中国植物区系地理及植物生态地理中值得讨论的若干名称问题

本文提出在植物区系分区中用“亚洲东部森林植物亚区”及“横断山脉—喜马拉雅山脉森林植物亚区”代替原来“中国—日本森林植物亚区”及“中国—喜马拉雅森林植物亚区”两名称;对植物生态地理中的“中国亚热带植被带”中引入“温亚热带”、“中亚热带”及“暖亚热带”三亚带名称,代替原来称为“北亚热带”、“中亚热带”及“南亚热带”三亚代的名称。同时在“中国温带植被带”中也引入“寒温带”、“温带”、“暖温带”三亚带名称,代替“北”、“中、“南”亚热带及温带植被亚带的名称,以避免对南、北两半球的亚热带与温带及其亚带的混淆的称谓。     

抗青枯病烟草品种在重庆市武隆烟区的适应性研究

武隆是渝东南烟草青枯病高发烟区之一.为筛选适合重庆渝东南烟区种植的优良青枯病抗性品种,保障渝东南烟区烟草产量和品质,本研究以武隆当地主栽烟草品种“云烟87”和“K326”为研究对象,与近年来选育的青枯病抗性新品种“安烟2号”“安烟3号”“湘烟7号”和“贵烟36”进行对照试验,对各品种的青枯病抗病性、生育期、植物学性状、农艺性状、经济和品质性状等进行综合评价.结果表明,“贵烟36”的青枯病发病率低于“K326”和“云烟87”,病情指数与“K326”相当,低于“云烟87”.其次为“湘烟7号”,“湘烟7号”的发病率和病情指数均略高于“K326”和“云烟87”.“安烟2号”和“安烟3号”表现较差,发病率和病情指数均远高于“K326”和“云烟87”.经济性状显示“湘烟7号”和“贵烟36”每667 m²的产值分别为3 031.8元和3 075.3元,与“云烟87”相当,略低于“K326”;烟叶内在化学成分分析显示“安烟3号”和“湘烟7号”表现较好.综合试验结果表明,“湘烟7号”可进一步在渝东南地区进行验证推广.     

我国蝮属蛇类和尖吻蝮英文名称的建议

“Vipers“ is the English common name for more than 200 species of the family Viperidae. The so called “pit vipers“ is also the English common name for more than 150 species of the subfamily Crotalinae which have a “faclal pit“, an organ on each side of head which functions as a heat receptor. Of course, in countries where the people use English as the mother language there are English names for most snakes found in their own country. For example, the pit-viper species Agkistrodon contortrix is called “copperhead“, and Agkistrodon piscivorus is called “cottonmouth“ or “water moccasin“ in the USA. Also, another pit-viper, Agkistrodon bilineatus, is called “cantil“ by the people in Mexico and South America. In Japan, there has only one species belonging to the genus Glo3dius, i.e., Gloydius blornhoffii. According to its Japanese pronunciation, it has an English name by spelling of English alphabets as “mamushi“. Up to date, there are more than ten species recognized in the genus Gloydius. Among them , most are found in China. But there is no English common name especially for those species. After my detail studying, I certainly believe that there a Chinese word, “腹“ (according to Chinese pronunciation, it may be spelled by English alphabets as “Fu“) especially for the pit-viper species since 500 to 300 years B.C. During the following 2500 years, the snake name “Fu“ appeared in many ancient Chinese boaks dealing about dictionary (the “Ya“ course), drug boaks (Ben Cao), and even literature boaks or papers. So, the author of this paper used “腹“ as Chinese name for all the Gloydius species as well as for Deinagkistrodon acutus, because the latter was never included in the same genus. In this paper the author would suggest to use the English alphabet spelling “Fu“ plus “s“ (Fus) as an English name for the genus Gloydius, and “Fu “ as the English name of all the Gloydius species found in China and other places (excluding Gloydius blomhoffii found only in Japan, which still would keep its Japanese name “mamushi“). Besides, using “Sharp-snouted Fu“ as an English name of the genus Deinagkistrodon as well as species name of Deinagkistrodon acutus.     

关于护士职业价值观文献回顾研究

通过对近些年关于护理人员职业价值观研究的回顾与总结,对关键词“价值观”“工作价值观”“职业价值观”“护士职业价值观”“护士工作价值观”“护生价值观”“护生职业价值观”“护生工作价值观”“医学生职业价值观”“组织价值观”“道德价值观”进行网络检索。针对护理人员职业价值观内涵的总结与界定,形成构成护理人员职业价值观因素分析,提出研究护理人员职业价值观时代新意。     

基因漫谈

“基因”的最初概念来自于孟德尔的“遗传因子”,在写法上取自德·弗里斯提出的泛生子“pangene”最后的一个音节,即“gene”,有“给予生命”之义。1909年,丹麦植物学家约翰逊用“基因”作为精确术语,取代了孟德尔“遗传因子”的模糊概念。模糊的遗传因子在“遗传因子”被正式承认以前,科学家用来表述的相近词儿很多,比如,英国哲学家斯宾塞提出的“生理     

释"肙"

“肙”的小篆形体为上“□”下“肉”的会意字。“肙”字从肉,即该小虫为软体状,而“肙”字上方的“□”,则用来说明下方部件“肉”所表示的软体小虫的截面为圆状。     

大豆光合速率和气孔导度对水分胁迫的响应

土壤水分胁迫使两个供试大豆品种(系)光合速率和气孔导度降低,“鲁豆四号”降低的幅度大于小粒大豆品系“7605”。在相同的叶水势下,“7605”的光合速率和气孔导度均高于“鲁豆四号”,但“7605”气孔随水势下降而关闭的速率大于“鲁豆四号”。水分胁迫使叶片温度升高,“7605”比“鲁豆四号”升温较快,但在同一水分处理中,“鲁豆四号”的叶温高于“7605”。水分胁迫降低了大豆的水分利用效率,且“鲁豆四号”降低的速率大于“7605”。结果表明,“7605”对水分胁迫具有较好的适应能力。     

中国麻竹笋的开发利用

麻竹(Sinocalamus latifiorus Mc Clure)又名“甜竹”、“大叶鸟竹”、“笋母竹”、“六月麻”、“八月麻”、“大头典竹”、“坭竹”、“沙麻竹”、“粗麻竹”、“挲摩竹”、“苏麻竹”,具有生长最快、成材早、笋产量高、用途广的特点。麻竹笋营养丰富,为制罐的好材料,是国际市场畅销产品。因此,值得大力发展。     

大熊猫古称考(中)

“驺虞”考至今,一般人依然认为“驺虞”与“白虎”是传说中的神奇动物。经过分析研究,我们认为古人对它们既包含相当的神话成分,也存在不无一定道理的真实物种记载。1“驺虞”与“白虎”同物异名古人关于“驺虞”就有多种说法①:或认为是人,或认为是动物;对于“人”与“动物”     

罗布红麻（简介）

罗布红麻(LOP KENDER)：俄罗斯语称“肯特尔”(Kender)维吾尔语称“克孜其干”蒙古语称“阿洛松”,藏语称“扎哈”,新疆及甘肃的汉族和回族通称“野麻”,明代《救荒本草》称“泽漆”,近代新疆人称“小花罗布麻”,[夹竹桃科,学名：罗布麻属罗布麻Apocynum venetum Linn．]     

罗布红麻（简介）

罗布红麻(LOP KENDER)：俄罗斯语称“肯特尔”(Kender)维吾尔语称“克孜其干”蒙古语称“阿洛松”,藏语称“扎哈”,新疆及甘肃的汉族和回族通称“野麻”,明代《救荒本草》称“泽漆”,近代新疆人称“小花罗布麻”,[夹竹桃科,学名：罗布麻属罗布麻Apocynum venetum Linn．]     

大学校园记忆的开放空间建构浅论

通过梳理大学校园历史发展脉络,认为校园开放空间是个体记忆和集体记忆的物质载体。通过记忆机制存在的校园开放空间对构建师生身份认知,塑造场所精神、延续历史文脉、构建校园文化有着重要的意义。校园的开放空间营造可分为“场所营造”和“特征营造”两大内容,分别对应校园的物质和精神层面。在分析校园记忆特征的基础上,认为校园记忆具有可建构性,从而提出校园记忆的开放空间建构的5对基本要素—“事件”与“叙事”,“身体”与“运动”,“交流”与“知识”,“场域”与“景物”,“纪念物”与“符号”。     

"占群"还是"挑战"?不同时间限制条件下麋鹿个体的交配计策

在麋鹿的发情交配季节 ,雄性麋鹿可区分为 3种类型 :“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”。“群主”是一头圈占并控制雌鹿活动的优势雄性。“挑战者”不占有雌性繁殖群 ,但在发情场附近地点展示炫耀。当雌性繁殖群的雌鹿外出采食靠近“挑战者”的展示炫耀地点时 ,“挑战者”会积极地寻求机会与之交配。“单身汉”在繁殖季节不表现发情行为。他们像非繁殖季节一样采食 ,采食后蹲在水塘中休息。我们对何种因素决定麋鹿个体的发情交配计策感兴趣。 1996至 1998年夏天 ,我们在北京麋鹿苑观察麋鹿发情交配行为以分析导致这些行为差异的原因。结果发现 ,“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”用于维持生命的时间预算与用于发情的时间预算成反比 ,并且 ,“群主”、“挑战者”和“单身汉”用于维持生命的时间预算与用于发情的时间预算差异显著。“群主”的绝大部分时间用于发情占群 ,而用于采食、饮水的时间很少 ,所以 ,“群主”在发情期间基本上处于禁食状态 ,靠消耗体内脂肪维持生命。“单身汉”则相反 ,绝大部分时间用于采食、休息和反刍 ,基本上没有发情行为。“挑战者”在发情行为与维持生命行为之间的时间则居于“群主”与“单身汉”之间。交配次数是偏态分布的 ,与雄性发情时间呈正比。“群主”的交配概率最高     

分子标记分析二十三种香型水稻十个食味品质相关基因的基因型

选取23种香型水稻品种为供试材料,利用分子标记检测方法,进行了10个与稻米食味品质相关基因：耽、SSII-3、SBE3、AGPiso、SSIII-2、AGPlar、P比、SSI、ISA、SSIV-2的基因型分析。结果发现,含有最好食味品质基因型的水稻是“2845”;其次是“松香早粳”、“苏沪香粳”、“B1”、“武运2645”、“通运粳”、“银香28”、“香粳49②”、“99983”、“W香99075”、“07-08”、“云粳优15”、“29185”、“南海318”：另外9种香稻,“大华香粳”、“武香14”、“香粳”、“Della光身稻”、“大粒香”、“泰国香稻”、“C香517”、“香稻1号”、“中香1号”都分别含有一些可能会影响稻米食味品质的基因型。开展本研究不仅能够使人们对这些香稻食味品质基因型有一个全面的认识,还可为今后利用分子标记辅助培育优良食味品质香稻新品种和亲本的选择提供重要的基因型信息。     

Identification of peptides inhibiting adhesion of monocytes to the injured vascular endothelial cells through phage-displaying screening

Using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-injured vascular endothelial cells (ECs) as target cells, peptides specifically binding to the injured ECs were screened from a phage-displaying peptide library by using the whole-cell screening technique after three cycles of the ““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““adsorption-elution-amplification““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““ procedure. Positive phage clones were identified by ELISA, and the inserted amino acid sequences in the displaying peptides were deduced from confirmation with DNA sequencing. The adhesion rate of ECs to monocytes was evaluated by cell counting. The activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and the expression levels of caveolin-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by Western blotting. Six positive clones specifically binding to injured ECV304 endothelial cells were selected from fourteen clones. Interestingly, four phages had peptides with tandem leucine, and two of these even shared an identical sequence. Functional analysis demonstrated that the YCPRYVRRKLENELLVL peptide shared by two clones inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, increased nitric oxide concentration in the culture media, and upregulated the expression of caveolin- 1 and eNOS. As a result, the adhesion rate of monocytes to ECV304 cells was significantly reduced by 12.1%. These data suggest that the anti-adhesion effect of these novel peptides is related to the regulation of the caveolin- 1/nitric oxide signal transduction pathway, and could be of use in potential therapeutic agents against certain cardiovascular diseases initiated by vascular endothelial cell damage.     

罗布红麻（简介）

罗布红麻(LOP KENDER)：俄罗斯语称“肯特尔”(Kender)维吾尔语称“克孜其干”蒙古语称“阿洛松”,藏语称“扎哈”,新疆及甘肃的汉族和回族通称“野麻”,明代《救荒本草》称“泽漆”,近代新疆人称“小花罗布麻”,[夹竹桃科,学名：罗布麻属罗布麻Apocynum venetum Linn．]     

“共享平台”下风景园林专业本科课程设计教学改革研究

“共享平台”下的风景园林专业本科课程设计教学改革,融合同济“风景园林学”与“建筑学”“城乡规划学”三位一体的教学特色,以“风景园林规划设计”课程设计为“突出主线”,通过四项课程改革子项,即“建筑与建成环境设计”课程改革子项、“景观设计”课程改革子项、“景观详细规划设计”课程改革子项、“景观总体规划设计”课程改革子项,进行教学计划调整、教学内容重构、教学组织重组等的深化改革研究。从而建构“主线突出,两翼并重,三级分层,相互协同”复合网络化的风景园林本科专业教学内容组织形式框架,实现风景园林专业人才培养从进口至出口的知识、人格、素质和能力（ KAQP）的全面培养目标。     

Proteomics-based identification of proteins with altered expression induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with high incidence in Southern China and South-East Asia. Etiology studies indicate that chemical carcinogen promoters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), are important factors causing NPC development. However, the mechanism of the TPA effect on NPC remains unclear. In the present study, cells from a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma NPC cell line, CNE2, were stimulated by TPA and proteomics technology was carried out to find protein discrepancies between control and TPA-treated cells. Results revealed that TPA treatment in CNE2 cells could upregulate the expression of ““““triosephosphate isomerase““““ and ““““14-3-3 protein sigma““““ and downregulate the expression of ““““reticulocalbin 1 precursor““““, ““““nucleophosmin““““, ““““mitochondrial matrix protein pl precursor““““, and ““““stathmin““““. The changes in the expression of these genes suggested that TPA induced CNE2 cells to antiproliferation and to apoptosis, which was confirmed by subsequent apoptosis detection. Therefore, the effects of TPA on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were distinct from the effects on primary epithelial cells and we suggest reasons for these differences.     

Mycoplasma术语是支原体还是枝原体？

在医学微生物学中出现的Mycoplasma多译为“支原体”,但从其词义而言,将其译为“枝原体”更为合适,这种没有细胞壁,能形成丝状和分枝状的原核细胞微生物,正像Mycobacterium应译为“分枝杆菌属”那样,而不译成“分支杆菌属”。中科院微生物所王祈楷研究员长期从事Mycoplasma的研究,认为它的中文确切定名为一枝原体更适中,尽管“支”与“枝”读音相同,但从其内含而言,用“枝原体属”术语更为恰当,因此,在“中国大百科全书生物学卷”（第一版）以及即将出版的“中国大百科全书”（第二版）中的Mycoplasma均采用“枝原体属”术语名称。山东大学韩贻仁教授也认为Mycoplasma译为“枝原体属”更为恰当,从术语定名而言,最好遵守“一物一名”的原则,避免一物多名。     

麦类品种对麦双尾蚜自然感虫性的初步观察

在新疆伊犁地区1993年和1994年分别观察了195个和36个麦类品种对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia(Mordvilko)的自然感虫性。36个品种两年的结果进行比较表明,感虫率级别相同的品种有18个,占50%;其中“一粒小麦”稳定地表现为不感虫性;感虫率稳定地表现在20%以下的品种有13个,即“86-2-4-2-3-3”、“京772”、“M85 189”、“T579”、“永良13”、“T494”、“浮纳尔”、 “Mg4521”、 “广引74”、“Mg5824”、“Mg8586”、“T1008”和“短芒黑边红”; 感虫率稳定在20%～40%的品种2个,即“额敏黑芒”和“白长穗”; 感虫率稳定在40%～60%的品种2个,即“黑芒红”和“勾毛白”。其余品种,有14个两年的感虫率相差一个级别（20%）;“黑芒长穗”、“高原602”、“伊宁黄库尔班”和“82-10-42-1-1”等4个品种感虫率相差二个或三个级别。另外,1996年塔城引种试验的2个品种“春麦雄性不育系 901”和“啤酒大麦(石引1号)”均遭受麦双尾蚜的严重为害。