which exercise group fed with a normal diet, Group 4: zinc-deficient exercise, exercise group fed by
a zinc-deficient diet for 15 days. After the procedure ended, rats in groups 3 and 4 were exercised on the treadmill for 60 min
at a speed of 6 m/min until the exhaustion. The rats were decapitated 48 h after exercise together with their controls, and
blood samples were collected to determine copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) levels.
The highest Cu and Fe values in the serum were obtained in group 2 (p < 0.01). The levels of these elements in group 4 were lower than those in group 2 and higher than the levels in groups 1
and 3 (p < 0.01). Serum Mg levels did not differ significantly between groups. Group 4 had the lowest serum Ca and P levels (p < 0.01). These same parameters in Group 2 were higher than those in group 4 but significantly lower than those in groups
1 and 3 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between Ca and P levels of groups 1 and 3. The results of the study indicate
that zinc deficiency adversely affects copper, iron, calcium, and phosphorus mechanisms and that these adverse effects much
more marked after an effort exercise. 相似文献
13.
Ayhan Dogukan Nurhan Sahin Mehmet Tuzcu Vijaya Juturu Cemal Orhan Muhittin Onderci James Komorowski Kazim Sahin 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(2):124-132
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis) against experimentally induced
type II diabetes and on chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in serum, liver,
and kidney of diabetic rats. The male Wistar rats (n = 60, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group I received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat); group II were
fed standard diet and received CrHis (110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day); group III received a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks and then
were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg i.p.; HFD/STZ); group IV were treated as group III (HFD/STZ)
but supplemented with 110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day. The mineral concentrations in the serum and tissue were determined
by atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to the HFD/STZ group, CrHis significantly increased body weight and reduced blood
glucose in diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Concentrations of Cr, Zn, Se, and Mn in serum, liver, and kidney of the diabetic rats were significantly lower
than in the control rats (p < 0.0001). In contrast, higher Fe and Cu levels were found in serum and tissues from diabetic versus the non-diabetic rats
(p < 0.001). Chromium histidinate supplementation increased serum, liver, and kidney concentrations of Cr and Zn both in diabetic
and non-diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Chromium supplementation increased Mn and Se levels in diabetic rats (p < 0.001); however, it decreased Cu levels in STZ-treated group (p < 0.001). Chromium histidinate supplementation did not affect Fe levels in both groups (p > 0.05). The results of the present study conclude that supplementing Cr to the diet of diabetic rats influences serum and
tissue Cr, Zn, Se, Mn, and Cu concentrations. 相似文献
14.
Bernadette M. Marriott James C. Smith Richard M. Jacobs Ann O. Lee Jones Joanne D. Altman 《Biological trace element research》1996,53(1-3):147-165
The use of hair for the assessment of human mineral nutritional status is controversial, yet has potential because of the
ease of collection and storage, and the high concentration of minerals in hair. This study generated baseline values for hair
macromineral content in the most commonly used primate model for human nutrition and disease, the rhesus monkey. Hair digests
from monkeys in Maryland (n=98) and Puerto Rico (n=208) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Significant differences existed
between the two populations for hair calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) (P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.02). Male hair had higher concentrations of Mg in specimens from the Puerto Rican population (P<0.001), whereas hair phosphorus was higher in female hair (P<0.02). There were no significant differences attributable to pregnancy status. Differences in hair content attributable to
categorical age were found for Ca and Mg (P<0.001,P<0.01). Significant location differences paralleled dietary differences. These values therefore can be considered reference
ranges for hair Ca, Mg, and P for free-ranging and caged rhesus monkeys.
Preliminary reports of portions of these data were presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Biology, April 1982, New Orleans, LA (B. M. Marriott, J. C. Smith, R. Jacobs, A. O. Jones, M. J. Kessler,
and R. Rawlins,Fed. Proc. 41:770 [1982]) and in a symposium at the 6th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, 1983, East Lansing,
MI (B. Marriott, J. C. Smith, R. Jacobs, A. O. Lee Jones, R. Rawlins, and M. J. Kessler,Am. J. Primatol. 4(3):157 [1983]; B. Marriott, J. C. Smith, Jr., R. M. Jacobs, A. O. Lee Jones, R. Rawlins, and M. J. Kessler, inThe Cayo Santiago Macaques, R. Rawlins and M. J. Kessler, eds., SUNY Press, Albany, NY, pp. 219–231 [1986]). 相似文献
15.
Jaak Jürim?e Peter J. Abernethy B. M. Quigley Kirsten Blake Michael T. McEniery 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(4):357-362
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression of the triceps brachii muscle
and isoinertial, isometric and isokinetic strength indices in competitive bodybuilders (CB, n = 5), recreational resistance trainers (RT, n = 5), endurance-trained rowers (ER, n = 5) and control (C, n = 5) subjects. Muscle tissue samples were analysed for MHC isoform content using 6% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis. The CB possessed significantly smaller (P < 0.05) percentage of MHC type IIb proteins [12.92 (SD 7.08)%] than RT [30.08 (SD 6.58)%] ER [31.20 (SD 2.74)%] and C [38.22
(SD 2.95)%] groups (i.e. CB < RT ≈ ER < C). While the content of MHC type IIa isoforms did not differ significantly between
the two resistance-trained groups [CB = 55.76 (SD 5.38)%; RT = 45.72 (SD 7.8)%], CB presented significantly more type IIa
MHC isoforms than ER [42.84 (SD 2.98)%] and C [34.72 (SD 1.57)%] subjects (i.e. CB ≈ RT > ER ≈ C). The MHC type I protein
content did not differ significantly among RT [24.20 (SD 4.89)%] ER [25.38 (SD 1.67)%] and C [27.06 (SD 1.81)%] groups. The
CB [31.32 (SD 2.67)%] presented significantly more type I MHC isoforms only in comparison with RT. However, when changes in
the percentage of MHC type I isoforms were converted to effect sizes (ES), it appeared that low statistical power rather than
the absence of an effect accounted for the nonsignificant differences between CB and other groups (i.e. CB > RT ≈ ER ≈ C).
Significant differences existed in isoinertial strength among the trained athletes (i.e. CB > RT > ER ≈ C), while isometric
and isokinetic strength were not significantly different among any of the trained groups. However, the ES transformation of
data demonstrated that large differences existed between resistance-trained groups and ER for isometric and isokinetic strength
(i.e. CB ≈ RT > ER ≈ C). A statistically significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) was found between MHC type IIb isoforms and isoinertial strength index (r = − 0.68). The MHC type IIa proteins were positively related to all the strength measures considered (r = 0.51 – 0.61; P < 0.001). These data demonstrated different patterns of MHC isoform expression among the different groups of athletes and
it is suggested that these differences on occasion may affect the expression of strength.
Accepted: 24 September 1996 相似文献
16.
Alireza Nakhaee Mohammad Bokaeian Azim Akbarzadeh Mohammad Hashemi 《Biological trace element research》2010,136(2):221-231
High blood glucose concentration in diabetes induces free radical production and, thus, causes oxidative stress. Damage of
cellular structures by free radicals play an important role in development of diabetic complications. In this study, we evaluated
effects of sodium tungstate on enzymatic and nonenzymatic markers of oxidative stress in brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups (ten rats in each group): untreated control, sodium tungstate-treated control,
untreated diabetic, and sodium tungstate-treated diabetic. Diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal STZ injection (65 mg/kg
body weight), and sodium tungstate with concentration of 2 g/L was added to drinking water of treated animals for 4 weeks.
Diabetes caused a significant increase in the brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01) and protein carbonyl levels (P < 0.01) and a decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power (P < 0.01). Moreover, diabetic rats presented a reduction in brain glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (21%), superoxide dismutase
(41%), glutathione peroxidase (19%), and glutathione reductase (36%) activities. Sodium tungstate reduced the hyperglycemia
and restored the diabetes-induced changes in all mentioned markers of oxidative stress. However, catalase activity was not
significantly affected by diabetes (P = 0.4), while sodium tungstate caused a significant increase in enzyme activity of treated animals (P < 0.05). Data of present study indicated that sodium tungstate can ameliorate brain oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic
rats, probably by reducing of the high glucose-induced oxidative stress and/or increasing of the antioxidant defense mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
A. J. Allsopp R. Sutherland P. Wood S. A. Wootton 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(6):516-521
The effect of manipulating sodium intake upon sweat sodium secretion was investigated during heat acclimation. Twenty-five
male subjects were confined to an environmental chamber at a temperature of 25°C for 3 days, and then acclimated to heat by
a further 5 days at 40°C. The subjects' daily sodium intake was controlled throughout as follows: high (HNa), 348.4 (0.8) mmol · day−1, n = 7; moderate (MNa), 174.1 (0.6) mmol · day−1, n = 9; or low (LNa), 66.3 mmol · day−1, n = 9. Sodium losses were estimated from urinary, faecal and sweat collections using a whole-body washdown method. Plasma aldosterone
concentration was also measured from venous blood sampled each morning. Measurements of body temperature and heart rate during
the heat exposure phase indicated a degree of heat acclimation. During this heat phase there was a reduction (P < 0.01) in sweat sodium secretion for all three conditions which was greatest for the LNa condition, although this finding
was not significant (P < 0.1). In the LNa condition, plasma aldosterone concentration increased (P < 0.05) prior to heat exposure, and the secretion of aldosterone was potentiated (P < 0.01) during the heat exposure in comparison with the MNa condition. In contrast, the HNa diet produced a fall (P < 0.05) in plasma aldosterone concentration prior to heat exposure and an attenuation of aldosterone secretion thereafter.
These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that retention of sweat sodium is dependent upon a net body sodium deficit,
but demonstrate that aldosterone secretion is potentiated under such conditions.
Accepted: 22 May 1988 相似文献
18.
Objective Study the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on the whole blood concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium
(Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in mice.
Materials and methods Single or repeat restraints were applied to mice to induce acute or chronic stress. The levels of elements in whole blood
were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results The levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mg in blood in the acute-stress group were 351, 5.05, 60, and 44 μg/ml, respectively, and those
in the corresponding control group were 391, 5.90, 59, and 45 μg/ml, respectively. The levels of blood Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mg
in the chronic-tress group were 291, 3.62, 59, and 40 μg/ml, respectively, and those in the corresponding control group were
393, 4.82, 48, and 43 μg/ml, respectively. The levels of Fe and Zn in the blood of both the acute-stress and the chronic-stress
groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the control groups. The Ca level in whole blood was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the chronic-stress group than that in the control group.
Conclusion Acute and chronic restraint stress can cause changes in blood levels of Fe and Zn in mice. 相似文献
19.
Chih-Hung Guo Wang-Sheng Ko Pei-Chung Chen Guoo-Shyng W. Hsu Chia-Yeh Lin Chia-Liang Wang 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(1):13-24
The present study was conducted to compare the trace elements and oxidative status between uremic patients with and without
dementia. Chronic hemodialysis patients with dementia (n = 20) and without dementia (n = 25), and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 20) were enrolled. The nutritional status, blood levels of trace elements aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium
(Mg) and iron (Fe), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl production, antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx),
and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured. No significant difference in nutritional status or clinical characteristics
was observed between nondementia and dementia patients. However, uremic patients with dementia have significantly higher Al,
Cu, and Mg and lower Zn concentrations, as well as increased Cu/Zn ratio in comparison to nondementia patients. There were
statistically significant increased MDA and carbonyl production and decreased GPx and GR activities in dementia patients.
Furthermore, the significant associations of Al, Mg, and Cu/Zn ratio with oxidative status in patients with dementia were
noted. The dementia may initially worsen with abnormal metabolism of trace elements and oxidative stress occurrence. Our results
suggest that abnormalities in trace element levels are associated with oxidative stress and may be a major risk factor in
the dementia development of uremic patients. 相似文献
20.
Kerstin Müller Rainer Altenkamp Jens Raila Daniel Schmidt Robert Dietrich Andrea Hurtienne Michael Wink Oliver Krone Leo Brunnberg Florian J. Schweigert 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(5):1043-1049
In this study, we investigated the α-tocopherol plasma concentrations in healthy free-ranging nestlings of the white-tailed
sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) as well as of free-ranging adults of the white-tailed sea eagle (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45). α-Tocopherol plasma concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. α-Tocopherol
plasma concentrations in nestlings of osprey, white-tailed sea eagle, and northern goshawk did not differ significantly amongst
the species, but the common buzzard and honey buzzard nestlings had significantly lower α-tocopherol plasma concentrations
than nestlings of the other species (both P < 0.001). Adult male ospreys and white-tailed sea eagles had significantly higher α-tocopherol concentrations compared to
adult females (both P < 0.005). Adult ospreys and northern goshawks had significantly higher α-tocopherol plasma concentrations compared to their
nestlings (both P < 0.001). In adult female northern goshawks, plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol increased significantly before egg laying
(P < 0.001). These results demonstrate α-tocopherol plasma concentrations in birds of prey to be species specific and influenced
by age and reproductive status. 相似文献