微生物学研究型设计性实验教学改革与实践

生命科学及生物产业的迅速发展对高校学生实践能力和创新能力的培养提出了更高要求。为了提高生物技术和生物工程专业学生的实践能力和科研创新能力,我们在微生物学实验教学中开展了研究型设计性实验教学改革,并针对研究型设计性实验项目的内容特点及其在教学过程中存在的常见问题,总结出一套较为完善的教学设计方式和过程管理模式。为期12年的实践表明,开展研究型设计性实验教学对于促进学生的专业学习,提高其实践能力及科研创新能力作用显著。研究型设计性实验教学是具有推广意义的教学新模式。     

通过实验教学内容与形式的改革,培养学生的科研创新意识与能力

微生物学实验是面向生命科学院的全体本科生所开的一门专业基础实验课,在培养生物领域人才方面具有重要的作用,但随着新技术和新方法的诞生,其中有些实验内容已明显落后。不利于学生综合实验能力的培养以及科研创新意识与能力的提高。针对明显落后的几个实验进行改革和删减,并改进教学形式,取得了很好的教学效果,进一步培养和提高了学生的科研创新意识和创新能力。     

科研技术的飞速发展

目前,华大拥有近千名具有不同专业背景的生物信息领域专业人才和强大的数据处理、分析存储能力。开发出了一系列具有国际影响力的软件、数据库和服务平台,培养了大量的生物信息以及相关实验技术专业人才。在基因组研究的各个层面都具有强大的科研能力和丰富的科研经验,建立了一整套针对第二     

口腔微生物学实验教学体系初探

目的实验教学在培养复合型和创新型人才中具有不可替代的重要作用,为了提高口腔医学教育质量,培养适应新世纪要求的高素质创新型的医学人才,增设口腔微生物学实验课。方法根据口腔医学特色设计实验,培养学生的基础、专业、综合、创新能力。教学内容包括：牙菌斑的采集和处理、致龋菌的分离和培养、致龋菌的鉴定。教学方式采用学生两两配对模式。分析2011年度教学的实验结果。结果实验课程有利于培养学生专业能力和科研能力,加深对疾病发生机制的理解;35．7％的学生具有较好的综合能力和创新能力,30．4％的学生表现出专业能力不足,33．9％学生需要提高基础和专业能力。结论口腔微生物学实验教学体系对完善教学、促进改革具有重要意义。     

应用型本科高校围绕解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力培养的课程体系思考与构建

准确把握专业复杂工程问题的特征与内涵是设置专业毕业要求、构建课程体系、设计教学内容的重要前提。文中通过讨论生物产业的复杂工程问题特征,挖掘长三角地区生物产业对于本科层次人才的需求,总结岗位典型任务和要求,阐述了典型任务中包含的复杂工程问题的内涵。在此基础上构建了多阶段培养解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力的课程体系。该课程体系结合产教深度融合的医药生物技术学院、教师科研反哺教学项目建设、课程团队与一流课程建设、覆盖全员的学生专业社团建设等多种措施,更好地支撑了解决复杂工程问题能力的培养。     

化学学科背景下细胞生物学课程教学的改革和实践

细胞生物学在大学生物相关专业的课程设置中占有重要地位,为提高化学优势学科背景下细胞生物学的教学质量,研究从学生知识掌握能力、知识融合能力和创新能力等三个方面进行相关教学的改革与实践。围绕教学内容和教学课件的优化,学生课外调研和科研写作的开展,学生创新热情的产生,学生动手解决问题及发现新问题的精神面貌转变等方面,阐述教改的主要内容。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

参与式教学在“生物分离工程”课程中的探索

生物分离工程是高等学校生物工程专业的基础课程,与生产实践密切相关。教学过程中采用参与式教学方法能够培养学生工程设计的创造性思维,并且提高学生的工程化能力。本研究从科研融入教学、开展课堂讨论、运用多媒体手段、开设工厂课堂等4个方面介绍课堂教学中有效引入参与式教学的途径及其在生物分离工程教学实践中的具体应用,旨在提高相关工程类课程教学质量,为从事此类教学实践的一线专业教师提供高效引领课堂的理论参考。     

21世纪高等生物教育

建立完善的生物教育体系,高等院校在专业设置、科研和教育教学时必须考虑到三个层面:应用型教育、普及型教育和基础型教育.     

“新工科”背景下“生物分离工程”课程创新改革

“生物分离工程”是生物工程专业本科生的一门重要的专业必修课,是生物工程专业建立“新工科”课程体系的重要组成部分。本教学团队坚持“以学生发展为中心,以创新思维为核心”的教育理念,以“学习成果”为导向的创新理念,针对课程长期存在的“理论教学与实验课脱节,学生不能及时地将理论知识内化为实践能力”、“课程内容陈旧,与行业需求脱节”、“授课和考核方式相对单一,学生的专业能力和素质未能有效培养”等痛点问题开展教学改革,重构课程内容。打通理论课和实验课的界限,开展“线上+线下”混合教学,通过科研反哺教学,使课程内容紧跟行业发展前沿,充分利用现代信息技术手段开展更丰富的课堂教学活动,并对学生进行全程化、动态化和多样化的考核,全面提升学生的能力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.