Solar UV-B Radiation Inhibits the Growth of Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi

We tested the effects of solar radiation, and UV-B in particular, on the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi. The growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, Geomyces pannorum, Phoma herbarum, Pythium sp., Verticillium sp., and Mortierella parvispora, each isolated from Antarctic terrestrial habitats, were examined on an agar medium in the natural Antarctic environment. A 3-h exposure to solar radiation of >287 nm reduced the hyphal extension rates of all species relative to controls kept in the dark. Pythium sp. cultures exposed to solar radiation for 1.5 h on five consecutive days were most sensitive to radiation of >287 nm, but radiation of >313 nm also inhibited growth to a lesser extent. Radiation of >400 nm had no effect on hyphal growth relative to controls kept in the dark. Short-wave solar UV-B radiation of between 287 and 305 nm inhibited the growth of Pythium sp. hyphae on and below the surface of the agar medium after 24 h, but radiation of ≥345 nm only reduced the growth of surface hyphae. Similar detrimental effects of UV-B on surface and, to a lesser extent, submerged hyphae of all five fungi were shown in the laboratory by using artificial UV-B from fluorescent lamps. A comparison of growth responses to solar radiation and temperature showed that the species that were most resistant to UV radiation grew fastest at higher temperatures. These data suggest that solar UV-B reduces the growth of fungi on the soil surface in the Antarctic terrestrial environment.     

增强UV-B辐射对拟南芥叶肉细胞蛋白的影响

采用不同剂量的UV-B辐射处理4周龄的野生型拟南芥幼苗(Columbia-0),分别采用丙酮沉淀法和TCA-丙酮法提取其叶肉细胞中的蛋白质,进而研究分析拟南芥叶肉细胞中蛋白质的含量与组成对不同强度UV-B辐射的响应。结果显示,两种方法相比较,TCA-丙酮法所提取得到的蛋白含量相对较多,更适合于分析增强UV-B辐射对拟南芥叶肉细胞蛋白质的影响;而两种方法所提取得到的蛋白质含量的变化趋势相同,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,蛋白质含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,B₂组达到了最大。此外,蛋白条带的数目和表达量也都发生了显著变化,同样也是以中剂量处理组（B₂组）变化最为明显,既有新增条带,又有消失条带。这可能是由于拟南芥在受到低剂量的UV-B辐射时,可以激活自身一些抗性基因的表达而诱导产生抗性蛋白,进而抵御UV-B的伤害;而当受到高剂量的UV-B辐射时,损伤自身的蛋白质合成途径,影响蛋白的合成。     

MiR-144 Inhibits Uveal Melanoma Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating c-Met Expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group endogenous small non-coding RNAs that inhibit protein translation through binding to specific target mRNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are implicated in the development of cancer. However, the role of miR-144 in uveal melanoma metastasis remains largely unknown. MiR-144 was downregulated in both uveal melanoma cells and tissues. Transfection of miR-144 mimic into uveal melanoma cells led to a decrease in cell growth and invasion. After identification of two putative miR-144 binding sites within the 3'' UTR of the human c-Met mRNA, miR-144 was proved to inhibit the luciferase activity inMUM-2B cells with a luciferase reporter construct containing the binding sites. In addition, the expression of c-Met protein was inhibited by miR-144. Furthermore, c-Met-mediated cell proliferation and invasion were inhibited by restoration of miR-144 in uveal melanoma cells. In conclusion, miR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor in uveal melanoma, through inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. miR-144 might serve as a potential therapeutic target in uveal melanoma patients.     

MicroRNA-34a通过多向调控促癌基因抑制肾癌细胞生长

目的:探讨microRNA-34a(miR-34a)在肾癌细胞中的生物学作用及调控机制.方法:应用miR-34amimics在体外转染769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞;运用qRT-PCR检测miR-34a在三个细胞株的相对表达情况,以及转染后癌基因mRNA的表达情况;观察miR-34a对细胞生长的影响.结果:769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞中miR-34a在786-O中表达最低,769P次之,Caki-1表达最高;利用miR-34a mimics升高769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞miR-34a,发现三个细胞株多个癌基因mRNA表达不同程度的降低(P＜0.05)及生长和集聚能力的降低.结论:miR-34a可能通过调控多个癌基因表达在肾癌中起抑癌作用.miR-34a mimics可抑制肾癌细胞的生长,因此miR-34a有可能作为肾癌基因治疗的新靶点.     

Let-7a下调k-Ras和c-Myc癌基因的表达抑制肾癌细胞增殖

目的：MicroRNA 是近年发现的一类单链小分子RNA,对它的研究已成为一个新的热点。最近的研究发现,1et-7a 在细胞内影响着基因的表达调控,在疾病发生中起着及极重要的作用,尤其是在肿瘤的发展过程中,let-7a扮演着不可替代的角色。本文主要研究let-7a 在肾癌细胞株中的表达情况及其调控的靶基因、抑制细胞增殖的机制,对探索肾癌的致病基因,寻求肾癌新的治疗途径有重要意义。方法：应用化学合成的let-7a 模拟物（mimics）用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000 在体外瞬时转染786-O 和Caki-1肾癌细胞株,转染48 小时后采用荧光定量RT-PCR的方法检测let-7a 及c-Myc、k-Ras mRNA的表达情况,Western blot 检测这两株肾癌细胞转染了let-7a mimics 后c-Myc 及k-Ras 蛋白的表达变化;转染let-7a mimics 后分别在24、48、72 小时三个时间点用CCK-8 试剂盒检测对肾癌细胞株增殖的影响。结果：786-O 和Caki-1 肾癌细胞株中let-7a 的表达量明显低于正常肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2（P〈0.05）; 转染了let-7amimics的786-O 和Caki-1 肾癌细胞株,RT-PCR 及Western blot 结果显示c-Myc、k-Ras 在基因及蛋白的表达水平明显下调（P〈0.05）;CCK-8 检测结果显示转染了let-7a mimics的肾癌细胞株细胞增殖能力明显明显受到抑制,与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：Let-7a 在在肿瘤细胞与正常细胞中存在明显差异,let-7a 通过调控c-Myc、k-Ras的表达能抑制肾癌细胞增殖。Let-7a mimics 可以抑制肾癌细胞的增殖,因此上调Let-7a 的表达有可能成为肾癌基因治疗的一种有效治疗手段。     

Let-7a 下调 k-Ras 和 c-Myc 癌基因的表达抑制肾癌细胞增殖

摘要 目的： MicroRNA 是近年发现的一类单链小分子 RNA, 对它的研究已成为一个新的热点。最近的研究发现, 1et-7a 在细胞内 影响着基因的表达调控,在疾病发生中起着及极重要的作用, 尤其是在肿瘤的发展过程中, let-7a 扮演着不可替代的角色。本文主 要研究 let-7a 在肾癌细胞株中的表达情况及其调控的靶基因、 抑制细胞增殖的机制,对探索肾癌的致病基因, 寻求肾癌新的治疗 途径有重要意义。 方法： 应用化学合成的 let-7a 拟物（ mimics ）用脂质体 Lipofectamine 2000 在体外瞬时转染 786-O 和 Caki-1 肾 癌细胞株, 转染 48 小时后采用荧光定量 RT-PCR 的方法检测 let-7a 及 c-Myc、 k-Ras mRNA 的表达情况, Western blot 检测这两株 肾癌细胞转染了 let-7a mimics 后 c-Myc 及 k-Ras 蛋白的表达变化;转染 let-7a mimics 后分别在 24、 48、 72 小时三个时间点用 CCK-8 试剂盒检测对肾癌细胞株增殖的影响。 结果： 786-O 和 Caki-1 肾癌细胞株中 let-7a 的表达量明显低于正常肾小管上皮细胞 株 HK-2 （P<0.05 ） ; 转染了 let-7amimics 的 786-O 和 Caki-1 肾癌细胞株, RT-PCR 及 Western blot 结果显示 c-Myc、 k-Ras 在基因及 蛋白的表达水平明显下调 （P<0.05 ） ; CCK-8 检测结果显示转染了 let-7a mimics 的肾癌细胞株细胞增殖能力明显明显受到抑制, 与 阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义 （P<0.05 ）。结论： Let-7a 在在肿瘤细胞与正常细胞中存在明显差异, let-7a 通过调控 c-Myc、 k-Ras 的表达能抑制肾癌细胞增殖。 Let-7a mimics 可以抑制肾癌细胞的增殖,因此上调 Let-7a 的表达有可能成为肾癌基因治疗的 一种有效治疗手段。     

敲减人HPIP基因表达抑制细胞生长增殖

为了探讨人造血相关的PBX相互作用蛋白质基因（HPIP）在肿瘤发生发展中的生物学作用,构建了HPIP小干扰RNA(siRNA)的真核表达载体,验证其敲减效果并观察其对细胞生长增殖的影响.根据人HPIP的cDNA序列,设计了含有小发卡结构的寡核苷酸序列,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体上;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过实时定量RT-PCR及Western 印迹分析检测HPIP基因的表达水平;结晶紫实验及流式细胞技术检测敲减HPIP基因表达对细胞生长和增殖的影响,软琼脂实验检测对肿瘤细胞非锚定依赖性生长的影响.结果显示,构建的siRNA能够有效抑制HPIP基因的表达;结晶紫实验与细胞周期分析实验显示,siRNA介导的HPIP表达沉默导致细胞生长增殖的显著抑制,软琼脂实验结果表明,稳定转染HPIP siRNA能够抑制肿瘤细胞的锚定非依赖性生长.上述结果初步表明,HPIP siRNA能明显抑制肿瘤细胞的生长与增殖,可能是一个潜在的肿瘤治疗新靶点.     

慢病毒介导RNA干扰HPIP蛋白抑制肿瘤细胞增殖

目的:建立高效稳定的造血相关的PBX相互作用蛋白质(HPIP)小干扰RNA(siRNA)细胞导入方法,检测HPIP的表达对肿瘤细胞生长增殖的影响。方法:构建人HPIP慢病毒siRNA干扰载体,将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过实时定量RT-PCR及Western印迹分析检测Lenti-H1 HPIP siRNA的干扰效果;将Lenti-H1 HPIPsiRNA与4个包装质粒共同转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒后,感染宫颈癌HeLa和肝癌HepG2细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选2周后,收集细胞进行Western印迹检测;用结晶紫实验检测其对肿瘤细胞生长增殖的影响。结果:构建的Lenti-H1 HPIP siRNA能有效抑制HPIP的表达;结晶紫实验显示,慢病毒介导的HPIP siRNA导致细胞增殖的显著抑制。结论:慢病毒介导的HPIP敲减能明显抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,HPIP可能是一个潜在的肿瘤治疗新靶点。     

MicroRNA let-7c Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest by Targeting CDC25A in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Down-regulation of the microRNA let-7c plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the cell cycle regulator CDC25A is involved in the antitumor effect of let-7c in HCC. The expression levels of let-7c in HCC cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and a let-7c agomir was transfected into HCC cells to overexpress let-7c. The effects of let-7c on HCC proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed. The in vivo tumor-inhibitory efficacy of let-7c was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model of HCC. Luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were conducted to identify the targets of let-7c and to determine the effects of let-7c on CDC25A, CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 expression. The results showed that the expression levels of let-7c were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of let-7c repressed cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, led to G1 cell cycle arrest in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in a HepG2 xenograft model in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay showed that CDC25A was a direct target of let-7c, and that let-7c inhibited the expression of CDC25A protein by directly targeting its 3ʹ UTR. Restoration of CDC25A induced a let-7c-mediated G1-to-S phase transition. Western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of let-7c decreased CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 protein levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that let-7c suppresses HCC progression, possibly by directly targeting the cell cycle regulator CDC25A and indirectly affecting its downstream target molecules. Let-7c may therefore be an effective therapeutic target for HCC.     

α-硫辛酸下调Grb2抑制A549细胞增殖的研究

目的:探讨α-LA对A549细胞增殖的机制以及Grb2在其中发挥的作用。方法:利用CCK-8和流式细胞术检测α-LA对细胞增殖的影响;实时定量PCR和Western Blot检测细胞中Grb2表达的变化;利用向细胞中转染siGrb2及过表达Grb2载体检测细胞中Grb2表达水平差异对细胞增殖的影响。结果:α-LA处理A549 24 h后,对照组和α-LA处理组中位于G_0/G_1期细胞的比率由40.60%上升至57.80%;而位于S期细胞的比率由45.96%下降至39.01%;与细胞G1/S期的转换相关的调节蛋白CDK2/4/6,cyclin D3和E1的表达也随之发生了相应的改变,α-LA通过抑制细胞G_1/S期的转换而抑制细胞增殖。与亲本细胞相比,Grb2在α-LA处理A549细胞中的转录和蛋白表达水平均显著降低,干扰细胞中Grb2表达能显著抑制A549增殖;而过表达Grb2可阻断α-LA诱导的细胞增殖抑制。结论:α-LA具有抑制A549细胞增殖的作用,Grb2是α-LA发挥抑细胞增殖效应的重要介导因子。     

不同时间的UV-B辐射对拟南芥幼苗生长的影响

以哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为实验材料, 用辐射功率为16.67 μW·cm^-2但不同时间(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5和3小时)的UV-B辐射对拟南芥幼苗进行处理, 观察叶片形态, 并测定其根长、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)浓度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示, 短时间UV-B辐射可促进拟南芥根的伸长, 叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量升高; 长时间UV-B辐射则抑制拟南芥根的生长, 使叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m及qP逐渐降低, MDA浓度、SOD活性、CAT活性和qN值升高, 并随着时间的延长逐渐降低或升高。当辐射功率为16.67 μW·cm^-2时, 其最佳辐射时间为1.5小时。UV-B辐射作为一种环境胁迫, 其胁迫程度都是在一定的范围内, 当胁迫达到极限时, 植株都会对UV-B辐射产生一定的适应效应而使损伤降低。     

拟南芥黏连蛋白RAD21对增强UV-B辐射后细胞分裂的响应

UV-B辐射对植物的影响体现在多个水平, 其会引起植物DNA损伤, 造成有丝分裂异常, 最终影响植物的生长发育及生理生化过程。RAD21.3是黏连蛋白复合物的一个亚基, 参与有丝分裂中染色体的分离。该研究以哥伦比亚生态型拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和atrad21.3突变体为材料, 设置对照(CK)及UV-B处理组, 对野生型(WT)、atrad21.3及过表达株系的根长、株高、抽薹时间和生理生化指标进行统计分析。利用碱性品红染色观察拟南芥根尖的有丝分裂现象, 并统计畸变率。SPSS分析结果表明, UV-B处理后, WT UV-B和atrad21.3 CK的抽薹时间、株高及各项生理生化指标与WT CK相比无显著差异, 但atrad21.3 UV-B与之相比差异显著。通过烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)的瞬时表达和亚细胞定位观察, 发现RAD21.3集中在细胞核; 进一步观察分裂期细胞发现落后染色体、染色体桥和游离染色体等异常现象。统计结果表明, 与WT CK相比, WT UV-B和atrad21.3 CK的畸变率较高, 但atrad21.3 UV-B的畸变率更高, 表明RAD21.3可能响应UV-B辐射诱导的异常有丝分裂。     

模拟微重力通过调节AKT磷酸化抑制前成骨细胞的增殖

目的:研究模拟微重力对前成骨细胞的增殖作用及其分子机制。方法:利用2D回转器模拟失重条件培养前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1 24小时;将p-AKT激活剂SC79加入细胞培养基后模拟失重条件下培养前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1 24小时;利用Western blot技术分别检测细胞增殖相关蛋白PCNA以及AKT、p-AKT的表达变化情况。结果:(1)与对照组相比,模拟失重组前成骨细胞增殖受到抑制(P0.01),p-AKT/AKT比值减小(P0.01);(2)加入SC79组与对照组相比,p-AKT/AKT比值显著增加;(3)加入SC79的模拟失重组(MG+SC79)与模拟失重组相比(MG),p-AKT/AKT比值增加,PCNA蛋白表达增加(P0.01),成骨细胞增殖有所恢复。结论:模拟微重力可能通过抑制AKT的磷酸化形式抑制前成骨细胞的增殖,加入p-AKT激活剂可部分恢复前成骨细胞的增殖。     

Cleavage of INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE28 mRNA by MicroRNA847 Upregulates Auxin Signaling to Modulate Cell Proliferation and Lateral Organ Growth in Arabidopsis

MicroRNAs function in a range of developmental processes. Here, we demonstrate that miR847 targets the mRNA of the auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor-encoding gene IAA28 for cleavage. The rapidly increased accumulation of miR847 in Arabidopsis thaliana coincided with reduced IAA28 mRNA levels upon auxin treatment. This induction of miR847 by auxin was abolished in auxin receptor tir1-1 and auxin-resistant axr1-3 mutants. Further analysis demonstrates that miR847 functions as a positive regulator of auxin-mediated lateral organ development by cleaving IAA28 mRNA. Importantly, the ectopic expression of miR847 increases the expression of cell cycle genes as well as the neoplastic activity of leaf cells, prolonging later-stage rosette leaf growth and producing leaves with serrated margins. Moreover, both miR847 and IAA28 mRNAs are specifically expressed in marginal meristems of rosette leaves and lateral root initiation sites. Our data indicate that auxin-dependent induction of miR847 positively regulates meristematic competence by clearing IAA28 mRNA to upregulate auxin signaling, thereby determining the duration of cell proliferation and lateral organ growth in Arabidopsis. IAA28 mRNA encodes an Aux/IAA repressor protein, which is degraded through the proteasome in response to auxin. Altered signal sensitization to IAA28 mRNA levels, together with targeted IAA28 degradation, ensures a robust signal derepression.     

Cyclic AMP Inhibits Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Cell Proliferation in Response to Growth Factors in Cultured Rat Cortical Astrocytes

Abstract: The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-induced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was examined through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activation in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) at 10 ng/ml maximally stimulated MAP kinase activity, which peaks during 10 min and prolonged for 24 h. Likewise, DNA synthesis was maximally potentiated with 10 ng/ml bFGF and correlated with MAP kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) at 1 m M and isoproterenol at 10 µ M inhibited MAP kinase activation and DNA synthesis potentiation with bFGF and platelet-derived growth factor to the control level in cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. The stimulation with bFGF caused a prominent translocation of MAP kinase from the cytosol to the nucleus after 1 h in astrocytes. Treatment of the cells with dbcAMP and isoproterenol completely prevented the translocation of MAP kinase. In experiments with ³²P-labeled cultured astrocytes, phosphorylation of Raf-1 was apparently stimulated with bFGF. Treatment with dbcAMP or isoproterenol had a greatly inhibitory effect on the stimulation of Raf-1 phosphorylation with bFGF. Consistent with the effect on Raf-1 phosphorylation, dbcAMP and isoproterenol completely prevented bFGF-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases, target proteins of Raf-1. Our observations suggest that cAMP-induced suppression of cell growth in astrocytes is due to the inhibitory effect on activation of MAP kinase and its translocation to the nucleus and that the site of the cAMP action is located at Raf-1 or the upstream site of Raf-1.     

Endogenous Thymic Factors Regulating Cell Proliferation and Analysis of Their Mechanism of Action

Endogenous factors inhibiting the proliferation of T-lymphocytes were investigated which may function as modulators of T-lymphocyte production within the thymus. an extract from calf thymus (T4) enriched in lymphocyte chalone arrests rat thymocytes at the G₁ S boundary and in the S phase of the cell cycle in short-term cultures. It also inhibits the proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA-P in a time-dependent manner, as well as the spontaneous proliferation of in vitro cultured human chronic leukaemic lymphoblasts. This crude extract contains two active moities which can be isolated by molecular filtration on Sephadex G-75 column. A species non-specific, cell line selectivity inhibitory effect is characteristic of the high molecular weight fraction (mol. wt. > 40,000). This activity is resistant to moderate heat treatment and trypsin but is sensitive to mild alkaline hydrolysis and to RNase A digestion. About ten protein components and a toluidine blue positive substance can be detected by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the active inhibitor, a proposed protein-RNA complex, might be identical with the chalone. The low molecular weight, non-dialysable factor (T4–4) inhibits [³H]thymidine incorporation into acid insoluble DNA in a cell non-specific manner. A possible relationship between the two activities is discussed.     

MicroRNA-146a抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖的研究

目的：检测胶质瘤中miR-146a的表达水平,并研究miR-146a对胶质瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法：应用实时定量PCR的方法检测胶质瘤组织和癌旁组织中miR-146a的表达水平,采用脂质体细胞转染miRNA模拟物的方式过表达miR-146a,MTT法检测转染后细胞的增殖率,利用在线软件targetScan预测miRNA可能的靶基因。结果：miR-146a在胶质瘤组织中表达明显降低（P〈0.01）,相对表达水平为癌旁组织的35%,细胞转染miR-146a模拟物后,miR-146a表达明显增加,癌细胞增殖率明显降低（P〈0.01）,仅为原细胞的47%。Notch1基因是miR-146a影响胶质瘤细胞增殖活力的可能靶基因。结论：miR-146a可能通过抑制Notch1基因的表达调控胶质瘤细胞的增殖。