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Arnon D. Jurberg Tiana Gonçalves Tatiane A. Costa Ana Carolina A. de Mattos Bernardo M. Pascarelli Pedro Paulo A. de Manso Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo Pelajo-Machado José M. Peralta Paulo Marcos Z. Coelho Henrique L. Lenzi 《Development genes and evolution》2009,219(5):219-234
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic illness caused by neoophoran trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Using classical histological techniques and whole-mount preparations, the present work describes the embryonic development
of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the murine host and compares it with eggs maintained under in vitro conditions. Two pre-embryonic stages occur inside
the female worm: the prezygotic stage is characterized by the release of mature oocytes from the female ovary until its fertilization.
The zygotic stage encompasses the migration of the zygote through the ootype, where the eggshell is formed, to the uterus.
Fully formed eggs are laid still undeveloped, without having suffered any cleavage. In the outside environment, eight embryonic
stages can be defined: stage 1 refers to early cleavages and the beginning of yolk fusion. Stage 2 represents late cleavage,
with the formation of a stereoblastula and the onset of outer envelope differentiation. Stage 3 is defined by the elongation
of the embryonic primordium and the onset of inner envelope formation. At stage 4, the first organ primordia arise. During
stages 5 to 7, tissue and organ differentiation occurs (neural mass, epidermis, terebratorium, musculature, and miracidial
glands). Stage 7 is characterized by the nuclear condensation of neurons of the central neural mass. Stage 8 refers to the
fully formed larva, presenting muscular contraction, cilia, and flame-cell beating. This staging system was compared to a
previous classification and could underlie further studies on egg histoproteomics (morphological localizome). The differentiation
of embryonic structures and their probable roles in granulomatogenesis are discussed herein.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Autotaxin (ATX) is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family of ectoenzymes that hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. It possesses lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and it is considered the major LPA-producing enzyme in the circulation. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid with diverse functions in almost every mammalian cell type, which exerts its action through binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors and stimulates various cellular functions, including migration, proliferation and survival. As a consequence, both ATX and LPA have attracted the interest of researchers, in an effort to understand their roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The present review article aims to summarize the existing knowledge as to the implications of ATX in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer and to highlight the low molecular weight compounds, which have been developed as leads for the discovery of novel medicines to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. 相似文献
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Objective
At present, only the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs+) is used for the pN category of AJCC TNM system for colon cancer. Recently, the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes (LNR) has been reported to represent powerful independent predictive capacity in colon cancer. We sought to propose a novel category (nLN) which intergrades LNR and LNs+ into the AJCC staging system for colon cancer.Design
34476 patients from the National Cancer Institute''s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset with stage III colon cancer were reviewed. Harrell''s C statistic was used to evaluate the predictive capacity. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to construct a novel category.Results
The LNR category had more predictive capacity than the pN category in whole groups of patients (Harrell''s C index: 0.6194 vs 0.6113, p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that the LNR category was not better than pN category in predictive capacity if the number of lymph nodes examined was more than 13. We also found that there was significant survival heterogeneity among different pN categories at the same LNR category (P<0.001). The Harrell''s C index for our nLN category which intergrades LNR and LNs+ was 0.6228, which was significant higher than that of the pN category (Harrell''s C index: 0.6113, P<0.001) or LNR category (Harrell''s C index: 0.6194, P = 0.005), respectively.Conclusion
To evaluate the prognosis of colon cancer, our nLN category which intergrades LNR with LNs+ is more accurate than the pN category or LNR category, respectively. 相似文献4.
Xu Sun Teng Wang Zhang-Rui Guan Chun Zhang Yun Chen Jian Jin Dong Hua 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(3):2158-2164
FBXO2 belongs to the F-box family of proteins, is a cytoplasmic protein and ubiquitin ligase F-box protein with specificity for high-mannose glycoproteins. Recently published studies indicate that other members of the F-box family, such as SKP2 and FBXW7, are involved in the development of gastric cancer. The role of FBXO2 in the process of tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer, is still unknown. In this study, we show that the level of FBXO2 is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis, and that overall survival (OS) of patients with high FBXO2 expression is significantly shorter than patients with low FBXO2 expression. FBXO2 promoted the proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells, whereas knockdown of FBXO2 by siRNA led to a decrease in those activities. Down-regulating FBXO2 reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric cancer cells, with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. In summary, our findings suggest that FBXO2-regulated EMT led to carcinogenicity in gastric cancer and may be a novel target in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. 相似文献
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Zhao JJ Pan K Wang W Chen JG Wu YH Lv L Li JJ Chen YB Wang DD Pan QZ Li XD Xia JC 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e33655
Background
Several pieces of evidence indicate that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) are correlated to tumor progression. In the current study, we explore the relationship between TINs and clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, we investigated the prognostic value of TINs.Patients and Methods
The study was comprised of two groups, training group (115 patients) and test group (97 patients). Biomarkers (intratumoral CD15+ neutrophils) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between clinicopathological features and patient outcome were evaluated using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results
Immunohistochemical detection showed that the tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) in the training group ranged from 0.00–115.70 cells/high-power microscopic field (HPF) and the median number was 21.60 cells/HPF. Based on the median number, the patients were divided into high and low TINs groups. Chi-square test analysis revealed that the density of CD15+ TINs was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.024), distance metastasis (p = 0.004) and UICC (International Union Against Cancer) staging (p = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a lower density of TINs had a better prognosis than patients with a higher density of TINs (p = 0.002). Multivariate Cox''s analysis showed that the density of CD15+ TINs was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Using another 97 patients as a test group and basing on the median number of TINs (21.60 cells/HPF) coming from the training group, Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed that patients with a lower density of TINs had a better prognosis than patients with a higher density of TINs (p = 0.032). The results verify that the number of CD15+ TINs can predict the survival of gastric adenocarcinoma surgical patients.Conclusions
The presence of CD15+ TINs is an independent and unfavorable factor in the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Targeting CD15+ TINs may be a potential intervenient therapy in the future. 相似文献6.
《Biomarkers》2013,18(6):444-451
AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on the postoperative complication and long-term outcomes in patients with resectable gastric cancer (GC). A total of 377 patients who underwent curative resection for GC were enrolled. In logistic analysis, PLR (p?=?0.09) was independently associated with the incidence of postoperative complication. The results of multivariate survival analysis showed the NLR and PLR were introduced as prognostic factors for operable GC, the NLR may represent a useful prognostic index for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in advanced GC (p?=?0.021). 相似文献
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PurposeTo investigate the use of dual isocenters for VMAT planning in patients with lymph node positive synchronous bilateral breast cancer (BBC) compared to a single isocenter option.MethodsTreatment plans of 11 patients with lymph node positive BBC were retrospectively analyzed using two different VMAT planning techniques: dual-isocenter split-arc VMAT plans (Iso2) were compared with mono-isocenter VMAT plans (Iso1). For Iso2 plans, PTV dose was investigated after introducing ±2 and ±5 mm couch shift errors between the two isocenters in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical direction.ResultsFor both techniques the planning aims for PTV coverage and OARs were met. The mean dose for the bilateral lungs and heart was reduced from 11.3 Gy and 3.8 Gy to 10.9 Gy (p < .05) and 3.6 Gy (p < .05), respectively, for Iso2 plans when compared to Iso1 plans. Positive statistically significant correlation (rho = 0.76, p = .006) was found between PTV volume and D2ccPTV for Iso1 plans. No clinically significant change was seen in the D98CTV or D2ccPTV after the 2 and 5 mm errors were introduced between isocenters for Iso2 plans.ConclusionsThe split arc method was shown to be a feasible treatment technique in the case of synchronous BBC for both mono and dual isocenter techniques. The dose parameters were slightly favoring dual-isocenter option instead of mono-isocenter. The dual-isocenter method was shown to be a robust treatment option in the presence of ≤5 mm errors in the shifts between the two isocenters. 相似文献
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Background
Previous studies suggested that the molecular subtypes were strongly associated with sentinel lymph node (SLN) status. The purpose of this study was to determine whether molecular subtype classification was associated with non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) metastasis in patients with a positive SLN.Methodology and Principal Findings
Between January 2001 and March 2011, a total of 130 patients with a positive SLN were recruited. All these patients underwent a complete axillary lymph node dissection. The univariate and multivariate analyses of NSLN metastasis were performed. In univariate and multivariate analyses, large tumor size, macrometastasis and high tumor grade were all significant risk factors of NSLN metastasis in patients with a positive SLN. In univariate analysis, luminal B subgroup showed higher rate of NSLN metastasis than other subgroup (P = 0.027). When other variables were adjusted in multivariate analysis, the molecular subtype classification was a determinant of NSLN metastasis. Relative to triple negative subgroup, both luminal A (P = 0.047) and luminal B (P = 0.010) subgroups showed a higher risk of NSLN metastasis. Otherwise, HER2 over-expression subgroup did not have a higher risk than triple negative subgroup (P = 0.183). The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.8095 for the Cambridge model. When molecular subtype classification was added to the Cambridge model, the AUC value was 0.8475.Conclusions
Except for other factors, molecular subtype classification was a determinant of NSLN metastasis in patients with a positive SLN. The predictive accuracy of mathematical models including molecular subtype should be determined in the future. 相似文献10.
Kazuya Higashizono Sachiyo Nomura Koichi Yagi Susumu Aikou Masato Nishida Hiroharu Yamashita Yasuyuki Seto 《World journal of surgical oncology》2018,16(1):229
Background
The reports of pregnancy after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer are rare.Case presentation
We report a case of a 35-year-old woman, gravida 0, para 0, who became pregnant and delivered a baby 2?years and 6?months after laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Postoperatively, she showed a good progress during the follow-up and was continuously taking oral iron supplement and administered with methylcobalamin intramuscular injection. Two years after gastrectomy, she became pregnant. During the pregnancy, she kept taking iron and vitamin B12 supplementation and had a good course of pregnancy and a normal delivery. However, 2?months after the delivery, liver dysfunction was detected via blood examination. The patient switched from exclusive breastfeeding to combined feeding with formula, and her laboratory results returned to normal. During 10?years of follow-up after the delivery, the patient was in good condition without any recurrence and nutritional deficiencies, and her child had thrived.Conclusions
Careful monitoring and management of iron and vitamin deficiencies are essential during pregnancy and the lactation periods for patients who previously underwent total gastrectomy. During the lactation period, a combination of formula and breastfeeding provides maternal and fetal nutritional support.11.
Two series of new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 4a–c and 8a–e were designed and prepared. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro COX-2 selectivity and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Compounds 8c and 8d showed the best overall in vitro COX-2 selectivity (selectivity indexes of 4.56 and 5.68 respectively) and in vivo activities (edema inhibition % = 61.8 and 67 after 3 h, respectively) in comparison with the reference drug celecoxib (S.I. = 7.29, edema inhibition % = 60 after 3 h). In addition, 8c and 8d were evaluated for their mean effective anti-inflammatory doses (ED50 = 27.7 and 18.1 μmol/kg respectively, celecoxib ED50 = 28.2 μmol/kg) and ulcerogenic liability (reduction in ulcerogenic potential versus celecoxib = 85%, 92% respectively. Molecular docking studies were performed and the results were in agreement with that obtained from the in vitro COX inhibition assays. 相似文献
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Shirai Y Sakata J Wakai T Ohashi T Ajioka Y Hatakeyama K 《World journal of surgical oncology》2012,10(1):87
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Assessment of lymph node status is a critical issue in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the anatomical location of positive nodes, number of positive nodes, and lymph node ratio (LNR) as prognostic predictors in gallbladder cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 135 patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent a radical resection with regional lymphadenectomy. A total of 2,245 regional lymph nodes were retrieved (median, 14 per patient). The location of positive nodes was classified according to the AJCC staging manual (7th edition). 'Optimal' cutoff values were determined for the number of positive nodes and LNR based on maximal chi 2 scores calculated with the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Lymph node metastasis was found histologically in 59 (44%) patients. The 'optimal' cutoff values for the number of positive nodes and LNR were determined to be three nodes and 10%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified location of positive nodes (pN0, pN1, pN2; P < 0.001), number of positive nodes (0, 1 to 3, [greater than or equal to]4; P < 0.001), and LNR (0%, 0 to 10%, >10%; P < 0.001) as significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified number of positive nodes as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.004); however, location of positive nodes and LNR failed to remain as an independent variable. CONCLUSIONS: The number of positive lymph nodes better predicts patient outcome after resection than either the location of positive lymph nodes or LNR in gallbladder cancer. Dividing the number of positive lymph nodes into three categories (0, 1 to 3, or [greater than or equal to]4) is valid for stratifying patients based on the prognosis after resection. 相似文献
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Vertebrate developmental biologists typically rely on a limited number of model organisms to understand the evolutionary bases of morphological change. Unfortunately, a typical model system for squamates (lizards and snakes) has not yet been developed leaving many fundamental questions about morphological evolution unaddressed. New model systems would ideally include clades, rather than single species, that are amenable to both laboratory studies of development and field-based analyses of ecology and evolution. Combining an understanding of development with an understanding of ecology and evolution within and between closely related species has the potential to create a seamless understanding of how genetic variation underlies ecologically and evolutionarily relevant variation within populations and between species. Here we briefly introduce a new model system for the integration of development, evolution, and ecology, the lizard genus Anolis, a diverse group of lizards whose ecology and evolution is well understood, and whose genome has recently been sequenced. We present a developmental staging series for Anolis lizards that can act as a baseline for later comparative and experimental studies within this genus. 相似文献
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Akira Nagahara Daizo Oka Atsunari Kawashima Yasutomo Nakai Kazuo Nishimura Atsushi Nagai Norio Nonomura 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,391(4):1641-1646
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) commonly metastasize to the lymph node or lung. However, it remains unclear which genes are associated with TGCT metastasis. The aim of this study was to identify gene(s) that promoted human TGCT metastasis. We intraperitoneally administered conditioned medium (CM) from JKT-1, a cell-line from a human testicular seminoma, or JKT-HM, a JKT-1 cell sub-line with high metastatic potential, into mice with JKT-1 xenografts. Administration of CM from JKT-HM significantly promoted lymph node metastasis. A cDNA microarray analysis showed that JKT-HM cells highly expressed the Serpine peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), which encodes a secreted protein. Administration of CM from SERPINE2-silenced JKT-HM cells inhibited lymph node metastasis in the xenograft model, compared with administration of CM from JKT-HM cells. There was no significant difference in xenograft volume. Moreover, administration of CM from SERPINE2-over-expressing JKT-1 was likely to promote lymph node metastasis in the xenograft model. There was no difference in the in vitro proliferation or migration of JKT-1 cells cultured with CM from JKT-HM cells, compared to that with CM from JKT-1. There was no promotion of proliferation or lymphangiogenesis in the xenografts, as measured by Ki-67 and LYVE-1 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Although we could not clarify how SERPINE2 promoted lymph node metastasis, it may be a promoter in the development of lymph node metastasis in the human seminoma cells in a mouse xenograft model. 相似文献