Evaluating the Impact of a Humane Education Summer-Camp Program on School-Aged Children's Relationships with Companion Animals

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the impact of children's participation in a five-day humane education summer-camp program on the quality of their relationships with and treatment of companion animals. We measured changes from pre- to post-program in 77 children (50 girls, 27 boys) aged 6–12 years. The program promoted positive interactions between children and animals in natural settings, with a focus on either companion animals or farm/forest animals. The Companion Animal Bonding Scale, the Pet Friendship Scale, the Comfort from Companion Animal Scale, the Children's Treatment of Animal Questionnaire, and a drawing task were administered to children prior to the beginning of the camp on day one and again at the end of day five. Overall, the results showed that after five days of humane education in summer camp, children reported sharing significantly closer bonds and friendships with their companion animals. These results were more pronounced for girls versus boys, among younger (aged 6 to 8 years) versus older (aged 9 to 12 years) children, and among children receiving the companion-animal versus farm/forest-animal curriculum. Older boys reported significantly lower scores on the humane treatment of their companion animals, compared with younger boys, and both older and younger girls. Comparisons by type of curriculum also suggested that the humane education curriculum that focused on farm/forest animals resonated more with the girls versus the boys. The implications for camp- and classroom- based humane education programs are discussed.     

高原训练中运动员腹泻发生状况及肠道菌群的变化

目的:通过实地调研考察高原训练中运动员腹泻发生率,并采集运动员粪便样品,研究高原训练过程中运动员肠道菌群变化。方法:赴多巴国家高原训练基地调研在训运动员胃肠道反应,统计腹泻发生率及发生的时间特点。分别在运动员进驻高原前和高原训练过程中采集粪便样品,进行粪便常规检测、提取全基因组DNA,质检合格样品采用高通量测序的手段进行微生物多样性分析。结果:1)高原训练期间运动员腹泻发生率为46.7%,所有腹泻案例持续时间均10天,其中74.1%持续时间5天。2)腹泻案例发生主要集中在两个时间段,分别是进入高原后的第1-3天(占总腹泻案例数的35.7%)及进入高原后的第7-10天(占总腹泻案例数的46.4%),至进入高原后的第12天不再有新增腹泻案例出现。3)运动员进驻高原前后微生物多样性无显著差异。4)相较与平原时,运动员肠道菌群拟杆菌门先上升后恢复,厚壁菌门先下降后恢复。结论:1)高原训练中运动员多发腹泻,腹泻案例呈现出两个爆发高峰。2)运动员进驻高原后肠道菌群结构发生改变,表现为拟杆菌门占比上升、厚壁菌门占比下降。随着微生物多样性分析技术的普及,针对性补充有益菌保障运动员平稳度过高原习服期,有助于降低高原训练期间腹泻发生率。     

Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Self-Concept in Adolescents With Special Educational Needs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between participation in a therapeutic riding program and improvement in self-concept. Using a One Group Pre and Post Test design, the Piers Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was administered to 29 adolescents identified by the school system as having special educational needs. These students participated in a therapeutic riding program. The mean percentage score of those participants who had no previous riding experience was not statistically significant; however, there was an increase. A t-value of 2.17 (df=22) was obtained on the two-tailed paired t-test conducted on the Behavior Cluster scores. This was statistically significant at the .05 level. Also, there was a positive correlation between younger students and improvement in self-concept scores. Furthermore, those participants who had previous therapeutic riding experience started with a mean score of 80%, as compared with 52% for those with no previous experience.     

针灸联合多奈哌齐和美金刚对重度老年痴呆患者行为能力和认知功能的影响

目的:研究针灸联合多奈哌齐和美金刚对重度老年痴呆患者行为能力和认知功能的影响。方法:选择2015年1月～2018年12月在我院精神科进行诊治的50例重度老年痴呆患者,采用随机数字表法将其平均分为两组,每组25例。对照组患者口服多奈哌齐以及美金刚治疗,初始给药剂量均为每天口服5 mg,逐渐将给药剂量升高至每天口服20 mg,每次1片,每天2次。观察组患者采取针灸联合多奈哌齐和美金刚治疗,每天针灸治疗1次,每治疗6 d后休息1 d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。记录和比较两组患者治疗前后的日常生活能力与认知功能的变化情况。结果:观察组患者治疗4w后的治疗有效率为92.00%(23/25),明显高于对照组[68.00%(17/25)](P0.05);两组治疗4w后的MMSE和BI评分均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:针灸联合多奈哌齐和美金刚对重度老年痴呆患者的治疗效果明显优于单纯使用多奈哌齐和美金刚治疗,其可更有效改善患者的行为能力和认知功能。     

Changes in immune functions during a peaking period in male university soccer players

The concept of peaking ensures that athletes have trained to attain their absolute peak performance levels prior to a competition. This study investigates the effects of peaking on the functions of neutrophils and lymphocytes in university soccer players during a five‐day soccer training camp followed by two weeks of tapering. The study subjects were 22 soccer players who were members of a university soccer club. We carried out our investigation during a five‐day training camp and two weeks after the training camp (i.e. the tapering period). We measured body composition, immune‐related parameters (leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, immunoglobulins and complements), myogenic enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and neutrophil functions [reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic activity, serum opsonic activity and lymphocyte subtypes]. Leukocyte and neutrophil counts tend to increase after the training camp compared with values before the training camp, and recovered during the conditioning period, although the final values were still lower than those before the training camp. The amount of ROS production per neutrophil and level of SOD decreased significantly during the conditioning period compared with before the training camp (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Levels of Th1 cells decreased significantly during the conditioning period compared with the training camp (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the period of two weeks for the tapering period was considered insufficient to allow the athletes’ immune function to recover completely after an intensive training camp. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Case studies of adults receiving horse-riding therapy

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychotherapeutic effect of riding therapy (RT) on a group of adult users of a social services mental health team in South Devon. The benefits of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and pet ownership on human health and well-being are well documented. However, whilst research has been conducted on the benefits of hippotherapy (the employment of horse riding as a physiotherapeutic aid) little has been undertaken on the psychotherapeutic benefits of riding therapy. Through case studies, the current study sought to explore whether the participants benefited in terms of confidence, increased self-esteem and social/interaction skills. A further objective was to find out whether these benefits, if identified, were transferable to other areas of the riders' lives. The study was conducted utilizing a case study, participant observational methodology following the progress of six women with various mental health problems receiving RT on a weekly basis. The sessions comprised of learning to look after the horses and carrying out stable management tasks, in addition to the riding; the chief instructor was aware that an important factor of the RT was building up a relationship and trust with the horses on the ground. Methods employed to record the sessions, apart from participant observation, included interviews and questionnaires. The prime objective of the study was for the riders' experience of the therapy to be expressed in their own words. It was found that the participants benefited in areas ranging from increased confidence and self-concept, and that the therapy aided social stimulation and led to transferable skills being acquired.     

无创正压通气治疗重症社区获得性肺炎临床疗效和预后影响

摘要 目的：考察无创正压机械通气(noninvasive positive-presure ventilation,NIPPV)对重症社区获得性肺炎(Severe community acquired Pneumonia,SCAP)的治疗效果和预后的影响。方法：以2018年7月-2020年2月我院收治的80例SCAP患者为研究对象,采用随机数字法分为无创组和常规组,各40例。两组患者均在在入院后均接受常规治疗,无创组在常规治疗的基础上进行NIPPV治疗。详细记录患者治疗前和治疗后1 h、24 h的体温、呼吸、血压、心率、血二氧化碳分压(arterial partial pressure of CO₂,PaCO₂)、氧合指数(PaO₂/FIO₂)、气管插管率、病死率、ICU住院天数,对患者入院的第1、3、7 d的血清可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(soluble urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor,suPAR)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的水平进行检测。结果：治疗后1 h和24 h,无创组患者呼吸、心率、PaCO₂、PaO₂/FIO₂和PH均显著的改善（P＜0.05）,显示NIPPV可明显改善患者肺部气体交换,减慢呼吸频率、提高氧和指数,降低二氧化碳分压;第1 d两组患者的PCT、CRP和suPAR的水平无明显差异（P＞0.05）,相对于第1 d,两组患者第3 d和第7 d的PCT、CRP和suPAR水平均明显的降低（P＜0.05）;相对于常规组,第3 d和第7 d无创组患者的PCT、CRP和suPAR水平有显著的降低（P＜0.05）;与常规组相比,无创组患者的插管率、ICU住院天数和死亡率统计学上无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但均有一定程度上的降低。结论：NIPPV能显著改善SCAP患者的呼气情况,降低血清PCT、CRP和suPAR水平,对降低气管插管率、缩短ICU住院天数,降低患者死亡率有一定的效果。     

不同anti-VEGF药物联合玻璃体切除术治疗增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变效果及对视力水平的影响

摘要 目的：研究不同anti-VEGF药物联合玻璃体切除术治疗增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）效果及对视力水平的影响。方法：随机将2016年4月～2022年6月甘肃省人民医院收治的268例PDR患者分为雷珠单抗组（88例）、康柏西普组（90例）和阿柏西普组（90例）,雷珠单抗组行雷珠单抗注射联合玻璃体切除术,康柏西普组行康柏西普注射联合玻璃体切除术,阿柏西普组行阿柏西普联合玻璃体切除术,观察三组患者的临床治疗效果,并检测其术前、术后7 d和28 d后的血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和促红细胞生长素（EPO）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、黄斑中心凹厚度（CMT）和眼压。结果：三组治疗总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。康柏西普组、阿柏西普组治疗7 d后VEGF、EPO水平明显低于雷珠单抗组（P＜0.05）。康柏西普组、雷珠单抗组治疗7 d后BCVA水平明显低于阿柏西普组;康柏西普组、阿柏西普组治疗7 d后CMT水平低于雷珠单抗组（P＜0.05）。三组治疗前、治疗7 d后、治疗28 d后眼压比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：雷珠单抗、康柏西普、阿柏西普联合玻璃体切除术在PDR治疗中均具有较为显著的治疗效果,但康柏西普和阿柏西普在减少黄斑厚度方面效果更为显著,而雷珠单抗与康柏西普在改善视力方面效果更明显。     

The effect of rider weight and additional weight in Icelandic horses in tölt: part I. Physiological responses

This study examined the effect of increasing BW ratio (BWR) between rider and horse, in the BWR range common for Icelandic horses (20% to 35%), on heart rate (HR), plasma lactate concentration (Lac), BWR at Lac 4 mmol/l (W₄), breathing frequency (BF), rectal temperature (RT) and hematocrit (Hct) in Icelandic horses. In total, eight experienced school-horses were used in an incremental exercise test performed outdoors on an oval riding track and one rider rode all horses. The exercise test consisted of five phases (each 642 m) in tölt, a four-beat symmetrical gait, at a speed of 5.4±0.1 m/s (mean±SD), where BWR between rider (including saddle) and horse started at 20% (BWR₂₀), was increased to 25% (BWR₂₅), 30% (BWR₃₀), and 35% (BWR₃₅) and finally decreased to 20% (BWR_20b). Between phases, the horses were stopped (~5.5 min) to add lead weights to specially adjusted saddle bags and a vest on the rider. Heart rate was measured during warm-up, the exercise test and after 5, 15 and 30 min of recovery and blood samples were taken and BF recorded at rest, and at end of each of these aforementioned occasions. Rectal temperature was measured at rest, at end of the exercise test and after a 30-min recovery period. Body size and body condition score (BCS) were registered and a clinical examination performed on the day before the test and for 2 days after. Heart rate and BF increased linearly (P<0.05) and Lac exponentially (P<0.05) with increasing BWR. The W₄ was 22.7±4.3% (individual range 17.0% to 27.5%). There was a positive correlation between back BCS and W₄ (r=0.75; P=0.032), but no other correlations between body measurements and W₄ were found. Hematocrit was not affected by BWR (P>0.05), but negative correlations (P<0.05) existed between body size measurements and Hct. While HR, Hct and BF recovered to values at rest within 30 min, Lac and RT did not. All horses had no clinical remarks on palpation and at walk 1 and 2 days after the test. In conclusion, increasing BWR from 20% to 35% resulted in increased HR, Lac, RT and BF responses in the test group of experienced adult Icelandic riding horses. The horses mainly worked aerobically until BWR reached 22.7%, but considerable individual differences (17.0% to 27.5%) existed that were not linked to horse size, but to back BCS.     

Obviation of dyslipidemia by garlic oil and its organosulfur compound,diallyl disulphide,in experimental animals

Background and objectivesGarlic and its number of preparations are known to be effective for treatment of dyslipidemia, but the data about the specific active constituents of the garlic on the possible therapeutic value is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the role of garlic oil (GO) and its active element, diallyl disulphide (DADS) for obviating dyslipidemia in animal model.MethodsHigh fat diet (HFD) was given to animals to induce dyslipidemia. Animals of HFD groups were fed with atherogenic diet for 15 days prior to treatment. Animals in their respective groups received vehicle, GO (50 and 100 mg/kg), and DADS (4.47 and 8.94 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. Lipid profiles were estimated in serum, oxidant/antioxidant and liver profile were measured in liver tissue homogenate (LTH).ResultsAnimals fed on HFD developed significant increase in the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) that reduced significantly in groups that received GO and DADS treatments. Additionally, significant elevation in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was observed in animals that received GO and DADS. Moreover, hepatic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transferase (ALT), that were abnormally altered by high fat diet, were significantly restored to almost normal values with GO and DADS treatments. Also, antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total thiol (SH) levels in LTH were increased significantly in GO and DADS treated groups. When compared to DADS, GO showed better therapeutic effectiveness in terms of antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties.ConclusionIn hyperlipidemic rats, garlic and its principal active component, diallyl disulphide, were effective in avoiding dyslipidemia and neutralizing reactive free radicals induced by a high fat diet. It's an intriguing observation that GO has a larger therapeutic influence than its active constituent, DADS. These findings suggest that other constituents, in addition to GO's DADS, are involved in the compound's synergistic antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities.     

Three-dimensional analysis of horse and human gaits in therapeutic riding

Therapeutic horse riding or hippotherapy is used as an intervention for treating individuals with mental and physical disabilities. Equine-assisted interventions are based on the hypothesis that the movement of the horse's pelvis during horseback riding resembles human ambulation, and thus provides motor and sensory inputs similar to those received during human walking. However, this hypothesis has not been investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis by conducting a three-dimensional analysis of the horse's movements while walking and human ambulation. Using four sets of equipments, we analysed the acceleration patterns of walking in 50 healthy humans and 11 horses. In addition, we analysed the exercise intensity by comparing the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure of 127 healthy individuals before and after walking and horse riding. The acceleration data series of the stride phase of horse walking were compared with those of human walking, and the frequencies (in Hz) were analysed by Fast Fourier transform.The acceleration curves of human walking overlapped with those of horse walking, with the frequency band of human walking corresponding with that of horse walking. Exercise intensity, as measured by the heart rate and breathing rate, was not significantly different between horse riding and human walking. The levels of diastolic blood pressure were slightly higher during horse riding than during walking, but were lower during both conditions compared with those in normal conditions (P < 0.01). The present study shows that, although not completely matched, the accelerations of the horse and human walking are comparable quantitatively and qualitatively. Horse riding at a walking gait could generate motor and sensory inputs similar to those produced by human walking, and thus could provide optimum benefits to persons with ambulatory difficulties.     

Vertical forces on the horse's back in sitting and rising trot

In equestrian sports, it is generally assumed that rising and sitting trot load the horse's back differently. The objective of this study was to quantify the load on the horse's back in these riding techniques. Kinematic data of 13 riders were collected in rising and sitting trot. The time-history of the position of the rider's centre of mass (CoM) was calculated, and differentiated twice to obtain the acceleration of the CoM. The reaction force between the rider and the horse's back was calculated from the acceleration. Forces were divided by the body weight of the rider to obtain dimensionless forces. As expected, the computed average vertical force did not differ between riding techniques and was not significantly different from the body weight of the riders. At trot, two force peaks were present during one stride cycle. Both peaks in rising trot were significantly lower compared to sitting trot (peak 1: 2.54±0.30 versus 2.92±0.29; p<0.001; peak 2: 1.95±0.34 versus 3.03±0.32; p<0.001). This supports the general assumption that rising trot is less demanding for the horse than sitting trot.     

Building‐Site Camps and Extended Work Hours: A Two‐Week Monitoring of Self‐Reported Physical Exertion,Fatigue, and Daytime Sleepiness

Large‐scale construction work often requires people to work longer daily hours and more than the ordinary five days in a row. In order to minimize transportation times and optimize the use of personnel, workers are sometimes asked to live in temporary building‐site camps in the proximity of the work site. However, little is known about the biological and psychological effects of this experience. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether exposure to long work hours and extended workweeks while living in building‐site camps in between work shifts was associated with a build‐up of increased complaints of poor sleep, daytime sleepiness, physical exertion, and fatigue across a two‐week work cycle. Two groups of construction workers were examined. The camp group of 13 participants (mean age: 42±11 S.D. yrs) lived in building‐site camps and worked extended hours (between 07:00 and 18:00 h) and extended workweeks (six days in a row, one day off, five days in a row, nine days off). The home group of 16 participants (mean age 40±9 yrs) worked ordinary hours between 07:00 and 15:00 h and returned home after each workday. Self‐ratings of daytime sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), physical exertion (Borg CR‐10), and mood were obtained six or seven times daily during two workweeks. Fatigue ratings were obtained once daily in the evening, and ratings of sleep disturbances were obtained once daily in the morning with the Karolinska Sleep Diary. Data were evaluated in a repeated measures design. The results showed that both groups reported a similar level of daytime sleepiness, physical exertion, and mood across workdays and time points within a workday (all three‐way interactions had p>0.898). Although the home group reported earlier wake‐up times, the pattern of sleep disturbance ratings across the workdays did not differ between the groups. Both groups reported few sleep disturbances and good mood. However, the camp group reported higher physical exertion already at the start of work and showed a more gentle increase in ratings during the work shift and a smaller decline between the end of work and bedtime. The camp group also reported higher fatigue scores than the home group. However, none of the groups showed signs of increasing ratings in the progress of the two workweeks. For both groups, the ratings of daytime sleepiness formed a U‐shaped pattern, with the highest scores at awakening and at bedtime. Yet, the camp group reported higher daytime sleepiness than the home group at lunch break and at the second break in the afternoon. In conclusion, there were no signs of fatigue build‐up or accumulation of daytime sleepiness, physical exertion, or sleep disturbances in either group. Despite the fact that the camp group showed some signs of having trouble in recuperating in between work shifts, as indicated by the higher physical exertion ratings at the start of work, higher fatigue scores, and higher daytime sleepiness, the results constitute no real foundation for altering the camp group's current work schedule and living arrangements.     

Human‐horse sensory engagement through horse archery

The Mongol horse stems from ancient stock, similar to the first horses ridden on the Central Asian grassland steppe. Mongol horses subsequently migrated with their human counterparts throughout Eurasia, as far to the east as Japan. During archery festivals in Japan, horses gallop along a narrow runway within a temple complex in the heavily populated city of Kyoto. In Mongolia, with the recent re‐emergence of the ancient practice, horse and rider still gallop across the expansive grassland steppe. The euphoria one feels in riding fast on horseback with the wind against one's face can be symbolised by the concept of khii mor’ in Mongolia, which is connected with the vitality between human and horse in the practice of horse archery. Through sensory ethnography, in combination with multi‐species ethnography, this article explores embodiment between horse and rider in two quite different socio‐ecological contexts.     

早期灌喂母源粪菌对新生仔猪肠道菌群发育的影响

【目的】粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)作为一种治疗手段,已在人类肠道疾病治疗中有较多应用,但在干预新生仔猪肠道菌群上的研究未见报道。本文旨在研究早期母源粪菌移植对新生仔猪肠道菌群发育的影响。【方法】选取一窝12头杜长大新生仔猪,随机分为粪菌处理组(feces treatment,FT)和对照组(control,CO)。FT组仔猪出生后1–5 d每日灌注母源粪菌接种液,CO组灌注等量生理盐水。于1、3、5、7、10、14、18和22日龄采集仔猪粪样,Miseq高通量测序分析仔猪粪便菌群。【结果】灌喂母源粪菌有增加仔猪肠道菌群丰富度的趋势;主坐标分析显示,两组仔猪粪样菌群结构簇并未分开,并在18和22日龄时靠近母猪粪样菌群结构簇;随日龄增加,两组仔猪肠道中的变形菌门丰度均显著降低,而厚壁菌门的丰度显著增加,且从10日龄起拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门之和约为90%;与对照组相比,灌喂母源粪菌增加了10日龄时Escherichia-Shigella的丰度,而降低了18日龄时该菌属的丰富度,18日龄时肠球菌属和普氏菌属的丰度则显著增加。【结论】1–3日龄口服灌喂母源粪菌液并不能影响仔猪肠道菌群的定殖,这一阶段主要受母体微生物结构的影响;灌喂粪菌液对仔猪肠道菌群定殖的影响最多持续10–14 d;而且仔猪在22 d左右,肠道菌群结构逐渐趋同于母猪肠道菌群。     

Rhythmic cortisol secretion in the equine: Analysis and physiological mechanisms

Abstract

Four Thoroughbred mares (no. 1–4) were maintained under constant temperature (24°C) and controlled light (L/D:12/12 with lights on at 06.00 hr) conditions. They were fed and watered ad libitum with fresh feed and water given at 09.00 hr. After a 45‐day pre‐conditioning period, blood samples were obtained by veinipuncture at 4‐hr intervals for 14 days to determine circadian and day‐to‐day variation. The horses exhibited a circadian rhythm with maximum values attained at about 12.00 hr, however, there are periods of days in which no rhythm is distinguishable. Ultradian rhythms with mean periods of 105 to 128 and 24 to 31 min are superimposed upon the circadian rhythm. The individual rhythms are quite variable from horse to horse and within the same horse. During periods of decline in plasma cortisol with metabolic half‐lives of approximately 70 min, secretion of cortisol was very low or had ceased. During periods of increasing plasma concentration, secretion was occurring at a faster rate than degradation. Rapid decreases in plasma concentration (metabolic half‐life of approximately 30 min) was accompanied by a rise in specific activity indicating cortisol with a high specific activity was entering the plasma pool from other storage pools.     

局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿患者的临床疗效。方法:选择我院收治的外伤性脑内血肿患者89例,均给予血肿清除术治疗,其中47例接受血肿清除术联合局部亚低温治疗,评价和比较两组治疗后的临床疗效,术前及术后1天、1周、2周的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和血肿体积。结果:治疗组有效率为93.6%,明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组术后1天、1周、2周的NIHSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),血肿大小明显小于对照组(P0.05)。结论:局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿能有效减轻患者脑部损害,提高患者神经功能。     

Horse reactions to human attitudes and behavior

Abstract

To assess the effects of human confidence levels on horse behavior, 40 veterinary students led the same mare around a fixed course. Multivariate analysis of human attitudes and behavior and horse behavior showed that a positive attitude towards horses related to infrequent ear movement in that horse (accounting for 46% of variance); positive attitude, together with low lead tension, related to a horse's forward ear position (47%); loose lead tension related to both a horse's low resistance (66%) and low head position (11%). Human attitudes towards at least one horse is shown to be associated with changes in human behavior, which leads to altered behavior in that horse.     

天麻素耳迷根穴位注射联合注射用鼠神经生长因子治疗耳鸣的疗效研究

目的:研究天麻素耳迷根穴位注射联合注射用鼠神经生长因子治疗耳鸣的临床效果及对患者血液流变学和临床症状体征的影响。方法:选择2017年2月～2018年2月我院收治的156例耳鸣患者,随机分为两组。对照组肌肉注射鼠神经生长因子,每次20μg,每天1次;观察组联合耳迷根穴位注射天麻素,每次2 m L,每天1次。两组均治疗4周后,比较两组的治疗有效率,治疗前后的血液流变学指标以及耳鸣对睡眠的影响、发生环境、持续时间、对情绪的影响、对生活和工作的影响以及患者的主观感觉等临床症状体征评分。结果:治疗后,观察组的治疗有效率为89.74%,显高于对照组(71.79%,P0.05)。两组治疗后的全血黏度低切、血细胞比容、全血黏度高切及血浆黏度均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后耳鸣对睡眠的影响、发生环境、持续时间、对情绪的影响、对生活和工作的影响以及患者的主观感觉等临床症状体征评分均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:天麻素耳迷根穴位注射联合注射用鼠神经生长因子可以提高耳鸣患者的治疗效果,有效改善患者的血液流变学和临床症状。