社区院前急救病例特点

社区门诊就诊人群中急症患者并不少见,社区急救是院前急救的重要组成部分和必要延伸.了解社区急救病例的特点,对提高社区院前急救水平有重要指导意义.现将我院社区门诊中院前急救病例特点分析如下.     

急性心肌梗死患者的院前急救护理

急性心肌梗死（AMI）是心血管疾病致死的主要原因之一。及时、有效的急救及护理是减少死亡率、赢得进一步治疗的关键。我院2006年1月~2010年1月院前急救急性心肌梗死患者72例,取得满意效果,现将护理体会报告如下。     

急性一氧化碳中毒患者院前急救分析

急诊流行病学研究显示,中毒是院前急救领域最常见的疾病谱之一,而急性一氧化碳（CO）中毒又位居各类中毒前茅,因此,总结、探讨急性一氧化碳中毒的院前救治非常必要。柳州市120急救指挥中心下辖的柳州市工人医院、市人民医院两大急救分站,     

急性左心衰竭46例院前急救及护理

急性左心衰竭是院前急救常见急症之一,该病起病急,发展迅速,病死率高,如能及时发现并采取有效的院前急救措施,预后良好。我中心2010年1月～2011年3月对46例急性左心衰竭患者进行院前急救及护理,取得较好效果,现报告如下。     

急性心肌梗死的院前急救和护理体会

急性心肌梗死 (AMI)是冠心病中死亡率最高的急症 ,且并发症多。在美国每年有 90万人患急性心肌梗死 ,大约 2 2 .5万人死亡 ,其中包括 1 2 .5万人在未获得医治之前死于“现场”。早期治疗不及时 ,会给病人、家庭和社会带来严重危害。因此 ,入院前及时正确处理是关键 ,时间是抢救的前提。我科自 2 0 0 1年 1 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月共抢救急性心肌梗死病人 1 0 9例 ,抢救成功 1 0 6例 (97.2 % ) ,死亡 3例 (2 .8% ,其中有 1例是安装人工起搏器后 )。现就其抢救护理方面谈几点体会。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　本组病人 1 0 9例 ,男 83例 ,女 2…     

31例急性左心衰竭的院前急救体会

急性左心衰竭是各级医院急诊科和院前急救中经常遇到的急危重症 ,其发生率和病死率均较高。如果院前急救以及急诊室早期处理得当 ,可降低死亡率。 1 998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 0月我科共有31例急性左心衰竭的患者进行院前急救 ,其中 2 9例经院前急救和急诊科抢救 ,病情好转后转入心内科治疗。现将体会报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 31例患者中 ,男 1 2例 ,女 1 9例 ,年龄 37～ 86岁 ,平均 68.6岁。原发病为冠心病 9例 ,高血压病和高心病 1 2例 ,风湿性心脏病 3例 ,其他 7例 ,既往有急性左心衰竭发作史者 1 6例。临床表现 :胸闷、心…     

NT-proBNP与急性冠脉综合征患者冠脉病变程度及预后的关系

目的:探讨N末端脑钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者冠脉病变程度及预后的关系。方法:选择2012年1月至2015年6月我院收治的ACS患者400例为研究对象,根据病情症状的不同将患者分为不稳定心绞痛(UA)组和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组,各200例,另选同期200例非ACS患者作为对照组,比较各组患者的NT-pro BNP水平及ACS患者的心功能情况,并比较ACS患者的冠脉造影结果,通过Syntax评分系统评价冠脉病变,随访6-12个月,对比各组患者的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率,通过上述比较及分析,研究ACS患者NT-pro BNP与冠脉病变程度及预后的关系。结果:AMI组及UA组患者的NT-pro BNP水平明显高于对照组,且AMI组患者的NT-pro BNP水平明显高于UA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);AMI组患者的冠脉病变Syntax积分高于UA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);冠脉病变Syntax积分≥33分的ACS患者的NT-pro BNP水平高于Syntax积分0-22分的患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);同时双支病变和三支病变患者的Syntax积分及NT-pro BNP水平高于单支病变患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随访6-12个月发生MACE患者的NT-pro BNP水平明显高于未发生MACE者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,患者的冠脉病变程度与NT-pro BNP及Syntas积分均呈正相关(r=0.667,0.842;P0.05)。患者随访6-12个月MACE发生率与NT-pro BNP及Syntas积分也呈正相关(r=0.708,0.821;P0.05)。结论:ACS患者的冠脉病变程度及预后与其NT-pro BNP水平具有较好的相关性,值得临床关注。     

急性脑出血患者的院前急救与护理干预探讨

目的 探讨急性脑出血患者的院前急救与护理的意义及重要性.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月～2013年1月我院急诊出诊救治的127例急性脑出血患者的临床资料.结果 127例患者中,5例到达时已临床死亡,3例途中抢救无效死亡,7例有脑出血后遗症,112例康复出院.结论 识别脑出血早期症状,并采取早期护理干预及加强急救环节的紧密衔接是急性脑出血急救成功的关键.     

抗HP治疗对急性冠脉综合征合并HP感染患者血清炎性标记物及再发心肌缺血事件的影响

目的:探讨抗幽门螺杆菌(HP)治疗对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并HP感染患者炎性标记物及再发心肌缺血事件的影响。方法:选取2016年10月到2018年10月期间我院收治的ACS患者90例,随机分为对照组(n=45,常规治疗)和观察组(n=45,常规治疗+抗HP治疗)。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较HP根除率、血清炎性标记物[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)]水平,记录再发心肌缺血事件和不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组的总有效率和HP根除率均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者经治疗后血清CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1水平均较治疗前有所改善(P0.05),且观察组的改善效果优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者再发心肌缺血事件的总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者的不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:ACS合并HP感染患者采取抗HP治疗可更好地缓解患者体内的炎症反应,降低再发心肌缺血事件发生率的同时还不会增加不良反应发生风险。     

雾霾天气老年人发病特点及防治

近来,连日的雾霾天气袭击我国南方大部分地区,导致抵抗力弱的老年人出现咽喉发痒、咳嗽、鼻塞、呼吸困难等呼吸系统疾病症状,患心血管疾病的老年人数量也在激增。我院急诊科2012年12月1日～2013年2月28日共诊治在雾霾天气晨练突然发病的老年患者20例,比往年同时期增加了20%。因此,在遇到雾霾天气时老年人要采取自我保健措     

Ambient temperature and emergency room admissions for acute coronary syndrome in Taiwan

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important public health problem around the world. Since there is a considerable seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of ACS, climatic temperature may have an impact on the onset of this disease. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the average daily temperature, diurnal temperature range and emergency room (ER) admissions for ACS in an ER in Taichung City, Taiwan. A longitudinal study was conducted which assessed the correlation of the average daily temperature and the diurnal temperature range to ACS admissions to the ER of the city’s largest hospital. Daily ER admissions for ACS and ambient temperature were collected from 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2003. The Poisson regression model was used in the analysis after adjusting for the effects of holiday, season, and air pollutant concentrations. The results showed that there was a negative significant association between the average daily temperature and ER admissions for ACS. ACS admissions to the ER increased 30% to 70% when the average daily temperature was lower than 26.2°C. A positive association between the diurnal temperature range and ACS admissions was also noted. ACS admissions increased 15% when the diurnal temperature range was over 8.3°C. The data indicate that patients suffering from cardiovascular disease must be made aware of the increased risk posed by lower temperatures and larger changes in temperature. Hospitals and ERs should take into account the increased demand of specific facilities during colder weather and wider temperature variations.     

Adoption of prasugrel into routine practice: rationale and design of the Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) study in percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes

Background

Platelet inhibition is crucial in reducing both short- and long-term atherothrombotic risks in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on randomised trials, recent recommendations in the current guidelines include the endorsement of prasugrel as a first-choice adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor. Yet, there is limited experience with the use of prasugrel in routine practice.

Methods

The Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) registry is a prospective, observational study that will follow-up 4000 PCI-treated ACS patients in the larger region of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Based on recently implemented hospital protocols, all patients will receive prasugrel as first-choice antiplatelet agent, unless contraindicated, in accordance with European guidelines, and will be followed for up to 1 year post-discharge for longitudinal assessment of outcomes and bleeding events. This registry exemplifies a collaborative study design that employs a regional PCI registry platform and provides feedback to participating sites regarding their practice patterns, thereby supporting and promoting improvement of quality of care.

Conclusion

The CCR registry will evaluate the adoption of prasugrel into routine clinical practice and thus, will provide important evidence with regard to the benefits and risks of real-world utilisation of prasugrel as antiplatelet therapy in PCI-treated ACS patients.     

血清白细胞介素-18、氧化低密度脂蛋白与急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后支架内再狭窄的关系

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)与急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄的关系。方法:75例急性心梗急诊介入术后8～12个月内接受冠状动脉造影复查,其中9例有再狭窄作为再狭窄组,66例无再狭窄作为对照组。2组术后均接受阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、他汀类等药物治疗。取2组患者PCI术前、术后冠状动脉造影复查时血清标本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(EL ISA)检测血清IL-18、ox-LDL水平。结果:①再狭窄组PCI术后IL-18、ox-LDL水平较术前均明显升高[(2.37±0.22):(0.85±0.19)mg/L、(6.99±0.98):(2.38±1.06)mg/L],均P<0.01;对照组PCI后IL-18、ox-LDL水平较术前明显下降[(0.48±0.11):(1.23±0.09)mg/L、(1.39±0.54):(4.45±0.87)mg/L],P<0.05。②再狭窄组和对照组PCI术前IL-18、ox-LDL水平差异无统计学意义,再狭窄组PCI术后IL-18、ox-LDL水平显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。④再狭窄组和对照组术前、术后IL-18和o...     

The relationship between trace elements and cardiac markers in acute coronary syndromes

Previous studies have demonstrated increased serum copper and iron levels and decreased selenium and zinc levels in patients with myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the levels of trace elements in myocardial infarction has been stressed. We examined serum levels of Cu, Fe, Zn and Se, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a selenoenzyme with antioxidant properties, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) regarding their relationship to cardiac troponins and creatine kinase-MB mass (CK-MBm), important prognostic markers. Serum trace elements, GPx activity and CRP were determined in 70 patients with ACS who were admitted within 12 h after the onset. Differences in these parameters were evaluated in three groups of patients divided according to the levels of cardiac markers: group III consisted of patients with high increases in cTnT, cTnI and CK-MBm (> or =0.9 ng/mL, > or =1.0 ng/mL, > or =30 ng/mL, respectively), patients with milder increases in these markers were included in groups II and I consisted of patients with values just above the upper reference limits. Serum Fe levels increased significantly in group II and even more prominently in group III compared to group I (p = 0.04, 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups II and III. The increase in serum Cu was significant in group III compared to both groups II and I (p = 0.04, 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups I and II regarding Cu and Zn. The decrease in serum Se and GPx levels was significant only between groups III and I (p = 0.004 for Se and p = 0.0001 for GPx). CRP levels showed a significant increase in group III compared to groups II and I (p = 0.03 and 0.001). CRP showed a significant positive and GPx a significant negative correlation to the cardiac markers cTnT, cTnI and CK-MBm. Cu was positively correlated to all cardiac markers, while the positive correlation between Fe and cardiac markers was significant only for cTnI. Both Zn and Se were negatively correlated to cTnT, and Se was also to cTnI. In conclusion, the increase in serum levels of Cu and Fe and the decrease in serum levels of Zn and Se in patients with higher levels of troponins and CK-MBm imply that trace element levels are related to the degree of myocardial damage and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. The strong correlations between cardiac markers and both CRP and GPx suggest that these parameters are promising prognostic factors in acute coronary syndromes.     

Levels of zinc and lipid peroxidation in acute coronary syndrome

The present study was carried out on 20 female patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The control group was composed of 20 healthy female volunteers. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and serum zinc (Zn), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol, Lp(a), Apo-A₁, and Apo-B were determined in all patients and controls. Plasma MDA levels were determined to be significantly high in patients with ACS compared to the controls (1.75±0.27 vs 0.8±0.43 nmol/mL; p<0.05). On the other hand, Zn levels in patients with ACS were determined to be significantly low compared to the control group (67.9±14.8 vs 101.8±22.4 mg/dL; p<0.05). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between MDA and Zn levels in patients with ACS (r=−0.678, p<0.05). Other lipid parameters were significantly altered in patients with ACS compared to the controls (p<0.05). In conclusion, Zn and lipid peroxidation levels are important in patients with ACS and they must be monitored during diagnosis and treatment of these patients.     

不同剂量普伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合症血脂及vWF因子的影响

目的：探讨不同剂量普伐他汀对早期急性冠状动脉综合症患者血脂及血浆vWF水平的影响。方法：将120例冠状动脉综合症患者随机分为：常规治疗组（30例）和普伐他汀治疗组（90例）。常规治疗组采用阿司匹林、硝酸酯类、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等,普伐他汀治疗组是在常规治疗基础上加用普伐他汀,按照普伐他汀的剂量又分为：10mg/d、20mg/d和40mg/d三组,持续用药4周。检测治疗前后患者的hs-CRP、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG与vWF等因子水平的变化。选取30例健康人作为对照组。结果：与正常组或常规治疗组相比,急性冠状动脉综合症患者治疗4周后,普伐他汀组中患者的hs-CRP、LDL-C、HDL-C、TC、TG与vWF因子的水平变化的差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）。在普伐他汀使用的三个剂量中,以20mg/d治疗组的治疗效果相对最好（P＆lt;0.05）,副作用相对较小。结论：常规药物联合中等剂量的普伐他汀治疗早期急性冠状动脉综合症可获得良好的疗效,且安全性高,值得推广。     

糖尿病低血糖昏迷急诊救治的临床效果

目的探讨糖尿病低血糖昏迷患者采用急诊系统干预方案实施救治的临床效果。方法对我院收治的糖尿病低血糖昏迷患者120例,按随机分组方案分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组采用常规急诊干预方案进行救治,观察组采用急诊系统干预方案进行救治,比较两组糖尿病低血糖昏迷患者的急诊救治效果、救治后苏醒时间和治疗总时间、急诊救治期间不良事件发生情况。结果观察组糖尿病低血糖昏迷的急诊救治总有效率达91.7%,高于对照组的71.7%,组间比较差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05);救治后苏醒时间和治疗总时间比较,观察组均短于对照组,差异均具统计学意义(P0.05);观察组急诊救治期间发生不良事件1例,对照组发生不良事件8例,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病低血糖昏迷患者采用急诊系统干预方案实施救治,能促使患者短时间内苏醒,维持血糖稳定,改善患者预后。     

Current discharge management of acute coronary syndromes: data from the Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) study

Background

Medical discharge management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains suboptimal outside randomised trials and constitutes an essential quality benchmark for ACS. We sought to evaluate the rates of key guideline-recommended pharmacological agents after ACS and characteristics associated with optimal treatment at discharge.

Methods

The Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) registry is an ongoing prospective, observational study in the Netherlands that aims to enrol 4000 patients with ACS. We examined discharge and 1-month follow-up medication use among the first 1000 patients enrolled in the CCR registry. Logistic regression was performed to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with collective guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy at hospital discharge.

Results

At discharge, 94 % of patients received aspirin, 100 % thienopyridines, 80 % angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-II receptor blockers, 87 % β-blockers, 96 % statins, and 65 % the combination of all 5 agents. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and enrolment in an interventional centre were positive independent predictors of 5-drug combination therapy at discharge. Negative independent predictors were unstable angina and advanced age.

Conclusion

Current data from the CCR registry reflect a high quality of care for ACS discharge management in the Rotterdam-Rijnmond region. However, potential still remains for further optimisation.     

MEWS系统在指导院前急性脑血管意外急救的临床应用

目的 探讨应用改良早期预警（MEWS）评分指导急性脑血管意外院前急救的临床价值.方法 将院前急救中临床诊断为急性脑血管意外的患者分为常规病情评估急救组（对照组）和进行现场MEWS评分指导急救组（实验组）,并比较两组患者的病死率及好转出院率.结果 对照组病死率为17.23%,好转出院率为82.77%;实验组病死率为8.76%,好转出院率为91.24%.两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 急性脑血管意外患者院前应用MEWS评分进行病情评估和指导急救,能降低患者的病死率及提高好转出院率,具有较好的应用价值,值得在院前脑血管意外急救中推广应用.     

Immediate versus staged revascularisation of non-culprit arteries in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Although there is robust evidence that revascularisation of non-culprit vessels should be pursued in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), the optimal timing of complete revascularisation remains disputed. In this systematic review and meta-analysis our results suggest that outcomes are comparable for immediate and staged complete revascularisation in patients with ACS and MVD. However, evidence from randomised controlled trials remains scarce and cautious interpretation of these results is recommended. More non-biased evidence is necessary to aid future decision making on the optimal timing of complete revascularisation.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-022-01687-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.