共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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近视是最常见的眼病之一,近年来,由于近视的发病率逐年上升,已成为世界性医学问题,近视眼的治疗也成为研究重点。药物研究和手术治疗是近视的治疗目前的研究热点,并已经取得一定得成果。药物方面,阿托品,托品酰胺,哌仑西平,消旋山莨菪碱对近视的控制作用都有被证实,但由于应用上还有一定的副作用,远期效果也不明确,需要进一步研究。手术方面,近视眼手术主要分为角膜屈光手术和眼内屈光手术。LASIK手术是目前应用最广泛的角膜屈光手术方法,SBK手术,飞秒激光手术等技术也日趋成熟。但是,角膜手术存在着一定的风险,应用范围也较为局限,需要进一步研究。眼内屈光手术主要为有晶体眼的人工晶体植入术(PIOL)和屈光性晶状体置换术,矫正的范围更加大,但是眼内手术并发症较多,也需要进一步研究和改进。 相似文献
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摘要:角膜内皮细胞(corneal endothelial cells,CECs)通过其屏障作用及离子泵功能维持角膜透明,但年龄、疾病及创伤等因素会使其功能有所降低,导致角膜失代偿、角膜水肿、大泡性角膜病变,甚至视力的丧失。因此,CECs可谓是角膜的"生命"。近年来,CECs的检测方法逐渐新增,并且不同检测指标具有不同意义;导致CECs受损的因素也有所增加,同时CECs损伤后的治疗也逐渐成为近年来的研究热点。早期发现CECs受损、明确病因并进行干预或治疗会减少CECs的损伤,对指导临床工作有重要的意义。本文主要对CECs检测方法及指标、损伤因素及其治疗的最新进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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摘要:角膜是重要的屈光间质,约占眼光学系统总屈光力的70%;因其特殊的生理结构,可表现出复杂的生物力学性质。随着近年来科学技术的进步,用于测量角膜生物力学的方法也在不断更新,获得的生物力学参数也更加精确。越来越多的国内外研究团队将对角膜生物力学的研究同临床相结合,发现当角膜形态发生变化时,其生物力学参数也会发生相应的改变。因此,可以通过对患者角膜生物力学的测量来判断病变的发展程度,也可以根据所测得的力学参数来进行手术设计,甚至可以初判患者的愈后情况。但在角膜生物力学方面的研究仍缺乏深度,对其与部分临床疾病的联系仍缺乏充分的认知,仍需探讨如何将角膜生物力学检查更好地服务于临床。本文将对角膜生物力学的离体、活体测量方法及其目前在圆锥角膜、青光眼、翼状胬肉、屈光不正及屈光不正的矫正等临床方面的应用研究作一综述。 相似文献
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屈光回退是角膜屈光手术后的并发症之一,其治疗方法主要为药物治疗和手术治疗。对于需要再次手术的患者,应根据初次手术方式、距离初次手术时间、回退度数,在充分评价角膜情况后合理选择增效术,确保手术的安全性和有效性。目前,准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术和飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术是治疗近视和近视散光的主要手术方式。本文就两者术后屈光回退手术治疗的适应症、不同增效术的优缺点及注意事项作一综述。 相似文献
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目的:探讨框架眼镜联合角膜塑形镜矫正青少年高度近视的临床疗效及对角膜内皮细胞和泪膜的影响.方法:选取2018年1月~2019年3月期间我院收治的青少年高度近视患者98例(181眼),根据信封抽签法分为对照组49例92眼(框架眼镜配戴治疗)和观察组49例89眼(对照组基础上联合角膜塑形镜治疗).对比两组裸眼视力、屈光度、... 相似文献
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兔角膜缘干细胞的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前,角膜移植是临床上治疗角膜疾患的最有效途径,但供体角膜非常有限。新近兴起的干细胞技术,为组织工程角膜的研制和应用提供了契机。对于以角膜缘干细胞缺乏或功能障碍为特征的疾病也有治疗效果。采取角膜缘干细胞移植应是一种合理有效的治疗手段。本文主要介绍了兔角膜缘干细胞的体外分离、培养、鉴定及一些生长因子对其增殖的影响。 相似文献
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近年来,组织工程角膜,尤其是组织工程角膜上皮和基质方面的研究取得了很大进展,在动物水平或临床应用中也取得了较好的治疗效果,但在标准化、眼表严重损伤的治疗效果和远期治疗评价等方面仍有一些重大科学问题尚未解决。本文对组织工程角膜的基础研究和临床应用情况进行介绍,并对存在的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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角膜是眼部抵御外来病原微生物侵入的重要屏障,其完整性与眼部健康密切相关。角膜发生损伤后,其自身会进行修复和重新上皮化,该过程常伴随炎症反应及炎症介质的释放。适度的炎症反应可促进损伤修复,而过度炎症反应会伴有大量炎症介质的释放,加剧角膜损伤。高迁移率族蛋白1 (high mobility group box 1, HMGB1)是参与角膜组织损伤和修复过程的常见炎症介质之一,过度表达的HMGB1可加剧角膜修复过程中的瘢痕化,导致角膜透明度降低,对疾病的转归产生负面影响。因此,干扰HMGB1有望成为治疗角膜损伤的新方式。本文从HMGB1的结构与功能、HMGB1在角膜损伤及修复中的作用、HMGB1的调控及其在角膜疾病中的应用三个方面进行回顾和总结。 相似文献
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Zhenzhou Cheng Nan Zhang Le Chang Pengfei Qi Lin Zhang Lie Lin Yan Wang Weiwei Liu 《Journal of biophotonics》2023,16(2):e202200160
Myopia and keratoconus have become common corneal diseases that threaten the quality of human vision, and keratoconus is one of the most common indications for corneal transplantation worldwide. Collagen crosslinking (CXL) using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) light is an effective approach for treating ophthalmic disorders and has been shown clinically not only to arrest further progression of keratoconus but also to improve refractive power for cornea. However, CXL surgery irradiated by UVA has various potential risks such as surface damage and endothelial cell damage. Here, near-infrared femtosecond laser-based two-photon CXL was first applied to ex vivo human corneal stroma, operating at low photon energy with high precision and stability. After two-photon CXL, the corneal stiffness can be enhanced by 300% without significantly reducing corneal transparency. These findings illustrate the optimized direction that depositing high pulses energy in corneal focal volume (not exceeding damage threshold), and pave the way to 3D CXL of in vivo human cornea with higher safety, precision, and efficacy. 相似文献
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Xiaokun Wang Yong Huang Sabah Jastaneiah Shoumyo Majumdar Jin U. Kang Samuel C. Yiu Walter Stark Jennifer H. Elisseeff 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Collagen crosslinking is a relatively new treatment for structural disorders of corneal ectasia, such as keratoconus. However, there is a lack of animal models of keratoconus, which has been an obstacle for carefully analyzing the mechanisms of crosslinking and evaluating new therapies. In this study, we treated rabbit eyes with collagenase and chondroitinase enzymes to generate ex vivo corneal ectatic models that simulate the structural disorder of keratoconus. The models were then used to evaluate the protective effect of soluble collagen in the UVA crosslinking system. After enzyme treatment, the eyes were exposed to riboflavin/UVA crosslinking with and without soluble type I collagen. Corneal morphology, collagen ultrastructure, and thermal stability were evaluated before and after crosslinking. Enzyme treatments resulted in corneal curvature changes, collagen ultrastructural damage, decreased swelling resistance and thermal stability, which are similar to what is observed in keratoconus eyes. UVA crosslinking restored swelling resistance and thermal stability, but ultrastructural damage were found in the crosslinked ectatic corneas. Adding soluble collagen during crosslinking provided ultrastructural protection and further enhanced the swelling resistance. Therefore, UVA crosslinking on the ectatic model mimicked typical clinical treatment for keratoconus, suggesting that this model replicates aspects of human keratoconus and could be used for investigating experimental therapies and treatments prior to translation. 相似文献
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Yi Zhou Sergey Alexandrov Andrew Nolan Nandan Das Rajib Dey Martin Leahy 《Journal of biophotonics》2020,13(6)
Corneal cross‐linking (CXL) using ultraviolet‐A (UVA) irradiation with a riboflavin photosensitizer has grown from an interesting concept to a practical clinical treatment for corneal ectatic diseases globally, such as keratoconus. To characterize the corneal structural changes, existing methods such as X‐ray microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, histology and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been used. However, these methods have various drawbacks such as invasive detection, the impossibility for in vivo measurement, or limited resolution and sensitivity to structural alterations. Here, we report the application of oversampling nanosensitive OCT for probing the corneal structural alterations. The results indicate that the spatial period increases slightly after 30 minutes riboflavin instillation but decreases significantly after 30 minutes UVA irradiation following the Dresden protocol. The proposed noninvasive method can be implemented using existing OCT systems, without any additional components, for detecting nanoscale changes with the potential to assist diagnostic assessment during CXL treatment, and possibly to be a real‐time monitoring tool in clinics. 相似文献
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Inter-individual differences in corneal properties are ignored in existing methods for measuring intraocular pressure IOP, a primary parameter used in screening and monitoring of glaucoma. The differences in the corneal stiffness between individuals can be more than double and this difference would lead to IOP measurement errors up to 10 mmHg. In this study, an instrumented partial-contact indentation measurement and analysis method that can account for inter-individual corneal difference in stiffness is developed. The method was tested on 12 porcine eyes ex vivo and 7 rabbit eyes in vivo, and the results were compared to the controlled IOPs to determine the method's validity. Analyses showed that without corneal stiffness correction, up to 10 mmHg of measurement error was found between the existing approach and the controlled IOP. With the instrumented indentation and analysis method, less than 2 mmHg of differences were founded between the measured IOP and the controlled IOP. These results showed that instrumented partial-contact indentation can effectively account for inter-individual corneal variations in IOP measurement. 相似文献
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Masayoshi Tachibana Mieko Okamoto Michihiro Sakamoto Yoshibumi Matsushima 《Mammalian genome》2002,13(12):692-695
Human keratoconus is a common corneal disease with non-inflammatory corneal ectasia, and a subset of this disease is heritable.
In an effort to establish animal models for this disease, we discovered Japanese keratoconus (JKC) mice among Mishima molosinus
(MSM) mice, an inbred strain of Japanese wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus). Typical phenotypic corneas of JKC mice are,
like human keratoconus, conical in shape, although the corneas were often associated with a red punctum at the tip. In contrast
to human keratoconus, histological examination revealed the inflammatory changes such as infiltration of capillaries and hematocytes
in JKC mouse corneas. Although JKC mouse corneal change is probably secondary to keratitis and is a mouse-specific keratopathy,
its pathogenesis may be relevant to that of human keratoconus. Linkage analysis mapped the responsible gene at the markers
D13Mit21, D13Mit252, D13Mit279, and D13Mit39, which are located between 21.9 and 34.0 cm of the mouse Chr 13. Candidate genes
in this region include genes for cathepsins, interleukin, and chemotaxin. Further study of JKC mice may shed light on pathogenesis
of human keratoconus. 相似文献
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《Clinical eye and vision care》1996,8(4):253-263
Computer-assisted videokeratography (corneal topography) has the ability to identify inferior corneal steepening in patients without biomicroscopic evidence of keratoconus. This may be an early form of keratoconus, an abortive form of keratoconus, a variable expression of the condition, or an unrelated diagnostic entity. Differentiating non-pathological inferior corneal steepening from keratoconus is essential for appropriate patient education and management and their candidacy for refractive surgery. Three cases are presented with this topographical finding and the relationship to keratoconus is discussed. 相似文献
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拷贝数变异是指基因组中发生大片段的DNA序列的拷贝数增加或者减少。根据现有的研究可知,拷贝数变异是多种人类疾病的成因,与其发生与发展机制密切相关。高通量测序技术的出现为拷贝数变异检测提供了技术支持,在人类疾病研究、临床诊疗等领域,高通量测序技术已经成为主流的拷贝数变异检测技术。虽然不断有新的基于高通量测序技术的算法和软件被人们开发出来,但是准确率仍然不理想。本文全面地综述基于高通量测序数据的拷贝数变异检测方法,包括基于reads深度的方法、基于双末端映射的方法、基于拆分read的方法、基于从头拼接的方法以及基于上述4种方法的组合方法,深入探讨了每类不同方法的原理,代表性的软件工具以及每类方法适用的数据以及优缺点等,并展望未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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Hayes S Boote C Kamma-Lorger CS Rajan MS Harris J Dooley E Hawksworth N Hiller J Terill NJ Hafezi F Brahma AK Quantock AJ Meek KM 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e22405