骨髓基质细胞的分离、鉴定以及TH基因的转染与表达

目的是探索骨髓基质细胞的分离培养、鉴定及其接受并表达TH基因的能力。实验中通过密度梯度离心法成功地从成年SD大鼠骨髓中分离获得了骨髓基质干细胞 ,并用流式细胞仪对其进行鉴定 ,纯度可达 75 %。进一步采用复制缺陷型腺相关病毒载体介导的基因转染方法 ,将之改造成为携带lacZ与TH基因的工程细胞 ,经X gal染色和TH免疫组化检测 ,转染效率为 (74 .6± 19.4 ) %。实验结果表明骨髓基质细胞易于接受并表达外源基因 ,有望作为运载细胞应用于帕金森病的基因治疗。     

猪骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及核移植后重构胚胎发育能力的研究

不同类型的细胞核移植效率不同,原因之一可能是不同类型细胞核移植后进行重编程的潜力不同.本实验对猪骨髓间充质干细胞(porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,pMSCs)体外分离培养的方法进行了优化.对猪骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖及生长特性进行了观察分析,并以其作为供体细胞进行核移植,对此类型细胞进行重编程的潜力进行了评估.结果表明用密度梯度离心法分离猪骨髓间充质干细胞优于全骨髓贴壁法:猪骨髓间充质干细胞数目在培养第6天达到峰值,传代培养10 h时,贴壁率达到78.50%;传代培养后第4天分裂指数最高,为24.00‰;以猪骨髓间充质干细胞(pMSCs)和猪胎儿成纤维细胞(PF)分别作为供核细胞构建核移植胚胎,其体外囊胚发育率分别为14.63%与15.07%(P＞0.05),孤雌对照组囊胚发育率为30.91%(P＜0.05);而三组囊胚细胞数分别为30.67±17.7、24.1±6.5和25.8±11.4(P＞0.05).实验表明,体外培养的猪骨髓间充质干细胞生长增殖旺盛,生物学性状稳定.并适合作为核移植供体细胞.     

转染腺相关病毒对骨髓间充质干细胞分化潜能的影响

目的:探讨转染腺相关病毒对骨髓间充质干细胞分化潜能的影响.方法:运用密度梯度离心法分离骨髓间充质干细胞;将pAAV-GFP、pAAV-RC、pHelper用磷酸钙法共转染HEK-293细胞,得到rAAV-GFP,转染骨髓间充质干细胞.进行成骨诱导分化,观察rAAV-GFP对骨髓间充质干细胞分化潜能的影响.结果:与未转染rAAV-GFP的间充质干细胞相比较,转染rAAV-GFP后,骨髓间充质干细胞分化潜能未见改变,均表现为细胞浆蓝紫色,核周明显.结论:转染腺相关病毒对骨髓间充质干细胞分化潜能未见明显影响,为基因修饰腺相关病毒转染骨髓间充质干细胞进行体内移植提供了实验基础.     

机械拉伸对骨髓间充质干细胞迁移行为的影响

目的:研究机械拉伸刺激对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞迁移行为的影响并探讨其相关分子机制。方法:应用单轴机械拉伸加载装置考察不同条件的周期拉伸刺激对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞迁移行为的影响,采用Transwell和划痕法评价细胞迁移能力,采用明胶酶谱法检测基质金属蛋白酶-2,-9(MMP-2,-9)表达的变化。结果:适宜的拉伸刺激可以明显促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的迁移能力,1 Hz、10%应变拉伸8 h后可以使细胞迁移数量增加到对照组的1.58倍。拉伸刺激诱导骨髓间充质干细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2,-9(MMP-2,-9)表达。抑制剂GM6001抑制了拉伸诱导的MMP-2,-9分泌增加,同时抑制了拉伸刺激对细胞迁移的促进作用。结论:机械拉伸刺激影响大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的迁移行为,MMP-2,-9在此过程中可能起着重要介导作用。     

microRNA499 慢病毒载体转染诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞 向心肌样细胞分化*

目的:探讨microRNA 499(miR-499)慢病毒转染对诱导大鼠骨髓来源间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)向心肌样细胞分化的作用。方法:取第四代Wistar大鼠骨髓来源间充质干细胞进行流式细胞检测,鉴定干细胞表面特异标记物。使用符合干细胞鉴定标准的细胞批次用于后续实验。实验设置miR499慢病毒转染、慢病毒空白转染2个处理组,分别于处理后即日、1d,3d,5d,7d收集细胞进行下列实验:实时荧光定量PCR检测心肌重要转录因子GATA4、NKx2.5和MEF2C的mRNA表达,western-blot检测心肌特异蛋白I(cTnI)的表达。结果:培养第四代Wistar大鼠骨髓来源间充质干细胞表达干细胞表面特异标记物,可用于实验。大鼠骨髓来源间充质干细胞microRNA 499慢病毒载体转染后microRNA 499表达明显升高,且转染后1d,3d,5d,7d,GATA4、NKx2.5和MEF2C的mRNA表达逐渐增强。慢病毒空白转染组未见明显变化。western-blot检测自第3天开始可见cTnI阳性表达条带,慢病毒空白转染组未检测到明显阳性表达条带。结论:microRNA 499可诱导大鼠骨髓来源间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞分化。     

恒磁场抑制缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡

目的:研究恒磁场对体外缺血缺氧培养条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs) 凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制.方法:采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞(MNCs),于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物(PEX)诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs).经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,将骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过TUNEL检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法(western blot)来观察细胞中特定蛋白质的变化.结果:①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功.②缺血/缺氧组与缺血/缺氧+磁场组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,Akt磷酸化水平显著上升(P＜0.05).提示恒磁场可以使PI3K(Phosphoinositide-3kinase)/Akt(ProteinkinaseB,PKB)信号通路被激活而抑制凋亡的发生.结论:恒磁场通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡.     

小鼠精原干细胞不同转染方法效率的比较

本研究采用腺病毒感染、慢病毒感染、脂质体转染和电穿孔转化方法将含有绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的质粒转入经过差异贴壁法初步分离纯化的小鼠精原干细胞(SSCs)中,转染48 h后通过流式细胞仪检测GFP阳性细胞比例比较4种方法在体外转染精原干细胞的效率.结果显示,脂质体转染效率最高仅为8.64%,不能满足对精原干细胞进一步实验的要求;电穿孔法效率最高达到25.27%,但转化后细胞大量死亡;腺病毒转染细胞的效率达到了32.4%;慢病毒转染效率最高,达到74.25%. 因此,慢病毒转染法是体外转染小鼠精原干细胞的有效方法.     

不同龄大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞活性对比

目的:分别在低氧环境和正常氧环境下研究不同周龄SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的细胞活性以及细胞分化能力的差别,并观察和检测不同周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨活性有何差异。方法:1)、进行不同周龄SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的提取及在低氧环境及正常氧环境下的培养。2)、进行细胞生物活性的测定及比较。结果:低氧环境下培养的2周4周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)活性好于常氧状态下培养的2周4周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)。结论:低氧环境下培养的年轻大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞活性较好。     

软骨细胞上清液诱导冻存复苏后人骨髓间充质干细胞的研究

目的:探讨人软骨细胞培养上清诱导冻存人骨髓充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的可行性.方法:取进行全髋关节置换术老年患者的骨髓和软骨组织,利用密度梯度离心法、全骨髓培养法分别培养骨髓间充质干细胞,冻存备用.培养软骨细胞,观察细胞生长,收集软骨细胞培养上清.复苏冻存的人骨髓间充质干细胞,观察复苏后细胞生长状态.利用收集的软骨细胞培养上清对复苏间充质干细胞进行定向诱导,诱导培养2周,观察细胞外观表型变化,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测诱导后人骨髓间充质干细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达.结果:密度梯度离心法与全骨髓培养法均可分离获得人骨髓间充质干细胞,原代生长前者优于后者.复苏细胞仍进行可传代,与正常生长骨髓间充质细胞无明显差异,均可传至第8代.软骨细胞培养上清诱导2周后,细胞形状向圆形,多角形转变,冻存骨髓间充质干细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性.结论:老年人骨髓间充质干细胞仍具有向软骨细胞转化的能力,冻存不影响其转化能力.     

慢病毒介导EGFP转染骨髓间充质干细胞在胶质瘤模型中迁移分布的研究

目的:如何证实骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)是胶质瘤基因治疗中最好的药物载体?将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标记的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植入大鼠C6胶质瘤模型脑内,观察骨髓间充质干细胞在肿瘤内的迁徙与定位。方法:贴壁法培养大鼠骨髓细胞获取纯化的BMSCs。慢病毒介导EGFP转染BMSCs,于荧光显微镜下观察EGFP的表达,并行流式细胞仪检测EGFP阳性转染率。利用立体定向仪将培养好的C6细胞注入大鼠脑内,建立大鼠脑内胶质瘤模型。将标记EGFP的BMSCs利用微量注射器注入模型鼠脑内;移植后第1,7天处死大鼠,用荧光显微镜观察BMSCs在肿瘤内的迁移分布。结果:实验成功建立了大鼠脑内胶质瘤模型。以EGFP标记的BMSCs在模型鼠脑内主动迁移分布于肿瘤内部及肿瘤与正常脑组织交界侧。结论:骨髓间充质干细胞可以作为肿瘤基因治疗的良好载体。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.