四环素抗性重组鼠李糖乳杆菌的构建

将含有鼠李糖乳杆菌同源序列的自杀质粒pUC-ldhD-Ter转化到鼠李糖乳杆菌JCM 1553中,成功获得2株含四环素抗性的重组鼠李糖乳杆菌GL-1和GL-2。采用PCR技术鉴定重组菌株染色体基因组上含有四环素抗性基因Ter;生长曲线说明四环素抗性基因的插入对鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长没有较大影响。抗性菌株GL-1和GL-2在含10%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基发酵结果显示:37℃,200 r/min发酵40h,菌体密度OD₆₀₀最大达到25.49和24.66,残糖含量为0.60%和0.63%,L-乳酸最高产量为93.956 g/L、93.693 g/L,葡萄糖转化率达到94.82%、94.56%,与原始菌株没有显著区别。     

高糖和氮源对鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)L-乳酸发酵的影响

鼠李糖乳杆菌经实验室耐高糖高酸选育,能够在高糖浓度下高效高产L-乳酸。以酵母粉为氮源和生长因子,葡萄糖初始浓度分别为120 g/L和146 g/L,摇瓶培养120h,L-乳酸产量分别为104g/L和117.5g/L,L-乳酸得率分别为86.7%和80.5%。高葡萄糖浓度对菌的生长和乳酸发酵有一定的抑制。增加接种量,在高糖浓度发酵条件下,可以缩短发酵时间,但对增加乳酸产量效果不明显。乳酸浓度对鼠李糖乳杆菌生长和产酸有显著的影响。初始乳酸浓度到达70g/L以上时,鼠李糖乳杆菌基本不生长和产酸,葡萄糖消耗也被抑制。酵母粉是鼠李糖乳杆菌的优良氮源,使用其它被测试的氮源菌体生长和产酸都有一定程度的下降。用廉价的黄豆粉并补充微量维生素液,替代培养基中的酵母粉,可以使产酸浓度和碳源得率得以基本维持。     

耐酸鼠李糖乳杆菌的驯化筛选研究

目的通过驯化以及筛选,得到能够耐酸的鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株。方法将鼠李糖乳杆菌三级发酵菌液接入人工胃液中驯化,获得耐酸菌株。经连续6次驯化筛选,以及人工肠液耐受性实验。结果鼠李糖乳杆菌GD0029在人工胃液中的存活率可达42.93%,比驯化前提高了2.7倍,其对人工肠液也具有较好的耐受性。结论筛选得到的鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株具有很高的应用价值。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌LV108及其发酵乳免疫调节作用的比较

目的 探讨鼠李糖乳杆菌LV108及其发酵乳对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。 方法 将BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,即空白组(正常小鼠)、模型组(免疫抑制小鼠)、药物组(免疫抑制小鼠食物中添加左旋咪唑)、LV108菌悬液组(免疫抑制小鼠食物中添加LV108菌悬液)和LV108发酵乳组(免疫抑制小鼠食物中添加LV108发酵乳),除空白组外其余组构建免疫抑制小鼠模型。干预4周后,分别测定各组小鼠体质量和脏器指数,血清中白细胞介素2(IL2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量,血清溶血素含量、耳肿胀度和肝、脾巨噬细胞吞噬能力。 结果 相比模型组,LV108菌悬液组和LV108发酵乳组小鼠体质量增长速度、脏器指数、血清IL2与IgG水平、血清溶血值、耳肿胀度和巨噬细胞吞噬能力显著升高(均P结论 LV108菌体及发酵乳对免疫抑制小鼠具备较全面的免疫调节作用,均可提高小鼠的自身免疫力;LV108发酵乳对小鼠的免疫调节作用强于LV108菌体。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌-格氏乳杆菌联用对阴道致病菌的抑制作用

目的本文通过提取细菌基因组进行16S rDNA PCR扩增和测序,分析菌株的进化树分支,鉴定一株乳酸菌菌株RD-0060并检测RD-0060与已有菌株RD-0046联用的抑菌能力和细胞粘附能力。方法结合现有菌株RD-0046(格氏乳杆菌,Lactobacillus gasseri),采用牛津杯法研究RD-0060单菌、RD-0060和RD-0046联用抑制致病菌的能力。通过共培养细菌和阴道上皮细胞VK2/E6E7,研究RD-0060单菌和RD-0060/RD-0046二联菌粘附能力。结果 RD-0060为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus),具有抑制阿托波菌、阴道加德纳菌和常见好氧型病菌的功能,对阴道上皮细胞也有较强的粘附能力;RD-0060和RD-0046二联菌的抑菌效果和细胞粘附能力比单菌株更强。结论鼠李糖乳杆菌和格氏乳杆菌联用能显著抑制阴道致病菌生长,并且能够大量粘附阴道细胞,而且两菌株联用有协同效果,具有良好的临床应用和开发前景。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG相关产品的研究进展

LGG作为世界上研究得最多的菌株之一,很多文献报道该菌有各种临床疗效,但随着研究的深入,越来越多经科学设计的人体临床试验得以开展,以前宣称的很多疗效并未在人体试验中得到证实,本综述目的是通过对近年发表的文献进行综述,主要从临床疗效的角度和安全性的角度来阐述论证LGG应用研究的可能性,本文综述了近几年关于LGG疗效的正反两方面的信息,希望能为中国的相关研发单位和企业提供一些风险警示,以防过于乐观地进行相关的药品研发或产业化。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌颗粒表面展示系统的构建

为了比较不同锚钩蛋白基序结合活性,构建新型的鼠李糖乳杆菌颗粒表面展示系统。首先,用热酸处理法制备鼠李糖乳杆菌GEM(Gram-positive enhancer matrix,GEM)颗粒,并通过电镜观察、RT-PCR检测和SDS-PAGE检测鉴定其处理效果;同时,利用大肠杆菌表达了锚定蛋白PA3-EGFP和P60-EGFP并将其与GEM颗粒共同孵育结合;最后,使用免疫印迹、电镜观察、荧光显微镜观察和荧光分光光度法评价鼠李糖乳杆菌GEM颗粒与锚定蛋白的结合效率。结果表明,使用10%的TCA处理鼠李糖乳杆菌得到了灭活的肽聚糖骨架(GEM颗粒),经鉴定其大小形态均一,绝大部分无蛋白残留,3.8×10~6个GEM颗粒样品中的DNA拷贝数仅为32;免疫印迹和荧光显微镜观察均可检测到融合蛋白PA3-EGFP和P60-EGFP锚定在GEM颗粒上,且结合在GEM颗粒表面的锚定蛋白呈絮状。荧光分光光度计法检测结果显示锚定蛋白PA3-EGFP结合GEM的效率稍高于P60-EGFP,但差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明由鼠李糖乳杆菌制得的GEM颗粒与锚定蛋白PA3、P60的结合效率良好,可用于构建新型的外源蛋白表面展示系统,进而为后续的细菌样颗粒疫苗的研究与应用奠定基础。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR的方法从鼠李糖乳杆菌基因组DNA中扩增到D-(+)-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldhD),并连接到载体pSE380上,构建表达质粒pSE-ldhD,将重组质粒pSE-ldhD转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),重组菌株经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明ldhD在大肠杆菌中实现了表达,表达产物的分子量约为37kD。同时采用紫外分光光度法测定D-乳酸脱氢酶的酶活,测得重组菌株的D-乳酸脱氢酶活力为5.4U/mL,最适反应温度为35℃,最适pH为5.6。     

Growth and lactic acid production in batch culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a defined medium

To facilitate metabolic analysis, batch fermentations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus were carried out in a new defined medium. Biomass at 10.5 g/l and lactic acid at 67 g/l with a YP/S of 0.84 were achieved. The maximum specific growth rate and the average productivity were 0.49/h and 2.48 g/l.h, respectively. These are comparable to those of this organism and related organisms in complex media. Preliminary amino acid studies were also conducted, highlighting the importance of serine, asparagine, glutamine and cysteine. Kinetic analysis revealed that lactic acid production was predominantly growth-associated with growth associated and non-growth associated lactic acid constants of 0.389 mol/g-cell and 0.0025 mol/g-cell.h, respectively. Finally a kinetic model has been included to describe the fermentation of L. rhamnosus.     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PROTEINASE FROM THE PROBIOTIC Lactobacillus rhamnosus OXY

A proteinase produced by the human gastrointestinal isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain OXY was identified and characterized. The prtR2 gene coding for proteinase activity was detected in the examined strain. The PCR primers used were constructed on the basis of the sequence of the prtR2 proteinase gene from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The enzyme was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using CM-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 columns. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the enzyme had a relatively low molecular mass of 60 kD. Protease activity was observed at a pH range from 6.5 to 7.5 with optimum k _cat/K _m values at pH 7.0 and 40°C. Maximum proteolytic activity (59 U mL^?1) was achieved after 48 hr of cultivation. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited only by irreversible inhibitors specific for serine proteinases (PMSF and 3,4-dichloro-isocumarine), suggesting that the enzyme was a serine proteinase. Proteinase activity was increased by Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and inhibited by Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Fe^2+.     

不同来源鼠李糖乳杆菌的随机扩增多态DNA分析

[目的]建立鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Lr)菌株之间的分子鉴别方法并分析不同分离株之间的遗传多样性.[方法]从56份采集自中国新疆和田和广西巴马瑶族自治县的长寿老人粪便样本中分离得到的乳酸菌中,经生理生化分析和API 50CHL试验条鉴定,获得10株Lr.对10株Lr分离株和1株Lr标准株ATCC7469进行了随机扩增多态DNA分析,从50条随机引物中筛选到5条在菌株水平上具有鉴别力的引物P14、OPG28、OPG25、P7和P4并建立和优化了Lr菌株RAPD指纹图谱扩增方法.根据RAPD结果计算菌株间的遗传相似系数并进行聚类分析.[结果]获得了清晰稳定的DNA指纹图谱,扩增产物大小在100～2000bp之间,菌株间呈现显著的DNA多态性,不同来源的Lr分离株的遗传相似系数在0.581～0.935之间,在相似系数0.80水平上可以将11株Lr菌株分为5个类群,其中分离自新疆和田的Lr菌株归在类群B和类群C,而分离自广西巴马瑶族自治县的Lr菌株归在类群D和类群E.[结论]应用RAPD方法对Lr菌株进行分子鉴别是可行的,不同来源的Lr之间存在着较大的种内遗传多态性和不同的亲缘关系.     

The identification of a low molecular mass bacteriocin,rhamnosin A,produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain 68

Aims: This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of a peptide with bacteriocin‐like properties isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain 68, previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and originating from human gastrointestinal flora. Methods and Results: The peptide was isolated from a supernatant of bacteria maintained under restrictive conditions by a combination of ethanol precipitation and reversed‐phase chromatography. The molecular mass of the peptide as assessed by mass spectrometry was 6433·8 Da. An isoelectric point of 9·8 was determined by 2D‐PAGE. The peptide designated rhamnosin A inhibited Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698 but did not inhibit Lactobacillus plantarum 8014 or Lact. plantarum 39268. Inhibitory activity against M. lysodeikticus at concentrations used in this study was shown to be bacteriostatic rather than bacteriolytic or bactericidal. Rhamnosin A retained biological activity after heat treatment (95°C, 30 min) but was sensitive to proteolytic activity of pepsin and trypsin. Conclusions: The N‐terminal sequence of rhamnosin A, as determined by Edman degradation and in more detail by blast analysis, did not show identity with any currently available Lact. rhamnosus HN001‐translated protein sequences, nor any significant similarity with other sequences in the nonredundant protein sequence database. Being a small, heat‐stable, nonlanthionine‐containing peptide, rhamnosin A should be categorized as a class II bacteriocin. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study describes a partial bacteriocin sequence isolated from Lact. rhamnosus 68 and broadens our understanding of bacteriocins.     

Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an indispensable role in the control of immune responses and induction of peripheral tolerance. Dysregulation of Tregs is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tolerogenic probiotics have shown beneficial effects in the control of autoimmune diseases. We evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Tregs and their related molecules in pristane-induced lupus mice model. Fifty-four female BALB/c mice (3–5 weeks) were randomly divided into nine groups. Lupus was induced in all groups using pristane. Prophylactic groups were treated from Day 0 (at the time of pristane injection) and treatment groups were treated 2 months later with L. rhamnosus, L. delbrueckii, mix of both probiotics, and prednisolone. One group was considered as SLE-induced control group without any treatment. Presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antidouble-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), antiribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP), proteinuria, and serum level of creatinine, urea, the expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, transforming growth factor β, and the number of Tregs were determined. SLE induction by pristane led to the formation of lipogranuloma, presence of ANA, anti-dsDNA, and anti-RNP. Probiotics consumption decreased the level of lipogranuloma, ANA, and anti-dsDNA. In addition, in probiotics receiving groups, Tregs and the expression level of Foxp3 increased, while IL-6 decreased. The effect of probiotics in the prophylactic group was more prominent. The results may indicate the effectiveness of L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus in the enhancement of Tregs and the decrease of inflammatory cytokines and disease severity in SLE-induced mice.