磁珠法快速提取基因组DNA的实验研究

针对临床标本基因组DNA的提取方法缺乏广泛适用性,提取步骤繁琐,需要进行离心操作,并且提取过程中会用到苯酚、氯仿等有机试剂,会对操作人员有一定的危害性等不足,本研究拟建立一种适用于临床标本的基因组DNA快速提取方法。在传统的基因组DNA提取试剂和方法的基础上,本研究采用二氧化硅修饰的超顺磁珠设计了一种基因组DNA快速提取方法;探讨磁珠用量、裂解液p H、盐酸胍浓度等因素对基因组DNA提取效率的影响并采用凝胶电泳实验进行验证。当磁珠用量在50~100μg/100 mg样品,裂解液p H约为6,盐酸胍的浓度为6 mol/L时基因组DNA提取效果好、效率高,且磁珠的用量与吸附表面积成正比,但达到一定用量后不会增加提取量,对于100 mg肺组织,适宜的磁珠用量为80μg。此基因组DNA提取方法高效省时,简便快捷,性价比高,适用临床大量样本基因组DNA提取。     

基于PCR DGGE的小鼠肠道菌群基因组提取方法的建立

通过比较4种小鼠粪便细菌总DNA提取方法对基于PCR-DGGE检测的肠道菌群多样性分析的影响,旨在建立适于PCR—DGGE的小鼠肠道微生物宏基因组提取的稳定、经济、快捷的方法。采用SDS裂解法、某国产市售粪便DNA提取试剂盒、改进的化学裂解法、改进的溶菌酶法4种方法提取小鼠粪便细菌总DNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度法、细菌16S rRNAV3区PCR扩增结合DGGE对提取结果进行比较分析。SDS裂解法和国产市售试剂盒2种方法提取粪便细菌总DNA均未得到理想结果,另2种方法均能够检测到粪便中20种左右的细菌。改进的化学裂解法和改进的溶菌酶提取法的建立为基于PCR—DGGE进行肠道菌群结构的定量及定性分析提供了可靠的前提基础和实验保障。     

FTA卡和普通定性滤纸提取DNA方法研究

用FTA采样卡和普通定性滤纸采集藏绵羊血样,采用NaOH法提取血液基因组DNA,利用设计的一对引物对DRB1基因第三外显子进行扩增,通过PCR产物琼脂糖凝胶检测,对普通定性滤纸与FTA采样卡的两种提取DNA的方法进行比较,结果认为采用普通定性滤纸-NaOH法提取血液基因组DNA,NaOH的最佳洗涤浓度是25 mmol/L,采用FTA-NaOH法提取血液基因组DNA,NaOH的最佳洗涤浓度是20 mmol/L,但普通定性滤纸法提取血液基因组DNA平均成本远低于FTA采样卡,普通定性滤纸法提取血液基因组DNA具有快速、便捷、经济及高效的特点.     

一种提取全血基因组DNA的改良方法

目的:将碘化钾法和试剂盒法相结合,建立一种安全无毒、快速、经济、有效的提取全血基因组DNA的方法。方法:用0.2%Na Cl裂解红细胞收集全血中的白细胞,用5 mol/L KI裂解白细胞膜,再用试剂盒提取DNA,采用紫外分光光度仪、凝胶电泳、荧光定量PCR进行检测。结果:本法提取300μL抗凝血可得基因组DNA 5~12μg,D260nm/D280nm为1.86±0.02。原本提取100次全血基因组DNA的试剂量提升到可提取200次。结论:改良法提高了试剂盒的使用率,所得基因组DNA稳定,是一种操作简便、快速高效并节省试验经费的提取方法。     

苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较

目的:比较不同方法提取苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA的差异。方法:用经典CTAB提取法、改进CTAB法(溶菌酶处理结合CTAB提取法)、UniQ柱吸附提取法制备苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA,比较产物完整性和用于PCR扩增的有效性。结果:三种方法制备基因组DNA纯度接近,但改进CTAB法产率最高,UniQ法产率最低。经典CTAB法和UniQ法提取基因组DNA易降解。三种方法所得基因组DNA用于PCR扩增效率接近。结论:溶菌酶裂解结合CTAB提取更适合制备苛求芽孢杆菌基因组DNA。     

煤地质环境微生物总基因组DNA提取方法的优化

高质量的DNA是进行分子生物学研究的基础。通过对传统DNA抽提方法(酚-氯仿法)进行改进,并以Rhodococcus sp.R04和煤粉为实验材料对细胞破碎条件进行优化,建立了一种可用于煤地质环境微生物基因组DNA高效提取的改良方法。以改良法和商业试剂盒提取煤地质环境微生物基因组DNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、细菌及古菌特异性片段的PCR扩增来评价所提取DNA的质量。改良法和试剂盒法均能获得煤地质环境微生物基因组DNA,并能用于多种特异性PCR扩增。与试剂盒提取的DNA相比,改良法获得的DNA片段主带明显,约占总DNA含量的50%,分子量大小接近23 kb,并且提取量大,约为试剂盒的5-10倍。同时,能用于如DNA文库构建和宏基因组测序等。此外,改良法所用试剂普通,价格便宜,提取的煤地质环境微生物基因组DNA质量较高,适于实验室和科学研究。     

黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA提取方法的优化

目的 为快速地提取到质量较好的黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA进行白蚁种群多样性的研究,对基因组DNA提取方法进行了比较与改进.方法 先初步采取CTAB法与蛋白酶K法对黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA的提取方法进行比较,再利用正交设计法对蛋白酶K法中裂解液、蛋白酶、RNA酶及作用时间4个因素进行优化.结果 蛋白酶K法获得的基因组DNA的质量与产量稍优于CTAB法;较佳的提取步骤组合为:裂解液150 μL,蛋白酶K 6μL,作用时间1h,RNA酶可不添加.结论 采用优化后的方法获得的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到了清晰、稳定的扩增谱带,完全可用于相关后续实验.     

血液基因组DNA的快速提取方法

目的:研究血液中基因组DNA的简便快速提取方法。方法:取新鲜抗凝血,以红细胞裂解液除去红细胞,再破碎白细胞,除去杂蛋白,获得基因组DNA。结果:所得基因组DNA完整、无断裂,含量和纯度均较高。以所提基因组DNA作为模板能很好的扩增出p21因子启动子序列,因此该法所提取的DNA是完整可靠的。结论:该法能简便、快速、安全、廉价的提取血液中的基因组DNA,并适用于临床检测和分子生物学研究。     

短序十大功劳基因组总DNA提取方法研究

以短序大功劳嫩叶为材料,采用CTAB法、CTAB改良法1、CTAB改良法2、SDS法和试剂盒法五种方法提取短序十大功劳基因组总DNA,用分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测所得总DNA的纯度和得率,用ISSR-PCR扩增的方法检测所得总DNA的质量。结果表明,五种方法均能从短序大功劳叶片中提取到基因组DNA,但不同方法提取得的基因组DNA的纯度、浓度和得率存在明显的差异。CTAB改良法2和试剂盒法提取的DNA纯度高,可直接用于下游分子生物学实验,CTAB法、CTAB改良法1和SDS法提取的总DNA质量较差,不利于下游的分子生物学实验;五种方法提取的总DNA的得率在10.836~451.709μg/g之间,呈CTAB法>SDS法>CTAB改良法1>CTAB改良法2>试剂盒法的现象。此实验获得的结果可以为短序十大功劳分子生物学研究提供基础。     

人类肠道菌群DNA提取影响因素的研究

目的研究提取人类粪便中细菌基因组DNA的影响因素。方法采用溶菌酶和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)+石英砂+酚-氯仿抽提法提取粪便标本中细菌DNA,用PCR扩增细菌16SrDNA。比较不同粪便量,不同放置时间,不同放置温度下的粪便细菌DNA浓度及纯度改变;用Chao index评测高通量测序的结果。结果采用20mg粪便量提取出的细菌DNA的浓度最高;常温下放置3h后,提取的细菌DNA的浓度开始下降;在-20℃放置12h后,细菌DNA的浓度开始下降;-70℃放置48h后细菌DNA的浓度开始下降;样品纯度均在1.8以上;Chao index曲线趋于平缓表明测序数据量足够大。结论提取肠道细菌基因组DNA时,粪便标本取样量以20mg为宜,常温下粪便标本放置不超过2h,本研究所使用的方法所提取的DNA浓度可以达到高通量测序的样本要求。     

A method for extraction of high-quality and high-quantity genomic DNA generally applicable to pathogenic bacteria.

In this study, we report a modified procedure for extraction of high-quality genomic DNA that is rapid, simple, biologically nonhazardous, and generally applicable to pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial cells were pretreated with 70% ethanol prior to enzymatic digestion with lysozyme. Exposure of bacterial cells to 70% ethanol sterilized the cultures, making the process biologically safe and increased the susceptibility of the cells to lysozyme-induced lysis. Consistently high yields of genomic DNA (mean average yield, 0.5-2.5 mg/ml) were obtained from 465 isolates representing over 30 clinically important bacterial species. Genomic DNA obtained was determined to be suitable for further analysis, including bacterial fingerprinting techniques like restriction endonuclease analysis, Southern hybridization, and repetitive PCR. Availability of a generally applicable procedure for extraction of high-quality and high-quantity genomic DNA would be immensely beneficial for laboratories engaged in molecular surveillance of nosocomial and community-based outbreaks.     

红豆杉属植物三种不同总DNA提取方法的分析比较

红豆杉属植物均为濒危物种,也是国家一级保护植物.以红豆杉属植物叶片为材料,利用三种不同的DNA提取方法提取总DNA,用分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测所得总DNA的得率和纯度,用PCR扩增的方法检测所得总DNA的质量,并对三种不同提取方法的结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:CTAB法提取的DNA纯度和得率均较高,可直接用...     

DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition.

A simple, rapid method for bacterial lysis and direct extraction of DNA from soils with minimal shearing was developed to address the risk of chimera formation from small template DNA during subsequent PCR. The method was based on lysis with a high-salt extraction buffer (1.5 M NaCl) and extended heating (2 to 3 h) of the soil suspension in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and proteinase K. The extraction method required 6 h and was tested on eight soils differing in organic carbon, clay content, and pH, including ones from which DNA extraction is difficult. The DNA fragment size in crude extracts from all soils was > 23 kb. Preliminary trials indicated that DNA recovery from two soils seeded with gram-negative bacteria was 92 to 99%. When the method was tested on all eight unseeded soils, microscopic examination of indigenous bacteria in soil pellets before and after extraction showed variable cell lysis efficiency (26 to 92%). Crude DNA yields from the eight soils ranged from 2.5 to 26.9 micrograms of DNA g-1, and these were positively correlated with the organic carbon content in the soil (r = 0.73). DNA yields from gram-positive bacteria from pure cultures were two to six times higher when the high-salt-SDS-heat method was combined with mortar-and-pestle grinding and freeze-thawing, and most DNA recovered was of high molecular weight. Four methods for purifying crude DNA were also evaluated for percent recovery, fragment size, speed, enzyme restriction, PCR amplification, and DNA-DNA hybridization. In general, all methods produced DNA pure enough for PCR amplification. Since soil type and microbial community characteristics will influence DNA recovery, this study provides guidance for choosing appropriate extraction and purification methods on the basis of experimental goals.     

Rapid extraction of plasmids from Clostridium perfringens.

Two rapid methods were evaluated for their extraction of plasmids from Clostridium perfringens. The first method involved lysis of 1 to 2 ml of C. perfringens culture by treatment with hyaluronidase, lysozyme, and sarcosyl. DNA, extracted with phenol-chloroform, was treated with RNase, boiled, and electrophoresed in a 1.2% agarose gel. The second method involved lysis of 2 ml of culture by lysozyme treatment and extraction with alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Extracted DNA was treated with RNase, boiled, and electrophoresed in a 0.7% agarose gel. Of 57 strains of C. perfringens analyzed by both extraction procedures, 11 were shown to have plasmids by the alkaline SDS method which were missed by the phenol-chloroform extraction method. These new plasmids were of higher molecular mass and ranged up to 68 megadaltons. Use of the DNase inhibitor diethyl pyrocarbonate did not further improve the yield of plasmid DNA. An additional 159 isolates of C. perfringens screened by the alkaline SDS method revealed plasmids up to 80 megadaltons in mass and an overall plasmid carriage rate of 69%.     

Rapid extraction of plasmids from Clostridium perfringens

Two rapid methods were evaluated for their extraction of plasmids from Clostridium perfringens. The first method involved lysis of 1 to 2 ml of C. perfringens culture by treatment with hyaluronidase, lysozyme, and sarcosyl. DNA, extracted with phenol-chloroform, was treated with RNase, boiled, and electrophoresed in a 1.2% agarose gel. The second method involved lysis of 2 ml of culture by lysozyme treatment and extraction with alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Extracted DNA was treated with RNase, boiled, and electrophoresed in a 0.7% agarose gel. Of 57 strains of C. perfringens analyzed by both extraction procedures, 11 were shown to have plasmids by the alkaline SDS method which were missed by the phenol-chloroform extraction method. These new plasmids were of higher molecular mass and ranged up to 68 megadaltons. Use of the DNase inhibitor diethyl pyrocarbonate did not further improve the yield of plasmid DNA. An additional 159 isolates of C. perfringens screened by the alkaline SDS method revealed plasmids up to 80 megadaltons in mass and an overall plasmid carriage rate of 69%.     

沼气池污泥微生物总DNA提取方法的比较

沼气发酵系统是一个复杂的生态系统,其污泥微生物超过99%是不可培养的。为了优化沼气池纤维素的转化效率、沼气的产率和开展污泥微生物多样性研究,本研究采用化学裂解法、溶菌酶裂解法和QIAampDNA Stool Mini Kit提取了沼气池污泥样品中微生物的总DNA,对三种方法的DNA得率、纯度、大片段提取效果以及是否含有PCR反应抑制剂进行了研究,最后对16S rRNA基因V3区的扩增产物进行了PCR变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)分析。与化学裂解法和QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit法相比,溶菌酶裂解法得到的DNA量大、片段长、片段分布广、PCR扩增效率高;同时PCR-DGGE图谱显示,溶菌酶裂解法可更好地展示沼气池污泥中微生物的多样性。该结果为进一步提高沼气池中纤维素的转化效率和沼气生产优势菌种的质和量打下了一定的前期基础。     

一种从活性污泥中提取微生物总DNA的方法

对活性污泥的微生物群落进行研究的首要前提是获得大量的高纯度微生物基因组DNA。本文建立了一种高效、简便的提取活性污泥总DNA方法。从提取的核酸总量、纯度、基因组完整性等多方面对所得到的DNA质量进行了评价,结果表明,本法从单位活性污泥中提取的DNA得率为105-823μg/g,结构完整,纯度很高,无需进一步的纯化,可直接进行微生物群落分析及构建文库等后续分子生物学操作。现在实验室使用的提取活性污泥中DNA的方法,纯度普遍都无法达到PCR反应和建立文库的要求,本文建立的活性污泥DNA提取方法则可以克服这一难题。     

Development of a method for alkaline extraction of DNA from Brucella for diagnosing brucellosis using the polymerase chain reaction

Several methods of alkaline extraction of chromosome DNA from Brucella in the presence of 50 microliters model diagnostic material blood serum are developed for the diagnosis of brucellosis by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These methods are based on the capacity of NaOH to effectively denature proteins and destroy Brucella cell wall, thus isolating the genome DNA without exposure to proteolytic enzymes, detergents, deproteinization, or pH neutralization. The first method consists in alkaline lysis by 0.2-1.0 M NaOH followed by DNA precipitation with two ethanol volumes in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl, washing of the resultant precipitate in 80% ethanol, drying of the precipitate, and dissolving in distilled water. The second method includes alkaline lysis in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl with NaOH concentrations of 0.5-4.3 M and the stages of DNA sedimentation, washing of precipitate, its drying and dissolving similar to those in alkaline lysis. The third method consists in alkaline lysis-precipitation by 0.2-05 M NaOH in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl and 64% ethanol, followed by DNA preparation stages similar to those in alkaline lysis. The best results were achieved by alkaline lysis in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl at NaOH concentrations of 0.7 and 2.1 M, which meant theoretical levels of sensitivity 140 and 86 Brucella cells, respectively.     

An optimized DNA extraction and purification method from dairy manure compost for genetic diversity analysis

An unbiased DNA extraction protocol is necessary for analysis of genetic diversity, particularly, of genes in complex environmental samples by nucleic acid techniques. In the present study, three manual extraction methods and two commonly used commercial kits, which were accompanied by two DNA purification strategies, were compared based on cell lysis efficiency, DNA and humic acid yields, PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results show that in spite of higher cell lysis efficiencies of the two commercial kits, the purified DNA yields were only one-third of that obtained by the two manual methods of FTSP (Freeze–thaw–SDS–Protein K) and FTSPP (Freeze–thaw–SDS–Protein K-Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone). The purified DNA from all five methods was pure enough for successful PCR and real-time PCR amplifications in the presence of 1 μg μL^?1 BSA. However, the FTSPP extraction method with DNA purification by a Wizard^® kit yielded the largest number of 16S rRNA gene copies and ribotypes or bands in DGGE profiles, which indicated a superiority over the other four methods. The development of this optimized DNA extraction and purification method may provide a valuable tool for further molecular analysis of compost.