一株抗重金属铜镉细菌的分离、鉴定及其16S rDNA的序列分析*

从湖北省大冶市矿区土壤中分离到一株高抗铜和镉的菌株,命名为NTG-01。该菌株可以单抗4.5mmol/L的铜和2mmol/L的镉,因此它是研究抗铜或镉机制的重要菌株。对分离到的NTG-01进行了形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析。结果显示菌株NTG-01为细菌,革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状,鞭毛周生,菌体大小约为0.8μm×2.0μm,V-P实验阳性,甲基红实验阴性,利用葡萄糖产酸产气;通过对菌株NTG-01的16S rDNA序列进行测定和同源性比对,发现它与产气肠杆菌的16S rDNA有高达     

一株神经节苷脂内切糖苷酶产生菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

从土壤微生物中筛选得到一株产神经节苷脂内切糖苷酶的菌株YW2112, 该酶能特异性水解神经节苷脂中连接神经酰胺和寡糖链之间的糖苷键,是研究神经节苷脂结构与功能的重要工具酶。对分离菌株YW2112进行了形态、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析。菌株YW2112为细菌,革兰氏染色阴性,直杆状, 鞭毛周生,菌体大小为(0.6μm～1μm)×(1μm～3μm),V-P实验阳性,甲基红阴性,利用葡萄糖产酸产气。以16S rDNA同源性为基础构建了包括11株相关种属细菌在内的系统发育树,在系统发育树中,分离菌株YW2112 与Enterobacter cloacae 在同一分支,二者的序列相似性为98.6% ,结合形态和生理生化鉴定,将其鉴定为阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）。     

一株引起马来甜龙竹组培污染内生菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】对一株引起马来甜龙竹组培污染内生菌的分离与鉴定。【方法】采用改良的NA培养基分离纯化菌株,并通过菌体的形态结构观察、生理生化试验及其16SrDNA序列同源性分析对其进行鉴定。【结果】菌株SWFU01的形态特征及生理生化试验结果与解淀粉芽孢杆菌[Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(Fukumoto)Priest et al.]的描述基本相同;16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌株与解淀粉芽孢杆菌JS在同一系统发育分支,其同源性为99.28%。【结论】综合形态学特征、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析的研究结果,菌株SWFU01被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。     

一株有脱硅作用的产气肠杆菌的筛选和鉴定

生物选矿以能耗低、污染少、适用于贫矿等优点而日益受到人们的关注。选矿菌种的分离和鉴定是进行生物选矿的首要环节。从菜园土中筛选到菌株S2-1,用该菌对伊利石矿粉进行了浸矿脱硅的实验,测得接种S2-1的溶液中的硅的浓度是对照液中的167.07%,说明S2-1对伊利石有脱硅作用。通过形态特征的观察,生理生化特性的测试,以及16S rRNA序列的比对分析,对菌株S2-1进行了鉴定。结果显示S2-1呈两端钝圆的短杆状,大小约1.3~1.5μm×0.4~0.6μm,革兰氏染色阴性,有端生鞭毛;生理生化特性的多项测试中大多数与产气肠杆菌(E.aerogenes)相同;16S rRNA序列的比对分析与产气肠杆菌(E.aerogenes)AF395913的同源性最高。实验结果表明S2-1属于产气肠杆菌(E.aerogenes)。本文还对产气肠杆菌的脱硅条件进行实验,结果表明,S2-1脱硅的最适条件是温度30℃,起始pH值7.0,装液量60 mL和转速200 r/min。     

兼性厌氧纤维素菌的分离与系统发育分析*

从四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心提供的野外放归大熊猫“祥祥”的粪样中,分离到一株产纤维素酶的兼性厌氧菌株。该菌株经初步生理生化鉴定为肠杆菌科沙雷氏菌(Serratia),命名为Serratia JF-1116。用PCR技术扩增了该菌的16S rDNA全序列,并对其进行了克隆和测序,对该序列在GenBank中的BLAST结果表明,所有与该序列高度同源的序列均为肠杆菌科的16S rDNA基因序列,选取同源性高的菌株的16S rDNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,菌株与3株Serr     

内蒙古碱湖中紫色非硫光合细菌的分离和鉴定

从内蒙古碱湖水样中分离得到一株紫色非硫光合细菌,命名为JH1-6.对该菌株进行了形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、活细胞吸收光谱以及16S rDNA序列分析.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明该菌株与沼泽红假单胞菌的16S rDNA序列同源性高达99%,结合形态特征和生理生化特性以及活细胞吸收光谱特征等,确定菌株JH1- 6在分类地位上属于沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris).     

中药中耐辐射微生物的分离与鉴定

从中成药(金锁丸)中分离获得一种耐辐射的细菌。经过形态观察、生理生化特征分析及16 S rDNA碱基序列测定和同源性分析,鉴定该菌株为弯曲芽孢杆菌(Bacillus flexus),该菌株的16 S rDNA序列已在Gen-Bank中注册,登录号为AB021185.1。     

一株果胶酶产生菌HDYM-02的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

对1株从沤麻液中分离的果胶酶产生菌HDYM-02进行了形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,结果表明该菌株为革兰染色阳性,菌体大小为(1~1.2)×(2.7~2.9)μm,最适生长温度为33~35℃之间,最适生长pH为6.5~7.0。以该菌株16S rDNA序列同源性为基础,比对分析发现其与蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的同源性高达99.5%。     

斑点叉尾鮰一株致病菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生急性流行性传染病的斑点叉尾肝、肾分离到一高致病性的菌株(CCF00024),经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌。对该菌的形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其为非发酵型,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不能利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR阴性。在以该菌16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号AY970826)和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia)聚在一簇,特别是与S.maltophiliaM5-1的同源性最高,其序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)。     

一株产红色素菌株及对其红色素结构的鉴定

从土壤中分离到一株产红色素的细菌H31,根据该菌株的16S rDNA序列与GenBank中已有序列比对的结果,并结合菌落形态和常规生理生化鉴定方法对该菌株进行鉴定,结果表明:该菌在细菌分类学上属于肠杆菌科,其与黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)同源性最高,但该菌株生理生化实验中的赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶以及精氨酸双水解酶实验与报道的S. marcescens的结果不一致,为一株新的黏质沙雷氏菌S. marcescens H31。通过紫外光谱、质谱和核磁共振等方法分析,确定其产生的红色素为灵菌红素。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.