Karyotyp und DNS-Gehalt von Bufo bufo,B. viridis,B. bufo × B. viridis und B. calamita (Amphibia,Anura)

The karyotypes in spermatogonial and leukocyte metaphases of the toads Bufo bufo, B. viridis and B. calamita (all 2n=22) were analysed and the DNA content of colchicine treated and Feulgen stained spermatogonial metaphase chromosomes measured microspectrophotometrically. The toad species possess similar karyotypes, but the chromosomes of B. bufo are somewhat longer than the chromosomes of B. viridis and B. calamita. All chromosomes of B. bufo contain significantly more than, but in no case twice as much DNA as their homologues in the other two species. Eight chromosomes of B. bufo contain 30–40%, three about 50% more DNA than their homologues in B. viridis. Exactly the same DNA-differences between both sets of chromosomes were found in B. bufo × B. viridis hybrids. Significant differences in the DNA amount of B. viridis and B. calamita exist only between the large chromosomes of these species. The ratio of the total DNA amount of the genomes in the three species is 1.49∶1.07∶1. These DNA-differences between the three toad species are confirmed by microspectrophotometric DNA measurements of their erythrocyte nuclei. It is supposed that these interspecific differences in DNA content of the toads are not a consequence of differential polyteny but are caused during the evolution process by local increase in DNA in all chromosomes of B. bufo and in the large chromosomes of B. viridis.     

[B1Ala,B2Al2,B3Lys]—胰岛素的制备和生物活性

本文报道了胰岛素分子中Ｂ１￣３序列（Ｐｈｅ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ）为Ａｌａ－Ａｌａ－Ｌｙｓ取代的胰岛素类似物制备及其生物性质。［Ｂ１Ａｌａ,Ｂ２Ａｌａ,Ｂ３Ｌｙｓ］－胰岛素仍保留天然胰岛素的全部体内活性和受体结合能力,但体外促脂肪生成活性和免疫活性分别只为胰岛素的７０％和０．８８％。本文还就胰岛素Ｂ链Ｎ端肽段对其结构和功能的影响进行了讨论。     

质量—数量性状遗传参数估计的P1,P2,F1,B1,B2联合分析方法

提出利用亲本Ｐ_１和Ｐ_２、杂种Ｆ_１、回交Ｂ_１和Ｂ_１五个世代联合分析包括两个位点主基因控制的质量－数量性状遗传的统计方法,共建立了可供选择的微基因遗传、一对主基因＋微基因混合遗传、二对主基因＋微基因混合遗传三类五种（套）共 ２８个遗传模型,采用 ＡＩＣ信息准则选择最适模型,并通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步的检验．文章最后还讨论了两种变型设计．     

B30H8, B39H9 2−, B42H10, B48H10, and B72H12: polycyclic aromatic snub hydroboron clusters analogous to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Calculations performed at the ab initio level using the recently reported planar concentric π-aromatic B₁₈H₆ ²⁺(1) [Chen Q et al. (2011) Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:20620] as a building block suggest the possible existence of a new class of B_3n H _m polycyclic aromatic hydroboron (PAHB) clusters—B₃₀H₈(2), B₃₉H₉ ^2?(3), B₄₂H₁₀(4/5), B₄₈H₁₀(6), and B₇₂H₁₂(7)—which appear to be the inorganic analogs of the corresponding C _n H _m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHC) molecules naphthalene C₁₀H₈, phenalenyl anion C₁₃H₉ ^?, phenanthrene/anthracene C₁₄H₁₀, pyrene C₁₆H₁₀, and coronene C₂₄H₁₂, respectively, in a universal atomic ratio of B:C?=?3:1. Detailed canonical molecular orbital (CMO), adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), and electron localization function (ELF) analyses indicate that, as they are hydrogenated fragments of a boron snub sheet [Zope RR, Baruah T (2010) Chem Phys Lett 501:193], these PAHB clusters are aromatic in nature, and exhibit the formation of islands of both σ- and π-aromaticity. The predicted ionization potentials of PAHB neutrals and electron detachment energies of small PAHB monoanions should permit them to be characterized experimentally in the future. The results obtained in this work expand the domain of planar boron-based clusters to a region well beyond B₂₀, and experimental syntheses of these snub B_3n H _m clusters through partial hydrogenation of the corresponding bare B_3n may open up a new area of boron chemistry parallel to that of PAHCs in carbon chemistry.

相思子根化学成分研究——相思子醌A,B,D,E,F,G

从民间药用抗肝炎药相思子（ＡｂｒｕｓｐｒｅｃａｔｏｒｉｕｓＬ．）根中分得８个异黄烷醌类化合物,即相思子醌Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇ以及已知化合物３,７二羟基６甲氧基双氢黄酮和２,８二羟基３,４,９,１０四甲氧基紫檀素。用化学转化和光谱学方法包括１Ｈ１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１Ｈ１３ＣＣＯＳＹ、ＣＤ等方法鉴定它们的结构。     

柯萨奇病毒B1,B3和B5以促衰退因子作为细胞受体

病毒复制起始于病毒吸附蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体的特异性结合及此后由细胞介导的病毒穿入,而这些受体的特异性决定宿主细胞范围。应用单克隆抗体ＭＡｂ８５４阻断,免疫沉淀法以及促衰退因子基因转染细胞等方法,发现细胞ＤＡＦ是宿主细胞吸附柯萨奇病毒Ｂ１、Ｂ３和Ｂ５的受体,但这些病毒要侵入细胞及在胞内进行复制尚需依赖其他因子的存在。     

Schisandrin B, attenuates cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity through modulating NF-κB pathway in mice

This study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of an antioxidant lignan, Schisandrin B (Sch B), against cisplatin (cDDP) induced oxidative stress mediated geno- and neuro-toxicities. A dose of 10 mg/kg cDDP induced considerable genotoxicity in mice, and Sch B treatment attenuated the cDDP-induced DNA damage as assessed by the comet assay in the brain. The frequency of micro-nucleated erythrocyte production in bone marrow was also significantly reduced by Sch B treatment in cDDP-treated mice. In neurobehavioral studies, Sch B significantly prevented the memory deficits induced by cDDP, and had an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze task. Sch B treatment significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase activity and nitrite levels induced by cDDP. Furthermore, Sch B effectively inhibited NF-κB and p53 activation, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in cDDP-treated mice. Hence, Sch B with potent antioxidant and neuro-protective property with no mutagenic activity would be beneficial complementary food factor against cDDP induced oxidative stress.     

河南省洛阳汉族人群HLA-A,B , C抗原频率调查

洛阳是我国“六大古都”之一。它在我国历 史上的特殊地位决定了在相当一段历史时期内 洛阳人口流动似乎是较为频繁的。因此，洛阳 地区汉族人群HLA 多态性可以在一定程度上 反映我国中原地区人群的群体遗传特点。     

Structure of ferrichrome-type siderophores with dissimilarN δ-acyl groups: Asperchrome B1,B2,3,D1, D2 and D3

Summary Asperchromes are a series of iron-chelating compounds which contain a cyclic hexapeptide backbone as in ferrichrome siderophores and differ from the latter in having heterogenous acyl groups in the ornithine side chains. The molecular structures of the asperchrome B and D series have been determined by¹H- and¹³C-NMR spectroscopy; single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the detailed structural features of asperchrome B₁ and asperchrome D₁. Asperchrome B₁ crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 witha= 1.3143(5) nm,b=1.2200(5) nm,c=0.8949(3) nm,=105.17(4)°,=94.03(3)°, =109.65(3)°,V=1.2843 nm³,Z=1, _x =1.446 g cm^–3. FinalR=0.054 for 4625 reflections measured at 138 K using MoK. Asperchrome D₁ crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁ witha=1.2248(11) nm,b=1.3795(9) nm,c=1.3644(6) nm,=93.24(6)°,V=2.3016 nm³,Z=2, _x =1.418 g cm^–3. FinalR=0.110 for 3180 reflections measured at 138 K using MoK radiation. The conformation of the molecular backbone and iron coordination geometry in both asperchrome B₁ and D₁ compare well with those observed in other known ferrichrome siderophores. The differences in the acyl groups are illustrated and the structural results are correlated with their iron transport properties.     

1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactones inhibits IκB kinase β-dependent NF-κB activation

To determine the chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of Inula britannica-F., three specific sesquiterpene lactones in Inula britannica were isolated from chloroform extract and identified, including britannilactone (BL), 1-O-acetylbritannilactone (ABLO), and 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone (ABLOO). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. The expressions of IκBα, pIκBα, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and NF-κB kinase (NIK) were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. We found that acetyl side groups enhanced the inhibitory action of the agents on LPS/IFN-γ-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression. Their inhibiting activity was positive correlation with the acetyl side group number. The effects of LPS/IFN-γ were reversed by ABLOO, and BL without acetyl side groups showed only a weak inhibitory action. Further study indicated that ABLOO markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKβ down to based level, but not IKKα, corresponding with decreased in IκBα degradation and phosphorylation induced by LPS/IFN-γ, resulting in the suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation and activity. These results suggest that the acetyl moieties add to the lipophilicity, and consequently enhance cellular penetration, so that ABLOO possess the most anti-inflammatory effect and may be a potent lead structure for the development of therapeutic and cytokine-suppressing remedies valuable for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.     

胰岛素蛋白质工程;[B9Glu,B10Asp]人胰岛素

用缺口双链ＤＮＡ的定向突变方法分别将胰岛素Ｂ链第９和第１０位的Ｓｅｒ和Ｈｉｓ改变为Ｇｌｕ和Ａｓｐ,获得「Ｂ９Ｇｌｕ,Ｂ１０Ａｓｐ」人胰岛素。其受体结合能力为猪胰岛素的３４．４％,而体内活力与猪胰岛素基本相同     

白首乌甙A,B和C的结构

从著名中药白首乌(Cynanchum auricutatum Royle ex Wight)根中分离得到7个C_2(?)体甙。其小4个已知物——wilfosidc C3N (Ⅰ), C1N (Ⅱ), C1G (Ⅲ), K1N (Ⅴ),和另外3个新C_(21)甾体甙,命名为白首乌甙A (Ⅵ),B (Ⅶ),C(Ⅳ) (cynauricusidc A, B,C)。经光谱数据分析和化学反应,证明其结构分别为:开德甙元 3-氧-β D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(kidjoranin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-cymaropyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside, Ⅵ);萝藦甙元 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(metaplexigenin -O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranoside,Ⅶ);告达庭 3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基(caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyr     

芸薹属(Brassica napus,B.rapa,B.oleracea) CAMTA3基因家族的鉴定及生物信息学分析

芸薹属(Brassica)植物(甘蓝型油菜,白菜,甘蓝)是重要的经济作物,它们之间的关系可用禹氏三角表示.CAMTA是在进化过程中高度保守的一类转录因子家族,该家族成员在芸薹属植物抗逆境胁迫过程中具有重要作用.为了探讨芸薹属CAMTA3基因家族的功能,本研究利用生物信息学手段,鉴定了芸薹属(白菜,甘蓝和甘蓝型油菜)CAMTA3基因家族的8个基因,并从蛋白质的理化性质、家族进化与基因结构和上游启动子等方面进行了分析研究.分析表明,芸薹属CAMTA3基因家族8个成员在进化过程中具有较高的保守性,其亲缘关系与禹氏三角理论相符,且各成员在植物响应抗胁迫过程中占重要地位.研究结果为芸薹属CAMTA3基因家族的功能研究提供了一定的信息基础.     

Localization of Two Potassium Channel β Subunit Genes, KCNA1B and KCNA2B

The gating properties and current amplitudes of mammalian voltage-activatedShakerpotassium channels are modulated by at least two associated β subunits (Kvβ1.1 and Kvβ1.2). The human Kvβ1.1 gene (KCNA1B) resides on chromosome 3, as indicated by somatic cell hybrid mapping. More precise localization of KCNA1B to 3q26.1 was obtained with fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and was corroborated by PCR screening of the CEPH YAC library. The human Kvβ1.2 gene (KCNA2B) resides on chromosome 1, as indicated by somatic cell hybrid mapping, and has been localized by FISH to 1p36.3.