新疆伊犁地区马匹亨德拉病毒脑内感染情况调查

目的检测新疆伊犁地区天然牧场放养马群脑组织中亨德拉病毒（Hendra Virus,HeV）的核酸片段,调查该地区马群中枢神经系统HeV感染流行状况。方法针对HeV高度保守区核蛋白（N）基因设计特异性引物和探针,采用一步法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测中枢神经系统感染样本中低浓度HeV RNA的方法,检测新疆伊犁草原地区天然放养且未接种HeV疫苗的183例马匹脑组织。结果最低特异性检出浓度可低至2.6×102copies/μL,与其他单股负链RNA病毒如同属的尼帕病毒（NiV）无交叉反应,对183例马脑组织进行一步法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测,未检出阳性样本。结论初步流行病学研究尚未发现我国新疆伊犁地区天然牧场放养马匹中存在HeV感染的证据,提示该地区短时间内爆发亨德拉病毒感染的可能性小。     

通过基因组定量研究猪瘟病毒在细胞中的增殖特性

应用间接免疫荧光、Real-time PCR和病毒感染滴度(TCID50)测定技术,分别从病毒抗原、病毒基因组RNA复制水平和病毒感染滴度变化3个方面,研究了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)在PK-15细胞中增殖的特点,用猪瘟病毒石门株感染96孔板培养的细胞,1×102个TCID50/孔,间接免疫荧光检测结果显示感染后8h能检测到被荧光抗体染色的感染细胞,随感染时间的延长,出现荧光的细胞数量逐渐增多,在感染后72h,几乎所有细胞均能出现荧光。Real-time PCR结果显示在细胞感染初期的8~24h,病毒的基因组RNA复制呈加速趋势,其拷贝数在感染后72h达到高峰。此外,在感染后8h能检测到病毒基因组负链RNA转录,不过负链RNA在病毒增殖过程中维持在较低的水平。TCID50测定结果表明CSFV的感染滴度增加趋势与基因组类似,在病毒感染8h后能检测到具有感染性的子代病毒,感染滴度在8~20h之间逐渐增长,24~48h之间增长速度稍减慢,在感染后48~52h达到高峰,能在72h之内维持较高的感染滴度。     

登革病毒对人树突状细胞感染性的研究

探讨登革病毒对人树突状细胞(DC)的感染性。人外周新鲜血常规分离单核细胞,经细胞因子GMCSF、IL4诱导培养成DC,通过形态学特征、细胞表型和淋巴细胞刺激能力鉴定。用登革病毒2型(DV2)感染DC,于作用后6h、24h、48h、72h、96h分别收集上清液和细胞,甲基纤维素微量空斑试验测定病毒滴度,间接免疫荧光法检测细胞上病毒抗原表达,透射电镜观察病毒在细胞内的定位。病毒感染后6h即可在培养上清中测出病毒,病毒滴度在48h达到高峰,以后逐渐下降。间接免疫荧光法证明感染的DC胞浆及胞膜上携带病毒抗原。透射电镜下在病毒感染48h后DC胞浆内可见大量病毒颗粒。树突状细胞是登革病毒感染的靶细胞,病毒可感染DC并产生大量病毒颗粒,可能在其发病机制中起重要作用。     

新疆伊犁地区驴脑组织亨德拉病毒感染情况调查

目的调查新疆伊犁地区草原放养驴群中亨德拉病毒(Hendra virus,HeV)中枢感染的流行情况。方法采用一步法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测病毒核酸片段的方法对采自新疆伊犁地区草原放养、未接种HeV疫苗的65例驴脑组织进行HeV核蛋白(N)基因片段检测。结果65例驴脑组织成功进行一步法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测,未检出阳性样本。结论目前尚未发现我国新疆伊犁地区放养驴中存在HeV中枢神经感染的证据,提示该地区出现HeV感染流行的可能性不大。     

肠道病毒71型感染小鼠IL-6,TNF-α和脑细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染小鼠外周血IL-6,TNF-α平的变化及脑细胞凋亡情况,以探讨EV71中枢损害可能的发病机制.方法:建立小鼠EV71感染模型,小鼠根据不同处理因素分为对照组和实验组,用RT-PCR检测感染1天、3天、5天、7天的小鼠脑组织的EV71RNA;分别收集外周血,用ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-6,TNF-α含量;制备单细胞悬液,采用Annexin V/PI双染结合流式细胞术(FcM)测定小鼠脑细胞的凋亡情况.应用方差分析进行统计学处理.结果(1)实验组于感染第5天和第7天在脑组织中可检测到病毒RNA,对照组脑组织未检测到病毒RNA.(2)实验组血清IL-6,TNF-α平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),并于24-72h达高峰,此后逐渐下降,于第7天时基本降至正常.(3)实验组小鼠于感染第3天开始出现脑细胞凋亡,于第5天达高峰,第7天时脑细胞凋亡反而降低.结论:EV71具有嗜神经性,EV71感染能促进单核-巨噬细胞分泌IL-6.TNF-α介早全身炎症反应,EV71感染过程中存在脑细胞凋亡现象,可能是其中枢损害的机制之一.     

小鼠体内SEG蛋白靶向运送shRNA抑制狂犬病毒复制

【目的】本试验前期已经证实,用单链抗体(sc Fv)-绿脓杆菌跨膜区(ETA)-酵母DNA结合结构域(GAL4)表达的蛋白(简写为SEG蛋白),SEG能与含sh RNA(short hairpin RNA)的质粒(p RNATU6.3-sh RNA)结合形成复合物SEG-sh RNA,并靶向运送该质粒进入感染狂犬病毒(Rabies virus,RV)的细胞,抑制RV复制。本研究用感染狂犬病病毒的小鼠模型,进行SEG-sh RNA复合物小鼠体内靶向性运送si RNA(short interfering RNA)和抑制RV复制的研究。【方法】用已建立RV CVS-24株小鼠肌肉注射模型进行试验。取50 LD_(50) CVS-24攻毒,在攻毒后12 h尾静脉注射SEG-sh RNA,流式细胞仪检测SEG-sh RNA的体内靶向性;同样方法攻毒后,尾静脉注射SEG-sh RNA,连续4 d,攻毒后第5天小鼠脑组织用q RT-PCR、RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫荧光染色法检测其中RV的含量;统计小鼠存活率;并检测小鼠体内IFN-α含量,从而分析SEG-sh RNA在体内的抗病毒作用。【结果】结果表明仅在RV攻毒小鼠的注射部位检测到绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的表达,未注射RV的腿部及脑、肝、脾、肾均无GFP表达,说明SEG-sh RNA可靶向RV感染细胞运送sh RNA。攻毒后第5天脑组织q RT-PCR结果表明靶向药物组比病毒对照减少4.88倍(3.9/0.8);RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫荧光染色试验结果表明使用SEG-sh RNA组病毒量明显少于病毒对照组;且攻毒后13 d,动物存活率达50%,而病毒对照100%死亡。检测小鼠体内IFN-α未见升高。【结论】以上试验表明SEG蛋白在小鼠体内靶向运送含sh RNA的质粒到感染组织细胞;对小鼠体内RV有明显抑制作用,因此可以用于狂犬病毒感染的特异辅助性救治研究。     

小鼠隐球菌性脑膜炎模型AQP4与脑水肿关系的实验研究

目的 探讨隐球菌感染中枢神经系小鼠模型AQP4与脑水肿的关系.方法 尾静脉接种隐球菌构建小鼠中枢神经系感染模型,随机分为实验组和对照组,免疫抑制后实验组小鼠尾静脉注射隐球菌菌悬液,对照组注射等量生理盐水.两组均采用Western blotting技术于6h、12h、24 h、48 h、72 h动态检测小鼠脑组织中AQP4蛋白表达变化.结果 小鼠隐球菌中枢神经系统感染后,脑组织中AQP4蛋白表达24 h开始上升,48 h达峰值,在24h和48 h与对照组比较,实验组的标准化AQP4蛋白表达水平显著增加,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 AQP4对隐球菌中枢神经系统感染所致脑水肿具有保护性作用.     

SYBR green实时荧光定量PCR检测微小RNA21的方法建立及在食管鳞癌中的应用

目的:建立SYBR green实时荧光定量PCR检测微小RNA miR-21的技术平台及应用。方法:设计微小RNA21和U6的的颈环结构反转录引物和PCR扩增引物,以U6为内参利用SYBR green实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠各器官中的微小RNA21的含量。提取16例食管鳞癌患者的肿瘤组织及其近旁组织中的总RNA,检测其微小RNA21表达水平。结果:SYBR green实时荧光定量PCR检测U6和微小RNA21含量的熔解曲线单一,PCR产物特异。在Balb/c小鼠的4种器官中,肝脏、脾脏、肾脏分别为脑组织的8.71、5.38、3.47倍。16对食管鳞癌患者的样本中,14例微小RNA21的拷贝数高于其近旁组织约10.58倍(p0.01)。结论:此研究成功建立了SYBR green荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠和人微小RNA-21含量的技术平台,为进一步阐述miR-21在食管鳞癌的发生中的作用提供了新方向。     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)生产工艺病毒灭活验证

目的:验证重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)生产工艺灭活病毒能力,评价疫苗安全性。方法:将乙型肝炎疫苗原液按1∶9比例加入指示病毒(麻疹病毒、VSV病毒),混匀后加入甲醛溶液,使甲醛终浓度达到1/2000和1/4000,放置于37℃,分别于0h、24h、48h、72h取样,用亚硫酸氢钠中和,贮存于-70℃待检或立即检测病毒滴度,对病毒检测阴性的样品盲传3代,进一步检测。结果:疫苗原液加入1/2000和1/4000的甲醛溶液,37℃作用24h、48h、72h,麻疹病毒滴度下降4.0个Log值,VSV病毒滴度下降5.0个Log值,且细胞盲传三代,均未出现细胞病变。结论:乙型肝炎疫苗原液在1/2000和1/4000甲醛浓度37℃72h作用下,均能有效灭活麻疹病毒和VSV病毒。     

血清E型沙眼衣原体的Real-time PCR定量分析

目的沙眼衣原体感染是最常见的性传播疾病,本文拟建立一种准确快速、标准化的感染动物组织衣原体载量检测体系。方法体外扩增感染用沙眼衣原体血清E型,克隆衣原体特异基因OMP1基因片段作为标准品,用Real time PCR法测定衣原体基因组拷贝数进行衣原体定量。结果 Real time PCR在OMP1基因片段200至2×108拷贝检测结果成线性,在模板中加入小鼠基因组未出现非特异扩增,同时未影响扩增效率。结论针对衣原体特异基因OMP1的实时定量PCR方法可以较为灵敏的特异的定量检测感染动物样本中的衣原体。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.