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近年来随着生物技术的发展,生物酶制剂的生产水平不断提高,促进了酶制剂在生物制浆、生物漂白、废纸生物脱墨、酶法纸浆改善性能及树脂生物控制等方面的应用,体现了酶技术在减轻制浆造纸工业环境污染、改善纸浆抄造性能等方面的潜力。文中重点介绍在不同制浆造纸原料及工艺中酶的选用、复配和应用技术及原理,以及酶制剂的应用效率及其对制浆造纸中节能减排和绿色环保的意义。 相似文献
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微生物木聚糖降解酶系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
木聚糖类半纤维素是产量仅次于纤维素的植物多糖 ,其结构要比纤维素复杂得多 ,完全降解木聚糖 ,实现植物残体的生物转化需要多种水解酶 (即木聚糖降解酶系统 )的协同作用。木聚糖酶在食品、饲料、纺织、能源工业 ,特别是在纸浆和造纸工业中有着广阔的应用前景 ,如人们将极端嗜热和嗜碱菌的木聚糖酶基因克隆到现有工程菌中生产工业用酶 ,用于纸浆的生物漂白和饲料加工。但是木聚糖资源的开发利用要求完整的酶系统。人们通过对具有木聚糖降解酶系统微生物的研究 ,运用基因工程技术将其构建成发酵工程菌 ,直接利用半纤维素生产单细胞蛋白 ;或者… 相似文献
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木聚糖是一种在自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的丰富的可再生资源,木聚糖酶是一类可以将木聚糖水解成单糖和寡糖的酶,利用木聚糖酶将木聚糖分解后的产物被广泛应用于食品、造纸以及纺织等行业。木聚糖酶按其对酸碱环境的耐受能力分为碱性木聚糖酶、中性木聚糖酶和酸性木聚糖酶,其中碱性木聚糖酶适合应用于造纸工业中,尤其在造纸的制浆、促进漂白及废纸脱墨等多种工艺中,可以显著提高纸张质量,有效降低氯气排放量,从而减少对环境的污染。随着生物技术的进步,利用基因工程技术可以对碱性木聚糖酶进行分子改造,以提高其耐碱、耐热能力,扩大其在工业应用中的条件范围。介绍碱性木聚糖酶在分子改造方面的研究进展以及其在造纸漂白和制浆、废纸脱墨中的应用。 相似文献
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微生物产生的木聚糖酶的功能和应用 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
术聚糖是一种异质多糖,主要由木糖和阿拉伯糖组成。微生物产生的木聚糖酶来源广泛,能将木聚糖水解为木寡糖和D-木糖。该酶具有极大的应用价值,如可用于纸浆的漂白以减少环境污染,也可将造纸工业及农业废料中的木聚糖转化为D-木糖。 相似文献
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侧耳菌与粗毛栓菌在麦草培养基中产生木质纤维素降解酶的研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
草本植物,包括农作物秸杆的木质素主要是由松柏醇、芥子醇和对香豆醇的脱氢聚合物和对香豆酸组成[1,2],是结构复杂、稳定、多样的生物大分子物质.虽难于被一般微生物降解,但自然界中仍存在一些可降解木质素的微生物种类,白腐真菌是最重要的一类,它们通过分泌漆酶(Laccases,Lac)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidases,LiP)、锰过氧化物酶(Manganese-dependent peroxidases,MnP)、纤维素酶(Cellulas-es,Cel)和半纤维素酶(Hemicellulases,Hcel)等降解植物生物质.由于白腐菌在造纸工业中的生物制浆和纸浆生物漂白、环境保护等方面[4]有着很好的应用前景,因此倍受关注.
本研究选用在液体培养基中产酶能力强且产酶较快的白腐真菌侧耳sp2和粗毛栓菌[5]进行固体培养,研究它们产生木质纤维素降解酶类和降解植物生物质的能力.研究结果报道如下. 相似文献
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制浆造纸生物技术研究进展 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
制浆造纸工业是国民经济的主要支柱之一,但也是资源消耗和环境污染的大户。近年来,国外用于制浆造纸工业的生物技术研究异常活跃,除废水生物处理外,木聚糖酶助漂、脂肪酶控制树脂、木片真菌预处理和酶法废纸脱墨等工艺已经在生产中得到实际应用,生物制浆、漆酶漂白工艺也已进入中试阶段。结合以草浆为主的特点,我国的制浆造纸生物技术研究也已日趋活跃起来。 相似文献
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细菌木聚糖酶高产菌的选育及产酶条件 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
木聚糖是一种在植物体内大量存在的半纤维素,是在自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的一种可再生植物纤维。木聚糖酶(xylanase,EC3.2.1.8)是一类能够特异降解木聚糖的酶类。近年来,人们将其广泛用于造纸工业的纸浆生物处理,与其他消化酶类一起用作饲料添加剂,以及应用于食品加工工业和纺织工业等。木聚糖酶可以由许多种微生物产生[1],我国多集中于霉菌木聚糖酶的研究。本文报告了一株细菌木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件的研究结果。1 材料和方法11 菌株本实验室分离、保存的木聚糖酶产生菌WXULI11及其突变株WLUN024。12 培养… 相似文献
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Atko Viru Livian Laaneots Kalle Karelson Tamara Smirnova Mehis Viru 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(5):401-408
The dependence of exercise-induced hormone responses on sexual maturation was tested in a 3-year longitudinal experiment
on 34 girls (aged 11–12 years at the beginning). Sexual maturation was evaluated by Tanners five-stage scale. Children cycled
for 20-min at 60% maximal oxygen uptake once a year. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, β-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone
concentrations in venous blood were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures. Basal concentrations of growth hormone increased
and of cortisol decreased when breast stage III was reached. Reaching breast stage IV was associated with an increase in basal
concentrations of β-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone. The exercise induced significant increases in concentrations
of cortisol, growth hormone and β-oestradiol and a decrease in insulin concentration. At breast stage III the increase in
cortisol concentration was to a lower level [467 (SEM 42) vs 567 (SEM 46)nmol · l−1] and growth hormone concentration to a higher level [29.4 (SEM 0.5) vs 12.8 (SEM 0.4)ng · ml−1], while the fall in insulin concentration was less pronounced [postexercise level 10.6 (SEM 0.9) vs 7.8 (SEM 0.8)mU · l−1] than in stage II. The magnitude of the cortisol response was reduced in the last stage of breast development (+42.1% vs
+55.5% at stage II, +66.2% at stage III, and +50.0% at stage IV). The magnitude of β-oestradiol response was the lowest in
breast stage IV (+15.8%) and the highest at stage V (+41.1%). The progesterone response became significant at stage IV and
testosterone response at stage V. In conclusion, we found that reaching breast stage III was associated with altered responses
of cortisol, insulin and growth hormone concentrations while the responses of the sex hormone concentrations became pronounced
in the last stages of sexual maturation.
Accepted: 17 September 1997 相似文献
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《Ethnic and racial studies》2012,35(1):56-71
Abstract I seek to understand two dimensions in the evolution and practices of medical institutions in the USA. First, I ask, how and why do medical organizations limit, suspend, or redirect profit-oriented functions to abide by principles of altruism and still survive in a competitive market economy? Reaching out to poor and immigrant populations entails non-economic factors, including the deployment of religious and humanitarian narratives. Conversely, the extent and character of legislative actions supporting philanthropic endeavours is closely related to mobilization at the grassroots level. I investigate the ways in which community organizations bring about changes to support practices that confound, at least to some extent, market expectations and underscore the significance of political action to secure health care services on behalf of low-income populations, including immigrants. 相似文献
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目的:初步了解了进口与国产医疗设备与耗材的发展状况和使用反馈情况,并对国内医疗设备与耗材行业的发展提供合理化建议。方法:通过对苏北地区某三级甲等医院设备科工作人员、医生、护士长、患者及患者家属进行调研或访谈,并以调研和访谈的统计结果为依据得出结论并提出建议。结果:技术成熟的中小型医疗设备或耗材,从质量、价格等因素综合考虑,国内产品优于进口产品,一定程度上得到了医务人员和消费者的认可。在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面,进口产品具有较大的技术优势。结论:国内医疗设备生产企业应当积极开展研发工作,提高产品的技术含量与质量,巩固自身在中小型医疗设备与耗材方面的优势,并努力在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面取得突破。 相似文献
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Hiatal surfaces from the Miocene Globigerina Limestone Formation of Malta: Biostratigraphy, sedimentology, trace fossils and early diagenesis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Micha Gruszczyski Jim D. Marshall Roland Goldring Max L. Coleman Krzysztof Makowski Elbieta Ga
dzicka Julia Semil Peter Gatt 《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》2008,270(3-4):239
The Miocene Globigerina Limestone of the Maltese islands contains widespread omission surfaces with very different characteristics and origins.The terminal Lower Globigerina Limestone hardground (TLGLHg) formed during a period of falling sea level. Coccolith assemblages suggest shallowness. Sedimentary structures and trace fossil assemblages, indicate increasing frequency of storm events and erosional episodes, towards the surface. Calcite cementation which took place around Thalassinoides burrows and formed irregular nodules was followed by dissolution of aragonite. It is suggested that lithification was linked to microbial reactions involving organic matter.In contrast two later surfaces, the terminal Middle Globigerina Limestone omissionground (TMGLOg), which marks the Lower to Middle Miocene boundary, and the Fomm-ir-Rih local hardground (FiRLHg) both contain early diagenetic dolomite. Lithification took place in two phases. The dolomite is interpreted to have formed beneath the sea floor; it was subsequently exhumed and partially corroded as the precipitation of calcitic and phosphatic cements took place around burrows open to the circulation of sea water. 相似文献
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目的:初步了解了进口与国产医疗设备与耗材的发展状况和使用反馈情况,并对国内医疗设备与耗材行业的发展提供合理化建议。方法:通过对苏北地区某三级甲等医院设备科工作人员、医生、护士长、患者及患者家属进行调研或访谈,并以调研和访谈的统计结果为依据得出结论并提出建议。结果:技术成熟的中小型医疗设备或耗材,从质量、价格等因素综合考虑,国内产品优于进口产品,一定程度上得到了医务人员和消费者的认可。在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面,进口产品具有较大的技术优势。结论:国内医疗设备生产企业应当积极开展研发工作,提高产品的技术含量与质量,巩固自身在中小型医疗设备与耗材方面的优势,并努力在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面取得突破。 相似文献
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The contents of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid in intima and media of thoracic
and abdominal segments of aorta from normal human subjects and rhesus monkeys were determined. An increase in total lipids
in intima as compared to that of media was noted in both species. A comparison of lipid contents of thoracic and abdominal
segments from both species revealed that abdominal segment contained significantly greater lipid. Further, human thoracic
and abdominal aortic intima and media had higher content of cholesterol as compared to that of monkey aorta. The differences
in lipid profile in aorta of these two species have been highlighted to provide a clue with respect to the differences in
the prevalence and morphology of atherosclerosis as seen in monkey and man. 相似文献
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医德是医疗卫生领域精神文明建设的重要部分,也是调整医务人员与病人、医务人员之间以及与社会之间关系的行为准则。医德范畴是指人们对现代医务人员职业道德和医患关系的总结,它不仅概括了医生所应履行的职责义务,而且反映着一段时间内医患关系的本质。本文通过对医德范畴内,医生的权利和义务、责任和良心、功力和荣誉、审慎和保密四类问题的阐述,探讨当下医生在工作中应该保持何种心态,如何与患者进行沟通,以期更好地提供医疗服务。 相似文献
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In the chromoplast fraction and in the chromoplast-free fraction, obtained from Calendula officinalis ligulate flowers, the contents of individual free and ester-bound triterpene alcohols and sterols as well as the fatty acid components of the ester form were determined. It was shown that all sterols and triterpene monols in both forms occur in the two subtractions investigated, whereas all diols are localized only in the chromoplast fraction. The compositions of the fatty acids esterifying monols and sterols were similar to those esterifying diols in the chromoplasts. However, the fatty acids esterifying extra-chromoplast monols and sterols were different. This result indicates that triterpene monol esters are substrates for the biosynthesis of 3-monoesters of diols. 相似文献