Detection of Flaviviruses by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction with the Universal Primer Set

Using a universal primer set designed to match the sequence of the NS1 gene of flaviviruses, the virus RNA of dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), powassan and langat of Flaviviridae were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) via cDNA; and with different internal primers, the serotypes of the dengue viruses were identified. Of the 78 clinically diagnosed dengue fever patients, 18 patients were positive for DEN 1, 48 patients for DEN 2 and 8 patients concurrently infected with DEN 4. Of the 52 patients admitted with Japanese encephalitis (JE), 45 were determined to be JEV infections. By nested PCR, we completed the identification of flaviviruses within 2 days. The results show that seven primers have a potential value for rapid clinical diagnosis of flavivirus infections.     

利用逆转录酶的聚合酶链式反应检测外周血中的肿瘤细胞

本文就RT－PCR技术检测外周血中肿瘤细胞的基本原理及其在黑色素瘤,肝癌,乳腺癌,结直肠癌,前列腺癌等检测中的应用加以综述。     

逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测鼠肝炎病毒方法的建立

建立特异、灵敏的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术,结合碱性磷酸酶标记的探针杂交检测鼠肝炎病毒（MHV）,采用MHV－3,MHV－A59病毒株感染DBT细胞,37℃培养,待细胞出现病变时收集提取病毒RNA。依据MHV基因序列设计一对高度保守区特异性引物,进行RT－PCR扩增,结果可见147bp的鼠肝炎病毒产物特异扩增带。敏感性实验检测到10pg的鼠肝炎病毒RNA,同时用ELISA方法对照。结果提示应用RT—PCR技术结合探针杂交检测鼠肝炎病毒。具有简便、快速、灵敏等优势。本研究在国内尚未见报道。     

实验犬布氏杆菌的多重PCR检测与分型鉴定

目的建立实验犬及相关生物制品布氏杆菌的多重PCR检测与分型鉴定方法。方法选择布氏杆菌Omp2基因同源性较高的区域设计引物对布氏杆菌进行多重PCR扩增,扩增结果一致的样本进行酶切以区分不同型,同时进行序列测定,以确定该方法的准确性;然后验证该方法的特异性和敏感性。结果成功扩增得到目的条带,并通过酶切区分五种布氏杆菌;PCR产物与布氏杆菌DNA序列同源性达到99%,并验证了该方法的检测结果。实验结果证明该方法特异性较好,灵敏性为1.8×10^-7μg/mL。结论成功建立布氏杆菌多重PCR检测与分型鉴定方法,所建立的方法特异性好,灵敏度高。本研究对保证实验犬群的质量,保护饲养人员、实验人员的身体健康具有重要意义。     

多重PCR在烟草转基因检测中的应用

通过添加PCR增强剂DMSO,优化了检测转基因烟草中外源基因35S启动子、NPT Ⅱ基因和NOS终止子的PCR体系.将多重PCR应用于烟草转基因检测,实现了同一反应中可以检测35S启动子与烟草内源基因硝酸还原酶(NR)或NPT Ⅱ基因和NOS终止子.通过对待检样品试验,该方法稳定、可靠.     

聚合酶链反应技术检测禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒

目的建立聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)的方法。方法提取感染REV-T和脾坏死病毒(SNV)的SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞DNA为模板,利用前病毒长末端重复序列(LTR)区引物进行扩增。采集肿瘤病鸡,以及人工感染REV 28 d后鸡肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏、胸腺、法氏囊等器官,进行扩增。同时将采集的脏器组织,进行HE染色和免疫组化试验(IHC)。结果REV-T感染的组织未检测出电泳条带,而SNV感染的细胞中检测到了一条300bp特异而清晰的电泳条带,而且SNV感染的鸡组织中,PCR方法检测到了特异的条带。通过HE染色和免疫组化技术观察到了肿瘤组织,肿瘤细胞的形态、分布。结论PCR检测REV更快捷,特异更好。     

肾综合征出血热病毒基因检测及分型的研究

根据流行于我国的两型ＨＦＲＳＶ代表株汉滩型７６１１８株及汉城型Ｒ２２株Ｍ节段的核酸序列,设计两型共同引物,建立了逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）方法,检测３９株从不同地区、不同宿主分离的ＨＦＲＳＶ感染鼠脑及细胞培养物;同时还建立了捕捉ＥＬＩＳＡ法（ｃＥＬＩＳＡ）,检测了３９株中的３６株,每份样本设复孔,以Ｐ／Ｎ≥２．１０且Ｐ－Ｎ≥０．１０者判为阳性。ＲＴＰＣＲ及ｃＥＬＩＳＡ两法的检出率分别为９７．６％与８２．４％,二者符合率８４．６％。此外,对ＲＴＰＣＲ产物进行酶切分型,３８份扩增产物中的１５份可被ＡｌｕＩ切开。根据所获酶切图谱的差异,可分为汉滩型及汉城型两型,显示了酶切分型的潜在价值     

Detection of Artichoke Latent Virus by an Indirect Dot-ELISA

An indirect Dot-ELISA was compared with DAS-ELISA for detecting Artichoke Latent Virus (ALV) both in purified preparations and in crude sap from “Spinoso sardo” artichoke leaves. Antigen diluted samples (1 μl) were first spotted on nitrocellulose (NC) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. After blocking, the membranes were incubated in rabbit anti-ALV IgG, then in goat anti-rabbit IgG—alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and finally exposed to substrate and examined for a coloured precipitate. The minimum detection levels for ALV by Dot-ELISA were 125 pg of purified virus and 1/2,000 dilution of virus-infected sap on NC, and 83.3 pg of purified virus and 1/4,000 dilution of virus-infected sap on PVDF, as compared with 50 ng of purified virus and 1/1,000 dilution of virus-infected sap detectable by DAS-ELISA. This indirect Dot-ELISA proved to be more sensitive and more economical than DAS-ELISA, and can be completed in as little as 5—6 hours.     

多重RT-PCR一步法技术同时检测猪瘟病毒和蓝耳病病毒方法的建立以及初步应用

猪瘟病毒和蓝耳病病毒均能导致猪繁殖障碍,对养猪生产影响很大。根据猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和猪蓝耳病(PRRS)的基因保守序列设计了2对针对这2种病毒的特异引物,并建立了多重RT-PCR方法,分别对其最佳反应条件、特异性及敏感性进行了测定,结果表明能同时扩增得到2条与试验设计相符的167bp(CSFV)和320bp(PRRS)特异性条带,同时具有较好的特异性;敏感性检测结果表明,临床阳性的样品提取的核酸稀释1000倍后仍能检测出CSFV和PRRSV。本方法的建立对于这2种病毒病的早期快速检测具有十分重要的意义。     

Detection of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

We constructed primers for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7. The multiplex PCR primers were designed from the sequence of the flagellin structural gene of Escherichia coli flagellar type H7 (GenBank under accession number L07388), and from the sequence of the rfbE gene of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (GenBank under accession number S83460). In addition to these primers, we used a primer pair reported by Karch and Meyer (J. Clin, Microbiol. 27: 2751-2757, 1989) to amplify various VT genes from VTEC. All of the examined specimens (18 isolates) of VT-producing E. coli O157:H7 showed a positive result by the multiplex PCR test with the three sets of primers. The sensitivity of detection for VT-producing E. coli O157:H7 was shown to be at least 3,000 cells per PCR tube.     

Characterization of a Latent Elongated Virus from Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Italy

A virus with filamentous particles was isolated from symptomless plants of Cynara scolymus cvs Romanesco and Terom obtained by in vitro meristem culture in northern Italy. The virus was characterized biologically, physico-chemically and serologically. The cytopathology induced by its infection in two artificial hosts (Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana) was also investigated. The virus has slightly flexuous elongated particles measuring 12 ± 664 nm; its sedimentation coefficient, RNA content, mol. wts. of RNA and coat protein subunits are 150 S, 6 %, 2.2 × 10⁶ and 2.9 × 10⁴, respectively. In microprecipitation tests, it resulted serologically related to poplar mosaic virus (PopMV) (SDI = 4–5). Cellular inclusions and cytopathology observed in both the artificial hosts conform to those of the carlavirus group.     

Detection and Identification of Yersinia pestis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Using Multiplex Primers

A PCR method for detection of Yersinia pestis-virulence determinants by the use of multiplex primers was developed. Four pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed from each gene of three kinds of virulent plasmids and a chromosomal DNA; 60-Md plasmid-located gene (caf1) encoding Y. pestis-specific capsular antigen fraction 1, a Y. pestis-specific region of a yopM gene encoded on 42-Md virulent plasmid, a plasminogen activator gene (pla) encoded on Y. pestis-specific 7-Md plasmid and an invasin protein gene (inv) encoded on chromosomal DNA. This multiplex-primer system was specific for the detection of Y. pestis among pathogenic Yersinia species and other enterobacteriaceae having antigens common to Y. pestis. Since this method is simple and safe, it will be useful to identify and confirm Y. pestis in cases of emergency and for the surveillance of epidemics.     

用套式多聚酶链反应技术监测乙型肝炎病毒的母婴垂直传播

用套式多聚酶链反应（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ）技术对１６９对ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测。１０３对ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为７２．８％和３３．０％;６６对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８６．４％和４３．９％。对５５例ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性产妇产后的初乳进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率为３６．４％。结果表明ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率较ＨＢｓＡｇ单阳性的孕妇及其新生儿要高,其初乳中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的检出率也高。还对１０５例注射了乙肝疫苗及高价乙肝特异性免疫球蛋白的６月龄婴儿的外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果有２３例阳性。     

Use of the Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Pelargonium Flower Break Carmovirus

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to detect pelargonium flower break carmovirus (PFBV) in total RNA extractions made from infected Pelargonium plants. Extracts were reverse transcribed (RT) and the resultant cDNA was amplified by PCR, using oligonucleotide primers specific for 343, 510 and 832 base pair fragments of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of PFBV.
The specificity and sensitivity of RT-PCR were compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of PFBV in Pelargonium tissues. The virus could be detected efficiently in high dilutions of sap from infected plants and at low concentrations of purified virus. Although ELISA is a powerful tool for virus detection, RT-PCR was over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected Pelargonium than was ELISA. The limit of detecting PFBV RNA by RT-PCR was 200 fg, compared with 200 pg of virus by ELISA.     

应用RT—PCR检测流产胎儿组织中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）美洲型膜蛋白和核衣壳蛋白基因序列,设计了一对含有ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶切位点的引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ对四个流产猪场的病料进行了检测,扩增出约９１８ｂｐ的基因片段。通过病毒分离、酶切鉴定和序列分析证实为ＰＲＲＳＶ感染。结果说明应用所设计的引物进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ快速检测ＰＲＲＳ是可行的,为我国快速特异诊为ＰＲＲＳ和ＰＲＲＳＶ强毒株的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Detection ofMycoplasmain Avian Live Virus Vaccines by Polymerase Chain Reaction

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated to detect mycoplasma contamination of avian live virus vaccines. The specificity of the primers showed that 34 strains belonging to nine species of avian mycoplasma DNA could be detected. The sensitivity of PCR to detect mycoplasma DNA was 10^0·2colony forming units (cfu) ofMycoplasma synoviaeand 10^0·7cfu ofMycoplasma gallisepticum. WhenM. synoviaeandM. gallisepticumwere spiked into several avian live virus vaccines, PCR gave a positive reaction except for the avian pox and the avian encephalomyelitis vaccines which were prepared from organ homogenates. Short-term incubation of avian encephalomyelitis vaccine improved the sensitivity of PCR to detect bothM. synoviaeandM. gallisepticum. Therefore, PCR, combined with the short-term incubation, were shown to be most effective in detecting mycoplasma contamination in all of avian live virus vaccines.