学名索引

学 名 页Abies………………13.204,215A.delavayi………………204A.forbestii………………204A.yuanbaoshanensis…204A.ziyuanensis……………204Acacia auriouiaeformis ………………………358.359A.catechu…………………277A.chundra………………277A.deeurrens……………...280A.hirta…·…….…·………277A.holoserieea…·…”15,358A.mearnsii………………280A.planifronS···…·……··277Acanthaccae ……………143,161,213,224Acanthopanax erodiae～ folius……·……….……….4Acanthus……-………·.…213A.eb…     

一些孟加拉当地产水果的抗氧化活性

研究了A. heterophyllus, A. squamosa, T. bellirica, S. samarangense, A. carambola and O. europa 水果的抗氧化活性。首先将这些成熟的水果切成小片,然后用日光晒干,最后用研磨器磨成粉末。这些水果粉末用99.99%的乙醇进行乙醇提取。这些提取物的活性通过其清除稳定的1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)自由基的能力进行测定。实验结果表明,所有A. heterophyllus, A. squamosa, T. bellirica, S. samarangense, A. carambola and O. europa这些水果的乙醇提取物都具有抗氧化活性,这些水果的乙醇提取物的的IC₅₀值分别是410, 250, 34, 200, 30 和76μg/mL。其中A. carambola具有最高的抗氧化活性,其次是T. bellirica, O. europa, S. samarangense, A. squamosa 和 A. heterophyllus 。结果表明A. carambola, T. bellirica 和 O. europa对人体健康是非常有益的。     

中国分类学文献中南洋杉属两种之订正

通过调查,对Araucaria cunninghamii和A.heterophylla的选模式和中国分类学文献（如《广州植物志》、《中国树木学》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《中国植物志》、《中国树木志》、《Flora of China》、《中国高等植物》）的A.cunninghamii和A.heterophylla（或A.excelsa）作比较,证实中国分类学文献中的A.cunninghamii和A.heterophylla（或A.excelsa）分别是A.heterophylla（Salisb.）Franco和A.cunninghamii Aiton ex A.Cunn.。这两种植物的叶形变化较大,但有明显的区别：诺福克南洋杉A.heterophylla幼树的末级小枝的叶细长呈线形、叶尖急尖,生长角小于45°,腹面无明显的脊,成龄株的末级小枝的叶扁平呈鳞片状;南洋杉A.cunninghamii幼树的末级小枝的叶呈两侧扁的钻形、叶尖短刺状,生长角45°-90°,腹背两面具明显的脊,成龄株的末级小枝的叶呈四棱状钻形。     

一类三次Kolmogorov系统的极限环存在性和唯一性

研究一类三次Kolmogorov系统:x=x（A0+A1x-A3x2+A2y+A4xy）,y=y（-1+x2-y）（＊）.当A1>0,A2<0,A4<0时得到:当A0-A2>A02.x＊>x＊时,系统（＊）在第一象限内存在极限环;当A0>（A1A2）/A4,A3>A3时,系统（＊）在第一象限内存在唯一的极限环.     

广西■岗自然保护区植物区系资料(Ⅱ)

<正> 马兜铃科 A ristolochiaceae (山弄)岗通城虎 新种 图1 Aristolochia longgangensis C. F. Liang, sp. nov.—Fig.1 Species A, fordianae Hemsl. et A. chlamydopyllae C. Y. Wu affinis, sedracemis saepe fasciculatis; perianthii limbo ligulato contorto; fructibus aspe-     

我国扁桃属植物的染色体数

本文观察了我国扁桃属(Amygdalus)植物的染色体数。其结果:1.普通扁桃A. communis L. 2n=16;2.榆叶梅A. triloba(Lindl.)Ricker 2n=64;3.长柄扁桃A. pedunculata Pall. 2n=96;4.蒙古扁桃A. mongolica(Maxim.)Yü2n=16;5.西康扁桃A. tangutica Korsh. 2n=16;6.矮扁桃A. ledehouriana Schlecht 2n=16。以上这些结果表明,在我国丰富的扁桃种质资源中,多倍体的潜力还相当大,这对我国今后培育扁桃新品种无疑是特别值得注意的。     

雄性花蜱Amblyomma cyprium Neumann在云南河口之发现

根据以往文献,花蜱属种类在我国已记载过的共有7种,即Amblyonima formosanum;A.pscudolacve;A.javanense;A.testudinarium;A.vajimai;A.helvolum和A.cyprium。其中绝大部分发现于沿海一带,而由云南采获者只有A.javanense(Nuttall氏等,1926)一种。 1960年10月夏代光同志赠与作者蜱类标本雌雄各2个。这些标本都是同年采自云南河口的水牛Bubalus bubalis(Linné)身上。由于当时手     

芍药属牡丹组分类补注

把沈保安2001年发表的6个新组合和新等级处理为异名,这些异名是Paeonia linyanshanii (S. G. Haw &; L. A. Lauener) B. A. Shen (不合法名),P. linyanshanii ssp. taibaishanica (D. Y. Hong) B. A. Shen (不合法名),P. ostii T. Hong &; J. X. Zhang ssp. lishizhenenii (lishizhenii) (B. A. Shen) B. A. Shen (=P. ostii), P. delavayi Franch. ssp. angustiloba (Rehder &; E. H. Wilson) B. A. Shen 和ssp. lutea (Delavay ex Franch.) B. A. Shen (=P. delavayi)以及P. delavayi ssp. ludlowii (Stern &; Taylor) B. A. Shen (=P. ludlowii (Stern &; Taylor) D. Y. Hong)。     

我国八种蜜环菌的木腐特性

为了揭示我国不同蜜环菌Armillaria的木腐特性,本研究以我国8个蜜环菌种为材料,采用蜜环菌液接种1 cm³的枹栎Quercus serrata木方,置于23℃下培养60 d和120 d,采用重量法、Klason法、硫酸水解法和盐酸水解法测定木材质量、纤维素含量、木质素含量和半纤维素含量,研究各蜜环菌株的木腐能力及差异性。结果表明,各蜜环菌种对枹栎木质量损失率排序为:CBS M(A.borealis)>CBS A(A.sinapina)=CBS J(A.qinii)=CBS H(A.bruneocystidia)=CBS F(A.sinensis)=CBS B(A.gallica)>CBS N(A.violacea)=CBS D(A.ostoyae);木质素的分解能力排序为:CBS M=CBS A=CBS J>CBS H=CBS B=CBS F>CBS N>CBS D;纤维素降解利用率排序为CBS H=CBS A>CBS B>CBS J>CBS F>CBS D>CBS M>CBS N;半纤维素分...     

钝颚螱属Ahmadiermes一新种

我国产钝颚螱属Ahmaditermes Akhtar计有七种:1.粗鼻钝颚螱Ahmaditermes crassinasus Li;2.角头钝颚螱A.deltocephalus(Tsai et Chen);3.贵州钝颚螱A.guizhouensis Li et Ping;4.梨头钝颚螱A.pyricepalus Akhtar;5.四川钝颚螱A.sichuanensis Xia,Gao et Pan;6.中国钝颚螱3A.sinensis Tsai et Huang;7.丘额钝颚螱A.sinuosus(Tsai et Chen)。作者在整理四川省产钝颚螱属标本时,又发现一新种,现介绍如下:渡口钝颚螱A.dukouensis sp.nov.兵螱(图A—D):头部橙黄色;鼻基部色稍深;象鼻为赤褐色;触角色近似头色;前胸背板前部为浅赤褐色,后…     

黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个中国新记录

报道我国黑痣菌属3个新记录。它们是野黍黑痣菌哥伦比亚变种Phyllachora eriochloae var. colombiensis,野黍黑痣菌原变种 Phyllachora eriochloae var. eriochloae 和禾黑痣菌狗牙根生变种 Phyllachora graminis var. cynodonticola,其寄主分别是云南省的禾本科植物、画眉草属植物和狗牙根。对这些分类单元进行了描述与图解。所有研究标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU)。     

我国黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个新记录种

报道我国黑痣菌属3个新记录种,它们是酸模芒黑痣菌Phyllachora centothecae,库尔格黑痣菌P. coorgiana和马唐生黑痣菌P. digitariicola,其寄主分别是酸模芒,薏苡和马唐,采自江西、安徽、海南、陕西和云南省。对这3个种进行了描述和图解。研究标本保藏于西北农林科技大学真菌标本室（HMUABO）和云南农业大学真菌标本室（MHYAU）。     

黑痣菌属Phyllachora三个中国新记录

报道中国黑痣菌属3个新记录种,即小黑痣菌Phyllachora minutissima、宽椭圆黑痣菌Phyllachora platyelliptica和相邻黑痣菌Phyllachora contigua,寄主分别是白草,苞子草和崖豆藤,对其进行了描述;标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU).     

我国黑痣菌属三个新记录种

报道了中国新记载的黑痣菌属的樟黑痣菌Phyllachora cinnamomi,牡竹黑痣菌P. dendrocalami和莎草黑痣菌P. cyperina,文中提供描述和附图。提供了我国黑痣菌在樟科、禾本科牡竹族和莎草科植物上已知种的检索表。研究标本保存于云南农业大学真菌标本室。     

黑痣菌属3个新记录种

<正>Phyllachora luteomaculata (Schwein.) Orton, J. Dept.Agric. Porto Rico 2: 152, 1918.Fig. 1≡ Sphaeria luteomaculata Schwein., Transactionsof the Amer. Phil. Soc.,     

A molecular phylogeny of Panicum (Poaceae: Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae

Panicum L. is a cosmopolitan genus with approximately 450 species. Although the genus has been considerably reduced in species number with the segregation of many taxa to independent genera in the last two centuries, Panicum remains a heterogeneous assemblage, as has been demonstrated in recent years. The genus is remarkably uniform in its floral characters but exhibits considerable variation in anatomical, physiological, and cytological features. As a result, several classifications, and criteria of what the genus should really include, have been postulated in modern literature. The purpose of this research, based on molecular data of the chloroplast ndhF gene, is to test the monophyly of Panicum, to evaluate infrageneric classifications, and to propose a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. Based on the present results, previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, and inferred diagnostic morphological characters, we restrict Panicum sensu stricto (s.s.) to the former subgenus Panicum and support recognition of Dichanthelium, Phanopyrum, and Steinchisma as distinct genera. We have transfered other species of Panicum to other genera of the Paniceae. Most of the necessary combinations have been made previously, so few nomenclatural changes have been required. The remaining species of Panicum sensu lato (s.l.) are included within Panicum incertae sedis representing isolated species or species grouped within monophyletic clades. Additionally, we explore the performance of the three codon position characters in producing the supported phylogeny.     

Octopodotus stupendus gen. & sp. nov. and Phyllachora paludicola sp. nov., two marine fungi from Spartina alterniflora

The coelomycete Octopodotus stupendus and the ascomycete Phyllachora paludicola are described as obligate marine fungi from the decomposing salt-marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora. Both species fruit only on the leaf blades, not on the leaf sheaths. Whereas O. stupendus is known so far only from North Carolina, P. paludicola has been collected from Florida to Delaware. The total number of marine fungi reported from Spartina spp. is 41.     

Sodium Requirement of Monocotyledonous C4 Plants for Growth and Nitrate Reductase Activity

The effects of Na application on growth and nitrate reductaseactivity of seven C₄ plant species, Zea mays, Echinochloa crus-galli,Panicum miliaceum, Panicum coloratum, Panicum dichotomiflorum,Panicum maximum and Chloris gayana were studied. Except forZ. mays and P. miliaceum, Na application enhanced growth significantly,and concurrent increases in nitrate reductase activities weredetected in Panicum coloratum, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Panicummaximum and Chloris gayana. ¹Present address: International Research Institute, Ciba GeigyJapan Ltd., Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan. ²Present address: Photobiology Lab., Research Institute forFood Science, Kyoto Univ., Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan. (Received May 2, 1988; Accepted August 22, 1988)     

Effects of O(2) Tension and Temperature during Light Uptake of CO(2) on the Dark Release of CO(2) by Excised C(3) and C(4) Leaves

A study was conducted on a C₄ (Panicum maximum) and a C₃ (Panicum bisulcatum) species to determine the nature of the dark release of ¹⁴CO₂ with respect to its responses to changes in temperature and O₂ tension during light CO₂ uptake of ¹⁴CO₂.     

A molecular phylogeny of the grass subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) shows multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis

DNA sequence data from the chloroplast gene ndhF were analyzed to estimate the phylogeny of the subfamily Panicoideae, with emphasis on the tribe Paniceae. Our data suggest that the subfamily is divided into three strongly supported clades, corresponding to groups with largely identical base chromosome numbers. Relationships among the three clades are unclear. In unweighted parsimony analyses, the two major clades with x = 10 (Andropogoneae and x = 10 Paniceae) are weakly supported as sister taxa. The third large clade corresponds to x = 9 Paniceae. In analyses under implied weight, the two clades of Paniceae are sisters, making the tribe monophyletic. Neither resolution is strongly supported.Our molecular phylogenies are not congruent with previous classifications of tribes or subtribes. Based on this sample of species, we infer that C(4) photosynthesis has evolved independently several times, although a single origin with multiple reversals and several reacquisitions is only slightly less parsimonious. The phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) subtype of C(4) photosynthesis has evolved only once, as has the NAD-malic enzyme (ME) subtype; all other origins are NADP-ME. Inflorescence bristles are apparently homologous in the genera Setaria and Pennisetum, contrary to opinions of most previous authors. Some genera, such as Digitaria, Echinochloa, and Homolepis are supported as monophyletic. The large genus Paspalum is shown to be paraphyletic, with Thrasya derived from within it. As expected, Panicum is polyphyletic, with lineages derived from multiple ancestors across the tree. Panicum subg. Panicum is monophyletic. Panicum subg. Dichanthelium, subg. Agrostoides, and subg. Phanopyrum are unrelated to each other, and none is monophyletic. Only Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium, represented by P. sabulorum and P. koolauense, is monophyletic. Panicum subg. Megathyrsus, a monotypic subgenus including only the species P. maximum, is better placed in Urochloa, as suggested by other authors.