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对应用突变体研究细胞分裂素信号转导、细胞分裂素受体以及参与细胞分裂素信号转导相关的蛋白质作了简要介绍;并且对细胞分裂素信号途径进行了推测:细胞分裂素被受体(CKI1、IBC6或者GCR1)接受后,经传导系统转化形成特定的信息,一方面可能调节基因的表达,从而可能调节受体水平,导致细胞对细胞分裂素浓度应答范围发生改变,另外,基因表达使细胞产生相关的生理反应;另一方面形成的特定信息可能激活MAPK级联途径(mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade),导致细胞产生相关的生理反应。 相似文献
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迄今为止,已从多种植物中分离到细胞分裂素结合蛋白(CBPs),它们可能在细胞分裂素的信号转导、体内运输及代谢中起作用。根据现有研究结果认为,大多数CTKs受体可能位于膜上,通过与G_蛋白耦联的信号转导系统或双组分信号转导系统完成CTKs信号的跨膜转导。少数CTKs受体可能位于细胞质中,与胞内CTKs结合后进入细胞核,直接调节基因的表达。本文综述了近年来对CBPs的研究进展,分析了CTKs受体的可能类型及CBPs作用的可能机制。 相似文献
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在高等植物中, 细胞分裂素通过对细胞分裂与分化的调节而广泛参与了对植物生长发育的调控。在过去的10余年, 利用模式植物拟南芥的研究, 在阐明细胞分裂素的代谢、转运与信号转导等方面取得了重要的进展。同时, 关于细胞分裂素与其它信号途径之间存在的广泛交叉反应也受到了人们的注意。根据我们现有的知识, 细胞分裂素信号转导是通过磷酸基团在一个双元组分系统之间的系列传递而完成的, 该过程被称之为“磷酸接力传递”(phosphorelay)。细胞分裂素与其它信号途径的互作可能也主要是通过双元组分系统链接的。双元组分系统中目前已知的主要信号元件不仅表现出功能冗余性, 同时在调控特定的植物生长发育过程时也具有特异性。本文在对细胞分裂素的代谢与转运过程简要评述的基础上,对其信号转导以及与其它信号途径间交叉反应的研究进展进行重点讨论, 并展望细胞分裂素研究对重要农业性状改良的意义。 相似文献
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细胞分裂素:代谢、信号转导、交叉反应与农艺性状改良 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在高等植物中,细胞分裂素通过对细胞分裂与分化的调节而广泛参与了对植物生长发育的调控。在过去的10余年,利用模式植物拟南芥的研究,在阐明细胞分裂素的代谢、转运与信号转导等方面取得了重要的进展。同时,关于细胞分裂素与其它信号途径之间存在的广泛交叉反应也受到了人们的注意。根据我们现有的知识,细胞分裂素信号转导是通过磷酸基团在一个双元组分系统之间的系列传递而完成的,该过程被称之为“磷酸接力传递”(phosphorelay)。细胞分裂素与其它信号途径的互作可能也主要是通过双元组分系统链接的。双元组分系统中目前已知的主要信号元件不仅表现出功能冗余性,同时在调控特定的植物生长发育过程时也具有特异性。本文在对细胞分裂素的代谢与转运过程简要评述的基础上,对其信号转导以及与其它信号途径间交叉反应的研究进展进行重点讨论,并展望细胞分裂素研究对重要农业性状改良的意义。 相似文献
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微生物产生的细胞分裂素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
微生物产生的细胞分裂素贾小明(浙江农业大学环保系,杭州310029)细胞分裂素(cytokinin)是一类重要的植物激素。它的主要生理功能是刺激细胞分裂,促进侧芽发育,维持蛋白质和核酸的合成,延缓离休叶片衰老等作用。细胞分裂素可用于蔬菜保鲜、防衰和延... 相似文献
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THOMAS SCHRADER MICHAEL MAUE MANUEL ELLERMANN 《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2013,33(5-6):473-485
Multifunctional transmembrane-building blocks with recognition sites for adrenaline on one end and the reaction partners for an SN2 reaction on the opposite end have been embedded in DPPC-liposomes. These doped vesicles can be quantitatively reduced at their disulfide head groups by externally added reducing agents; their composition and chemical processes taking place within can be monitored by NMR spectroscopy and–with limitations—by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Attempted release of thiopyridine as a second messenger into the interior of the liposome on external adrenaline addition could not be proven unambiguously because the detection system does not fulfill the necessary rigorous specificity and sensitivity requirements. 相似文献
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乙烯信号传导的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物内源激素乙烯作为信号分子通过信号传导途径调节相关基因表达 ,控制植物体的多种生理活动。乙烯信号传导途径中的许多基因已被克隆定性 ,综述了乙烯信号传导途径中的相关基因的功能及乙烯信号传导模式。 相似文献
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Glutathione and Signal Transduction in the Mammalian CNS 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
R. Janáky† K. Ogita‡ B. A. Pasqualotto§ J. S. Bains S. S. Oja† Y. Yoneda‡ & C. A. Shaw§ 《Journal of neurochemistry》1999,73(3):889-902
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) has been thoroughly investigated in relation to its role as antioxidant and free radical scavenger. In recent years, novel actions of GSH in the nervous system have also been described, suggesting that GSH may serve additionally both as a neuromodulator and as a neurotransmitter. In the present article, we describe our studies to explore further a potential role of GSH as neuromodulator/neurotransmitter. These studies have used a combination of methods, including radioligand binding, synaptic release and uptake assays, and electrophysiological recording. We report here the characteristics of GSH binding sites, the interrelationship of GSH with the NMDA receptor, and the effects of GSH on neural activity. Our results demonstrate that GSH binds via its gamma-glutamyl moiety to ionotropic glutamate receptors. At micromolar concentrations GSH displaces excitatory agonists, acting to halt their physiological actions on target neurons. At millimolar concentrations, GSH, acting through its free cysteinyl thiol group, modulates the redox site of NMDA receptors. As such modulation has been shown to increase NMDA receptor channel currents, this action may play a significant role in normal and abnormal synaptic activity. In addition, GSH in the nanomolar to micromolar range binds to at least two populations of binding sites that appear to be distinct from all known excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes. GSH bound to these sites is not displaceable by glutamatergic agonists or antagonists. These binding sites, which we believe to be distinct receptor populations, appear to recognize the cysteinyl moiety of the GSH molecule. Like NMDA receptors, the GSH binding sites possess a coagonist site(s) for allosteric modulation. Furthermore, they appear to be linked to sodium ionophores, an interpretation supported by field potential recordings in rat cerebral cortex that reveal a dose-dependent depolarization to applied GSH that is blocked by the absence of sodium but not by lowering calcium or by NMDA or (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate antagonists. The present data support a reevaluation of the role of GSH in the nervous system in which GSH may be involved both directly and indirectly in synaptic transmission. A full accounting of the actions of GSH may lead to more comprehensive understanding of synaptic function in normal and disease states. 相似文献
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赤霉素信号转导与植物的矮化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述近年来在拟南芥、水稻等模式植物中赤霉素信号转导的研究进展。通过对赤霉素相关突变体的生理研究 ,鉴定出几个介入赤霉素信号转导过程的重要基因 ,并对这些基因的产物进行分析 ,根据相应的蛋白特征结构域 ,推导了它们可能具有的功能。利用双突变体 ,分析了这些基因的上下游关系 ,确定了在植物中 ,GA信号转导的几个途径。在此基础上提出了赤霉素信号转导的基本模式 :阻遏是GA信号转导过程中最基本的方式 ,GA信号通过去除阻遏作用来激活转导途径 ,从而调节GA相关的生长与发育。 相似文献
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植物中的MAPK及其在信号传导中的作用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)是一类存在于真核生物中的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。同动物和酵母中MAPKs类似,植物中的MAPK级联途径也是由MAPKs、MAPKKs、MAPKKKs三种类型的激酶组成。植物细胞内受体接受外界刺激信号,然后依次磷酸化激活MAPKKKs、MAPKKs和MAPKs,并影响相关基因表达。目前已经从植物中分离到一些MAPKs、MAPKKs和MAPKKKs,它们参与了植物激素、生物胁迫及非生物胁迫等过程的信号传导。介绍了植物响应外界环境胁迫过程中,不同机制和因子对MAPKs级联途径的调控。 相似文献
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研究显示应力刺激对软骨细胞生长及基质代谢具重要作用。软骨正常结构形态以及应力下的软骨细胞形态和基质代谢的变化是力-生物信号转化的基础,信号分子及信号通路则是应力信号传导的核心,二者是对软骨细胞应力下信号传导过程深入了解不可或缺的信息组成,了解应力对软骨细胞的作用方式及作用机制有助于软骨相关疾病诊治、组织工程等领域的研究,本文就这两个方面研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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Ethylene Receptors: Ethylene Perception and Signal Transduction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Brenda P. Hall Samina N. Shakeel G. Eric Schaller 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2007,26(2):118-130
Ethylene is sensed by a family of receptors that can be divided into two subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis and some
shared structural features. In this review we focus on the mechanistic aspects of how the receptors function in plants to
transduce the ethylene signal. Recent work has led to new insights into how ethylene binds to the receptors and how this binding
may induce a conformational change to regulate signaling. Additional studies point to several possible mechanisms for signal
output by the receptors, which may involve changes in enzymatic activity and/or conformational changes. Other studies indicate
the importance of interactions, both physical and genetic, between the receptors and early components of the signaling pathway,
in particular, the Raf-like kinase CTR1, which functions as an integral component of the ethylene receptor signaling complex.
The current model for signaling in Arabidopsis supports differing contributions from the receptors, with subfamily-1 receptors playing a more significant role than the
subfamily-2 receptors in transmitting the ethylene signal. 相似文献