经体外缺失诱变组建人杂交干扰素αA/γ

使用寡核苷酸指导的定点突变方法,将人αA型干扰素的完整基因与γ干扰素C端16个氨基酸的编码序列融合,在噬菌体λP_L启动子控制下,合成了一个杂交蛋白质。此蛋白质经抗人α干扰素单克隆抗体纯化后,在MDBK细胞上具有抗病毒活性,并像γ干扰素一样,可被依赖于cAMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化。[γ-~(32)P]杂交蛋白与MDBK细胞的结合,可被αA型干扰素大大抑制(70％)。     

新型猫源干扰素FeIFN-ω与干扰素FeIFN-α的表达及抗病毒活性比较

ω型干扰素(IFN-ω)与α型干扰素(IFN-α)同属于Ⅰ型干扰素,都具有抗病毒,抗增殖和免疫调节的功能,但它们之间的活性却存在较大差异.通过PCR扩增猫ω型干扰素基因(FeIFN-ω),根据GenBank公布的猫α型干扰素基因序列,合成猫α型干扰素基因(FeIFN-α).分别构建原核表达载体pET-His/FeIFN-α和pET-His/FeIFN-ω,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行表达.表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,复性后蛋白用细胞病变抑制法进行抗病毒活性测定.结果显示,重组猫ω型干扰素(FeIFN-ω)抗病毒活性明显高于重组猫α型干扰素(FeIFN-α),尤其对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),FeIFN-ω的活性是FeIFN-α的160倍,对犬瘟热病毒(CDV),FeIFN-ω的活性是FeIFN-α的4倍,而日本同类产品Intercat 对CDV和AIV均未表现活性.以上研究为以ω型干扰素为基础的抗病毒药物应用奠定了重要的理论基础.     

III 型干扰素的抗肿瘤作用*

Ⅲ型干扰素(IFNλs)是干扰素家族中最新的一组成员。他们的很多生物学活性与临床上应用广泛的IFNα/β十分相似,但是他们所结合的受体与IFNα/β迥异。Ⅲ型干扰素的毒副作用显著小于IFNα/β,且抗肿瘤作用明显。本文回顾了近年来对Ⅲ型干扰素抗肿瘤功能研究的最新进展。     

不同型别的基因工程干扰素抗病毒活性的比较

对大肠杆菌生产的不同型别的基因工程干扰素rIFN-α1(α1)、rIFN-αA(αA)、rIFN-β17ser(β17ser)和rIFN-γ(γ),以及自然人白细胞干扰素nIFN-αco,在不同细胞上对不同病毒的抗病毒活性做了比较研究。证明:①α1抗病毒作用的细胞谱较广,尤其在牛肾MDBK细胞和猪肾PK细胞上有很高的活性,分别为在人细胞上的29倍和7倍。β17ser和γ在异种细胞上活性极低,在鼠、猪和牛肾细胞上的活性为人细胞上的1～2％以下。②5种干扰素对麻疹、CoxB1、Sindbis、腺病毒7型和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒的抗病毒活性无明显差异。但不同病毒对干扰素的敏感性有明显差别,以Sindbis病毒为最敏感,7型腺病毒最不敏感。③5种干扰素对流行性出血热病毒均有明显的抗病毒作用,尤以人α1型和β干扰素作用最强,α1对出血热病毒的抗病毒活性是对滤泡性口膜炎病毒(VSV)的1/2.85,人β干扰素是对VSV的1/4.1。上述结果为人基因工程干扰素的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

从噬菌体抗体库中淘选血纤维蛋白特异的单链抗体

为构建小鼠噬菌体抗体库 ,以获得对人血纤维蛋白特异的抗体 ,由小鼠脾脏提取 m RNA,经反转录 PCR扩增出抗体重链、轻链可变区基因片段 ,将二者和一段编码十五肽 (Gly4 Ser) 3的 DNA接头借助重组 PCR组装成为单链抗体 (single- chain antibody,Sc Ab)基因 .将单链抗体基因插入噬菌体展示载体 p CANTAB- 5E,通过电击法转化大肠杆菌 TG1细胞 ,用辅助噬菌体 M1 3K0 7超感染 ,构建了库容量在 1 0 8以上的噬菌体单链抗体库 .利用亲和选择方法 (淘选 ) ,从噬菌体抗体库中选得血纤维蛋白特异的单链抗体 .模拟抗体成熟过程 ,用 DNA改组 (DNA shuffling)技术使抗体基因重新组合 ,构建新的改组抗体库 ,并从中选择到提高了亲和力的噬菌体单链抗体 .抗体基因在大肠杆菌中表达 ,表达蛋白经 Sephadex G- 75柱层析分离 ,得到初步纯化的单链抗体蛋白 .     

用噬菌体展示筛选Gal-α-1,3-Gal的模拟肽

猪心移植是解决心脏移植供体少的有效方法.由于猪心血管内皮细胞表面抗原半乳糖-α-1,3-半乳糖（Gal-α-1,3-Gal）,能与人体内预存的天然抗体结合产生超急性排斥反应（HAR）,而无法应用于临床.为了解决这一难题, 应用噬菌体展示技术,筛选出一个能与抗B型血单克隆抗体（mAB anti-B) 特异性结合的阳性噬菌体克隆,应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)和竞争性ELISA结果表明,所获得的阳性噬菌体克隆能特异性地与mAB anti-B结合,并且这种结合可被蜜二糖（具有Gal-α-1,6-Glc的结构)所竞争抑制.由此推测,筛选到的噬菌体阳性克隆很可能就结合在蜜二糖与mAB anti-B结合的位点.同时,进行了阳性噬菌体克隆的抑制猪红细胞凝集活性试验,试验结果表明,此阳性克隆不仅可抑制Gal-α-1,3-Gal与抗体的结合, 也可抑制Gal-α-1,3-Gal与西非单叶豆凝集素（GS-I-B4）的结合.此噬菌体阳性克隆测序后,得小肽序列为CCWLLRQPVRFVRSIRS.鉴于以上的结果,认为此小肽可以作为Gal-α-1,3-Gal的模拟肽,同时有望开发成抗猪器官异种移植超急性排斥反应的新药.     

高效广谱猪链球菌7型前噬菌体裂解酶的挖掘及活性研究

【目的】噬菌体具有防控耐药性病原菌的抗菌应用潜力,但是有些病原菌噬菌体的获得非常困难,研究发现大多数病原菌存在前噬菌体(prophage),且由前噬菌体编码的裂解酶(endolysin)具有良好的抗菌应用前景,本研究将挖掘猪链球菌前噬菌体及其编码的裂解酶。【方法】通过对GenBank中登录的数株猪链球菌前噬菌体裂解酶的基因信息分析,挖掘出一株猪链球菌7型菌株前噬菌体编码的裂解酶,研究其生物学活性。以猪链球菌7型菌株7917的基因组为模板,采用PCR技术扩增获得裂解酶基因ly7917,将其克隆至质粒pET28a(+)并转化大肠杆菌DH5α细胞,挑选基因序列正确的阳性克隆、抽提质粒、转化表达菌株大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导可高效表达裂解酶Ly7917。【结果】平板裂解试验结果显示Ly7917具有高效裂菌活性,能够裂解猪链球菌2型高致病力菌株HA9801;浊度递减试验结果显示该裂解酶能够高效裂解猪链球菌2型、7型、9型和马链球菌兽疫亚种参考株、金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)等多种革兰氏阳性菌。【结论】基于前噬菌体挖掘的裂解酶Ly7917,具有高效广谱裂菌活性,为临床上利用裂解酶治疗耐药菌的混合感染提供了可能。     

从混合的噬菌体抗体库中直接筛选高亲和性的抗肿瘤坏死因子-α人源单克隆抗体

采用噬菌体抗体库技术,从未经免疫的混合人噬菌体抗体库直接筛选抗ＴＮＦα的人源单克隆抗体,３种不同的检测手段表明,经过５轮的筛选,能够与ＴＮＦα结合的噬菌体抗体得到了有效的富集。对所获得的噬菌体抗体克隆进行的初步鉴定表明,７个噬菌体抗体克隆能有效地与人重组ＴＮＦα结合,并且这种结合具有特异性,由这７个噬菌体抗体克隆制备的抗体Ｆａｂ片段也能有效地与ＴＮＦα结合。由此,我们通过噬菌体抗体技术直接获得了ＴＮＦα的人源单克隆抗体,这为进一步制备具有临床应用前景的人源抗ＴＮＦα单克隆抗体打下了基础。     

Ⅰ型干扰素受体缺失小鼠体外受精实验研究

目的探索两种I型干扰素受体缺失对于小鼠体外受精的影响并对体外受精条件进行优化。方法对两种I型干扰素受体缺失小鼠(IFN-αR-/-、IFN-α/βR-/-)及背景野生型小鼠(C57BL/6)分别进行体外受精及胚胎移植,每组超排5只小鼠,3次重复,记录相关数据,分析干扰素受体缺失是否对小鼠体外受精存在影响。分别将两种I型干扰素受体缺失小鼠配子与C57BL/6小鼠配子进行体外受精杂交试验,每组5只小鼠,3次重复,探讨I型干扰素受体缺失对雌雄配子体外受精的影响。同时,优化体外受精条件,探索提高受精率技术方法,每组5只小鼠,三次重复。结果两种I型干扰素受体缺失小鼠平均体外受精率低于背景品系C57BL/6小鼠,组间差异具有显著性(P0. 05)。干扰素α受体缺失小鼠体外受精率高于干扰素α、β受体双缺失小鼠体外受精率,组间差异具有显著性(P0. 05)。两种I型干扰素受体缺失小鼠的精子与C57BL/6小鼠卵细胞体外受精率均高于其卵细胞与C57BL/6小鼠精子的体外受精率,组间差异具有显著性(P0. 05)。通过延长精子获能时间至1 h或在获能液及受精液中加入1 mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)能够提高体外体外受精率,相应组间差异具有显著性(P0. 05)。结论 I型干扰素受体缺失可能导致相应品系小鼠体外受精率降低,而且对卵细胞的影响较精子的影响更为显著,通过适当延长精子获能时间或改变获能及受精液成分,能够提高体外受精率。     

人α和γ干扰素联合应用的抗病毒协同作用

采用病毒产量减少试验,在A_(540)细胞上观察α和γ干扰素联合应用的抗病毒协同作用。结果表明:协同倍数为5-16倍;协同作用由干扰素本身的性质所决定,与其它成分无关;α干扰素不能促使γ干扰素加快透生抗病毒状态的建立;故认为协同作用的产生与两型干扰素的细胞受体不同以及抗病毒的生化途径不同有关。     

A new family, genus, and seven new species of Entodiniomorphida (Protozoa) from the gut of African rhinoceros

This report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) from southern Africa. A new genus, Rhinozeta, based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. The species described are R. rhinozeta n. sp., R. triciliata n. sp., R. caecalis n. sp., R. addoensis n. sp., R. cristata n. sp., R. multiplatus n. sp., and R. unilaminatus n. sp. The specific features of the new genus make it incompatible with any of the known families of the Order Entodiniomorphida containing the ciliates present in the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals. This merits the creation of a new family, the Rhinozetidae.     

A New Family, Genus, and Seven New Species of Entodiniomorphida (Protozoa) from the Gut of African Rhinoceros

ABSTRACT. This report deals with a group of ciliated protozoa with short ciliary bands found mainly in the cecum of black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), and white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817) from southern Africa. A new genus, Rhinozeta , based on the sum total of the characteristics of seven new related species is described. The species described are R. rhinozeta n. sp., R. triciliata n. sp., R. caecalis n. sp., R. addoensis n. sp., R. cristata n. sp., R. multiplatus n. sp., and R. unilaminatus n. sp. The specific features of the new genus make it incompatible with any of the known families of the Order Entodiniomorphida containing the ciliates present in the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals. This merits the creation of a new family, the Rhinozetidae.     

中国花翅跳小蜂属六新种(膜翅目 :跳小蜂科)(英文)

本文报道采自浙江、福建、广东、云南的跳小蜂六新种 ,即瘤毡蚧花翅跳小蜂MicroterysmetaceronemaeXu、露尾花翅跳小蜂MicroterysnuticaudatusXu、后缘花翅跳小蜂MicroteryspostmarginisXu、拟聂特花翅跳小蜂MicroteryspseudonietneriXu、匀色花翅跳小蜂MicroterysunicolorisXu、赵氏花翅跳小蜂MicroteryszhaoiXu。除露尾花翅跳小蜂MicroterysnuticaudatusXu ,sp .n .寄主尚不明确外 ,其余种类均为林木上各种介壳虫的寄生蜂。对新种进行了详细描述 ,并附特征图。标本存放浙江大学植物保护系。     

国产姜科植物的染色体计数(6)

<正> 本文继续对5属14种姜科植物作染色体计数观察,其中8种是染色体计数的新记录(表1,图版Ⅰ)。通过对偏穗姜(Plagiostachys austrosinensis T. L.Wu & Senjen)的根尖染色体观察,初步确定偏穗姜属(Plagiostachys)的染色体基数为12,并首次报道了阳荷(Zingiber striolatum Diels)的核型。     

Duplex formation of a nonionic oligo(deoxythymidylate) analogue (heptadeoxythymidylyl-(3'-5')-deoxythymidine heptaethyl ester (d-(Tp(Et))7T)) with poly(deoxyadenylate). Evaluation of the electrostatic interaction.

The heptaethyl ester of heptadeoxythymidylyl-(3'-5')-deoxythymidine (d-[Tp(Et)]7T or d-T8-Et) has been prepared by chemical methods. The material, consisting of a mixture of diastereoisomers, forms a 1:1 complex with (dA)n in neutral aqueous buffer; this interaction is virtually independent of ionic strength. The octamer triester does not bind to (dA)n-(dT)n, and it interacts with (rA)n only at low temperatures. By cochromatography with (dA)n on Sephadex G-50, d-T8-Et fractions with different binding affinities for the polyadenylates were obtained. This heterogeneity in binding affinity is ascribed to the diastereoisomerism of d-T8-Et. Enthalpies of dupoex formation were determined by the concentration variation method. At 0.1 M sodium ion concentration, the enthalpy of binding of the various d-T8-Et fractions to (dA)n is essentially invariant (-8.1 kcal/mol of base pairs at 0 degrees C to -8.6 kcal at 25 degrees C) and 1.6 kcal/mol of base pairs more negative than the enthalpy of binding of the phosphodiester analogue, d-(Tp)7T, to (dA)n (-6.8 kcal/mol of base pairs at 11 degrees C). This difference is the electrostatic contribution to the enthalpy of duplex formation, arising from the interstrand electrostatic repulsion and the intrastrand repulsion in d-(Tp)7T. The entropy of binding to (dA)n is more negative for the octamer triesters than for the diester analogue, and is different for the various d-T8-Et fractions. This is interpreted in terms of varying degrees of restriction of rotational freedom for the ethyl substituents upon double helix formation.     

On the length distribution of external branches in coalescence trees: genetic diversity within species

Let Z(n) denote the length of an external branch, chosen at random from a Kingman n-coalescent. Based on a recursion for the distribution of Z(n), we show that nZ(n) converges in distribution, as n tends to infinity, to a non-negative random variable Z with density x--> 8/(2+x)(3), x>or=0. This result facilitates the study of the time to the most recent common ancestor of a randomly chosen individual and its closest relative in a given population. This time span also reflects the maximum relatedness between a single individual and the rest of the population. Therefore, it measures the uniqueness of a random individual, a central characteristic of the genetic diversity of a population.     

Identification and genetic control of the n83 and n84 allotypes of rabbit IgM.

Two additional allotypes of rabbit IgM, n83 and n84, have been identified and characterized with antisera obtained by cross immunization of rabbits with IgM. These allotypic specificities were not detected on IgG or IgA by double diffusion in agar gel and by quantitative radioprecipitin analyses. This finding implies that the specificities reside in the CH region of the mu-chain. Most of the IgM (88%) from an n83 homozygote reacted with anti-n83 Ab and most of the IgM (79%) from the net n84 homozygote reacted with anti-n84 Ab. The IgG or IgA from n83 or n84 rabbits did not precipitate to a significant extent (less than 6%) with the anti-n83 or anti-n84 Ab, respectively. That the n83 and n84 specificities are controlled at the n locus was verified by genetic analysis. Thus, four alleles are now known at the n locus, n81, n82, n83 and n84. The n locus is closely linked to the other six defined loci in the heavy chain chromosomal region and the allelic alternatives for each of the seven loci are coinherited by gene combinations called allogroups. Ten such allogroups are now defined with respect to the allele at the n locus.     

Structure and dynamics of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon chains in lipid bilayers-significance for GPCR function

This review summarizes results of our recent solid-state NMR investigations on polyunsaturated 18:0-22:6n3-PC/PE/PS and 18:0-22:5n6-PC bilayers. Data on structure and dynamics of the polyunsaturated docosahexaenoyl (DHAn3, 22:6n3) and docosapentaenoyl chains (DPAn6, 22:5n6), investigated at physiological conditions, are reported. Lipid–protein interaction was studied on reconstituted bilayers containing the G-protein coupled membrane receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin as well as on rod outer segment (ROS) disk membranes prepared from bovine retinas. Results reveal surprisingly rapid conformational transitions of polyunsaturated chains and existence of weakly specific interactions of DHAn3 with spatially distinct sites on rhodopsin.     

Effect of estrogen and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin (TCDD) on plasma fatty acids of immature male chickens (Gallus domesticus)

This study investigated the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin (TCDD) and estrogen on plasma lipids in immature male chickens. Fatty acids were quantified in plasma collected on day 14 from chickens injected with either: Estrogen plus TCDD-1 mg estradiol cypionate /kg body wt. daily for 3 days and 50 microg TCDD/kg body wt. on day 4; Estrogen--1 mg estradiol cypionate/kg body wt. daily for 3 days and vehicle only on day 4; TCDD-vehicle only for 3 days and 50 microg TCDD/kg body wt. on day 4; or Vehicle--same volume of appropriate vehicle for 4 days. TCDD treatment alone increased the plasma concentrations of total triacylglycerides and of the specific fatty acids 14:0, 15:0, 18:0, 18:2n6, 18:3n3, 20:0, 20:1n9, 20:2n6, 20:3n6, 20:5n3 and 22:1n9, compared with vehicle treatment. The concentration of 22:6n3 was increased in all plasma lipid classes of the estrogen group compared with the vehicle group, but was not increased in the estrogen plus TCDD group. Overall, TCDD treatment alone increased plasma lipids, possibly as a result of decreased clearance or utilization; whereas estrogen plus TCDD treatment antagonized estrogen-induced increases in 22:6n3 but did not cause hyperlipidemia.