“微生物学”一流课程教学改革与实践

“微生物学”课程是酿酒工程、生物工程、生物技术等专业的必修课程,也是一门重要的专业核心课程。基于培养具有科学探究能力的创新型人才的教学目标,我们教学团队深入改革“微生物学”课程,建设一流本科课程。通过贯彻“以学生为中心”和“科研反哺教学”的教学理念,深入挖掘课程育人价值,开展课程思政建设工作,建设慕课(massive open online course, MOOC)平台“微生物学”课程线上教学全套资源,构建“夯实基础-解构问题分析训练-研讨课”的教学模式,改进学生学习模式,改革学习过程评价体系,以及指导学生参加科创竞赛等教学改革实践,全面提高学生的科学探究能力,为社会储备具有科学探究能力的创新型人才,为工科院校建设一流课程提供借鉴。     

德融课程盐溶于汤：微生物学课程思政的思考与实践

课程思政是以“课程”作为“思政”的载体,探索知识传授、能力培养与价值塑造三位融合的有效途径,当前高等教育已步入全面建设课程思政的新时期。微生物学专业面与应用范围均非常广泛,而且与人类社会发展、生产实践、日常生活都息息相关,蕴含着极为丰富的思政元素,是开展课程思政的优秀载体。我们微生物学教学团队一直以来秉承教书育人的教育理念,致力于微生物学创新教学改革,近年来又以此为基础进行了课程思政思考与实践。本文总结了“微生物学”开展课程思政的必要性、融入路径、教学评价、反思与持续改进等,以期为高等院校课程思政教学改革提供参考。     

“环境工程微生物学”课程思政实践举措

课程思政在高校实现“三全育人”体系中发挥着重要的作用，是当前高校教学改革研究的热点之一。本文以环境工程专业“环境工程微生物学”课程为例，首先从课程思政元素发掘、提升教师课程思政能力、培养学生学习兴趣和重要保障等四方面对该课程思政开展具体实践；其次从提升学生课程思政理念、提高学生课程成绩及对全校课程思政的引领等方面展现课程思政的实践成效；最后结合教学实践对课程思政进行了讨论和展望。通过上述研究，以期为环境工程专业课程思政改革提供实践路径，为发挥专业课的育人机制提供参考。     

微生物学实验课教学改革初探

微生物学是生命科学中至关重要的基础学科 ,同时也是一门实践性与应用性很强的学科 ,微生物学实验课不仅是学好微生物学理论知识的重要途径 ,也是进一步学习分子生物学、现代生物技术、细胞生物学、酶工程、发酵工程及食用菌学等其他后继课程实验技术的基础。为了充分调动学生学习的主动性 ,提高实验课的教学效果 ,我们拟从以下几个方面进行改革和尝试。1　实验课教学内容的合理调整随着高等教育改革的深入 ,对理论教学和实践教学也提出了更高的要求 ,重基础、重实践、重效率已成为人们的共识 ,为适应新形势新要求 ,原有专业基础课和专业课…     

“海洋微生物学实验”课程思政探索和实践

"海洋微生物学实验"课程是高等院校海洋科学类专业的重要基础课程,在海洋科学人才培养过程中发挥重要作用。开展"海洋微生物学实验"课程的思政建设,是落实高校全员全程全方位培养青年海洋微生物人才的重要途径。本文以"海洋微生物学实验"课程为例,挖掘提炼课程中蕴含的思政元素,从课程建设、教学理念、教学目标、教学方法、考核评价体系、教学反思等方面开展课程思政教育的探索和实践,旨在将专业知识和思政元素有机融合,实现知识传授和价值引领同频共振。     

基于应用技术型人才培养模式下的环境微生物学教学改革探索

环境微生物学是环境工程专业的必修专业课,课程的开展对培养学生应用技术能力和提高综合素质等至关重要。传统教学模式使应用技术型人才的培养受到局限,通过分析环镜微生物学课程的理论教学、实验教学、教学形式和师资建设等方面现状,阐述了改革思路和具体措施,以期达到提高学生应用能力的目的,为实现应用技术型人才培养目标进行探索与实践。     

“新工科”背景下“食品微生物学”教学改革探索与实践

“食品微生物学”是面向食品类专业本科生开设的一门实践性很强的主干课程,具有较强的理论性和抽象性。针对“新工科”背景下该课程存在的思政教育有待进一步加强、学生创新能力不足和协同培养系统不够完善等突出问题,课程团队坚持“以学生为中心”,以培养科研素养和工程实践能力为目标,创设“一链三融,践行创新”线上线下混合模式,融合思政教育与课程教育、科学研究与课堂学习、区域产业与专业教学,将学科、产业优势转化为创新教学资源,提升“两性一度”,实现人才培养与思政教育同频共振,赋能食品学科创新人才培养。     

基于“卓越计划”培养目标的水处理微生物学课程改革研究与实践

水处理微生物学是应用化学专业一门重要的专业基础课。为满足"卓越计划"的培养要求,结合我校现阶段教学中存在的问题,从教学大纲制定、课程内容设置、教学手段与方法改革以及建设课程考试评价体系四方面,对水处理微生物学课程进行了改革与实践。结果表明:通过课程改革与实践,学生的工程实践和科研创新能力得到增强,综合素质得到提高,为卓越工程师的成功培养奠定了基础。     

应用型专业《微生物学实验》教学模式改革及实践

《微生物学实验》是生物、食品、农业、环保及制药类专业的必修基础课。该课程的开展对提高学生的动手能力和应用技术能力至关重要。但是,《微生物学实验》所采用的传统教学方法无法满足应用型技术人才的培养需求。本文在分析当前《微生物学实验》教学中存在的不足,结合生物工程专业的特点,有针对性地从《微生物学实验》课程的授课体系、实验顺序、师资队伍、数字课程建设以及考核方式等提出了相对应的改革思路和完善措施。该课程的改革充分发挥了专业基础课程在应用型人才培养中的作用,达到了提高学生动手能力和应用技术能力的目的,为解决当前应用型人才供需矛盾提供了有效路径。     

医学微生物学课程思政的探索与实践

医学微生物学是医学专业的一门重要基础课程,学生覆盖面广,实用性强。医学微生物学课程中开展思想政治教育是立德树人的根本举措,同时也能提升教学效果。要开展课程思政教学,不仅应该提高教师自身的思政教育能力,同时还要注重思政教学团队的建设。本文详细列举了医学微生物学课程中开展思政教学的一些案例,借此对医学生进行正确的价值引领,从而培养他们强烈的社会责任感、社会公德及良好的职业道德,增强他们的民族自信和文化自信,提升爱国主义情怀。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.