麻疹减毒活疫苗国家参考品的制备及标定

为了制备麻疹减毒活疫苗国家参考品,选用国内麻疹疫苗生产株沪191制备麻疹疫苗参考品。生产过程中严格控制精密性、水分含量,对候选参考品进行鉴别试验、水分含量、病毒滴度及无菌检查等检验。检验合格后组织进行候选参考品病毒滴度协作标定,共有5个实验室参加了协作标定。协作标定完成后,对实验室内变异、实验室间变异及国际参考品在不同实验室间的变异进行了分析。此外还对疫苗进行了热稳定性和实时稳定性分析。结果显示经5个实验室协作标定后,麻疹减毒活疫苗国家参考品的滴度为4.96±0.26 lgCC ID50/m l,实验室内部变异在1.09%～4.64%之间,实验室间变异为2.62%。国际参考品在不同实验室间的变异为4.19%。稳定性考核数据表明制备的参考品具有较好的稳定性,符合作为麻疹减毒活疫苗国家参考品的要求,滴度为4.96±0.26 lgCC ID50/m l。     

一种快速的活菌计数新方法研究

四唑盐（MTT）比色法是一种检测动物细胞活细胞数的方法。通过改变比色反应温度、反应时间和比色波长,建立了一种快速、准确的活菌计数新方法并将其应用于细菌PBW1培养过程中活菌浓度的测定。结果表明,新方法与平板稀释法的测定结果一致,且具有快速 、方便等优点。     

鼠疫耶尔森菌抗原检测试剂用国家参考品的研制

目的研制鼠疫耶尔森菌(Yersinia pestis)抗原检测试剂用国家参考品。方法通过对5株鼠疫耶尔森菌和10株非鼠疫耶尔森菌的菌种检定、培养及灭活、抗原检测,组建鼠疫耶尔森菌抗原检测试剂用国家参考品。对参考品进行样品均匀性以及稳定性评估,组织5家实验室协作标定。结果参考品由5份阳性、10份阴性、1份最低检出量以及1份重复性样品组成,均匀性和稳定性良好。协作标定结果显示:①5份阳性参考品阳性率100%;②10份阴性参考品阴性率100%;③最低检出量参考品的检出量不高于1.0×10~6个菌/mL;④重复性参考品检测反应结果应一致(酶联免疫法、上转发光免疫层析法等CV<5%)。结论建立的鼠疫耶尔森菌抗原检测试剂用国家参考品填补了相关领域的空白,可用于相关试剂的质量控制。     

淋病奈瑟菌核酸检测试剂盒国家参考品的制备

目的制备淋病奈瑟菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae,NG)核酸检测试剂盒国家参考品。方法分别将10株NG和10株非NG参考菌株在各自适宜的培养基和温度下培养,收获新鲜无污染培养物,用比浊法和显微计数法将不同的培养物制备成10份NG菌悬液阳性参考品、5份精密性参考品和10份非NG菌悬液阴性参考品以及最低检出限参考品,然后利用5种不同来源的NG核酸检测试剂盒验证各种参考品,并考察参考品在不同处理条件下的稳定性。结果每株菌在各自适宜的培养基和温度下培养后,均生长良好,无杂菌污染。经5种试剂盒验证检测,10份阳性参考品的检测结果均为阳性,10份阴性参考品的检测结果均为阴性,精密性参考品检测结果为Ct值的CV均小于5.0%;5种试剂盒的最低检出限均能达到1 000/m L,其中试剂盒B和E的最低检出限达100/m L。参考品在2~8℃放置7 d、3 7℃放置3 d的热稳定性及反复冻融5次以内的稳定性良好。结论制备的NG核酸检测试剂盒国家参考品的准确性、特异性及精密性均符合要求,可用于NG核酸检测试剂盒的质量评价。     

鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗体检测试剂国家参考品的研制

为研制鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗体检测试剂国家参考品,本研究制备了6份F1抗体阳性参考品、8份F1抗体阴性参考品、1份最低检出限参考品和1份重复性参考品,组成了鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗体检测试剂国家参考品。对参考品进行均匀性检查及稳定性评估,并组织4家实验室进行协作标定。结果显示,参考品均匀性及稳定性良好。协作标定结果显示,6份阳性参考品阳性率均为100%;8份阴性参考品阴性率均为100%;最低检出限参考品的检出水平介于1～100倍稀释度;重复性参考品检测结果一致(其中酶联免疫法及上转发光法试剂检测结果的变异系数均小于15%)。结果表明,本研究建立的鼠疫耶尔森菌F1抗体检测试剂国家参考品基本符合体外诊断试剂参考品的要求,可用于相关试剂的质量评价。     

一种快速的活菌计数新方法研究*

四唑盐（MTT）比色法是一种检测动物细胞活细胞数的方法。通过改变比色反应温度、反应时间和比色波长,建立了一种快速、准确的活菌计数新方法并将其应用于细菌PBW1培养过程中活菌浓度的测定。结果表明,新方法与平板稀释法的测定结果一致,且具有快速、方便等优点。     

HIV-1 P24抗原国家参考品的研制

收集正常人、HIV感染者和疑似感染者血浆以及HIV-1病毒培养裂解液,对其进行HIV抗体、HIV P24抗原、HCV抗体和HBsAg检测,对HIV P 24抗原阳性者进行HIVRNA检测,并对部分样品进行基因分型.以NIBSCP 24抗原标准品的系列稀释样品作为线性灵敏度参考品.经过实验筛选出20份阴性参考品,10份阳性参考品,10份线性灵敏度参考品,2份精密性参考品,共同组成HIV-1 P24抗原国家参考品,经多家不同的试剂进行标定,制定了相应的标准.稳定性研究结果表明,反复冻融三次对该参考品的稳定性没有影响.由此,初步建立了HIV-1 P24抗原国家参考品,该参考品将对HIV-1 P24抗原、HIV抗体/P 24抗原联合检测试剂的质量控制提供重要依据.     

计算活菌的最可能数值的通用计算机程序

作者提出了一种使用BASIC语言的计算活菌的最可能数(MPN)值的计算机程序。该程序可用于计算任意个平行管数和任意稀释倍数下的MPN值,并能作95%置信水平的区间估计和进行拟合度检验。     

仪器法测定口服酪酸梭菌散剂活菌数的研究与应用

目的 利用BD FACSMicroCountTM全自动微生物计数分析系统测定口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂中的活菌数,以探索BD FACSMicroCountTM全自动微生物计数分析系统测定微生态制剂活菌数的可行性。方法 按照《BD FACSMicroCountTM全自动微生物计数分析系统使用说明书》对该药品的活菌数进行测定。结果 仪器所测得数据与药品包装上理论活菌数基本相符。结论 可使用BD FACSMicroCountTM全自动微生物计数分析系统测定微生态制剂活菌数。     

HIV-1 P24抗原国家参考品的研制

收集正常人、HIV感染者和疑似感染者血浆以及HIV-1病毒培养裂解液,对其进行HIV抗体、HIVP24抗原、HCV抗体和HBsAg检测,对HIVP24抗原阳性者进行HIVRNA检测,并对部分样品进行基因分型。以NIBSCP24抗原标准品的系列稀释样品作为线性灵敏度参考品。经过实验筛选出20份阴性参考品,10份阳性参考品,10份线性灵敏度参考品,2份精密性参考品,共同组成HIV-1P24抗原国家参考品,经多家不同的试剂进行标定,制定了相应的标准。稳定性研究结果表明,反复冻融三次对该参考品的稳定性没有影响。由此,初步建立了HIV-1P24抗原国家参考品,该参考品将对HIV-1P24抗原、HIV抗体/P24抗原联合检测试剂的质量控制提供重要依据。     

Influence of fluoride on the bacterial composition of a dual-species biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis

Despite the widespread use of fluoride for the prevention of dental caries, few studies have demonstrated the effects of fluoride on the bacterial composition of dental biofilms. This study investigated whether fluoride affects the proportion of Streptococcus mutans and S. oralis in mono- and dual-species biofilm models, via microbiological, biochemical, and confocal fluorescence microscope studies. Fluoride did not affect the bacterial count and bio-volume of S. mutans and S. oralis in mono-species biofilms, except for the 24-h-old S. mutans biofilms. However, fluoride reduced the proportion and bio-volume of S. mutans but did not decrease those of S. oralis during both S. oralis and S. mutans dual-species biofilm formation, which may be related to the decrease in extracellular polysaccharide formation by fluoride. These results suggest that fluoride may prevent the shift in the microbial proportion to cariogenic bacteria in dental biofilms, subsequently inhibiting the cariogenic bacteria dominant biofilm formation.     

猪链球菌7型噬菌体裂解酶Ly7917催化域的裂菌活性

【目的】揭示链球菌噬菌体裂解酶Ly7917催化域CHAP的核心功能域,为进一步改造裂解酶提供理论依据。【方法】通过表达纯化分别从N端截短的Ly7917及从C端截短的Ly CHAP各蛋白,基于平板裂解试验和浊度递减试验,比较各截短蛋白之间的活性差异,以及添加Ca2+后各蛋白的活性变化。【结果】发现催化域蛋白Ly CHAP与Ly7917全酶的活性差异不显著,Ly CHAP的N端序列对其活性影响较大,不宜截短;而C端依次截短后,活性逐渐降低。C端截短20个氨基酸的Ly CHAP1-130,在添加1 mmol/L Ca2+后活性最强。【结论】Ly7917催化域CHAP的核心功能域为1-130 aa,推测其具有Ca2+结合区域,并发现Ly CHAP1-130在Ca2+参与下裂菌活性可媲美Ly7917全酶。预示着Ly CHAP1-130可以替代全酶应用于之后的临床试验。     

Multifactorial experimental design for optimizing transformation: Electroporation of Streptococcus thermophilus

A multifactorial process was used to optimize transformation of Streptococcus thermophilus by electroporation. Simple experimental designs were applied to study three, four, or five factors in eight experiments. Four qualitative factors, growth and recovering media, and plasmid and bacterial strains, were studied empirically. Eight quantitative factors, including electrical, physiological, and chemical parameters, were studied by fractional factorial designs. Effects of individual parameters as well as interactions between them were investigated and optimized. Optimization was performed for one S. thermophilus strain, ST11, and proved to work for all other tested strains of the same species. Transformation efficiencies of 9 x 10(2) to 6 x 10(5) transformants per microgram DNA were achieved, depending on the strains and vectors used. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A simple method to evaluate the concentration of pentachlorophenol degraders in contaminated soils

A new most probable number (MPN) method for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) degraders in soil using the change in pH due to PCP degradation is compared with a well documented MPN method using radiolabeled PCP. The results of all MPN counts were similar within a 95% confidence limit. The results obtained in MPN per gram of dry soil using pH measurements were 1.8 (+3.1, -1.03) x10 (4) compared to 0.64 (+1.34, -0.42) x 10(4) when using production of [(14)C]CO(2).     

Investigation of bacterioplankton in the loess-containing lake Khanka

Some characteristics of bacterioplankton—generation time, daily (P) and specific (P/B) bacterioplankton production, and bacterial metabolic coefficientK ₂—in the loess-containing Lake Khanka were determined using five modifications of the bacterial-count procedure with the fluorescent dyes fluorescamin and erythrosin. Experiments showed that the organomineral complex (OMC) in this lake is broken down by chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria. The increase in the loess content of the lake water intensified bacterial growth and the cycles of potassium, silicon, and other biogenic elements. The addition of starch to a loess suspension activated the breakdown of OMC due to the adsorption of starch on the OMC/water interface and stimulation of the metabolism of attached bacteria.     

Identification of the Streptococcus gordonii glmM gene encoding phosphoglucosamine mutase and its role in bacterial cell morphology, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to antibiotics

Phosphoglucosamine mutase (EC 5.4.2.10) catalyzes the interconversion of glucosamine-6-phosphate into glucosamine-1-phosphate, an essential step in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of peptidoglycan precursor uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine. The gene (glmM) of Escherichia coli encoding the enzyme has been identified previously. We have now identified a glmM homolog in Streptococcus gordonii, an early colonizer on the human tooth and an important cause of infective endocarditis, and have confirmed that the gene encodes phosphoglucosamine mutase by assaying the enzymatic activity of the recombinant GlmM protein. Insertional glmM mutant of S. gordonii did not produce GlmM, and had a growth rate that was approximately half that of the wild type. Morphological analyses clearly indicated that the glmM mutation causes marked elongation of the streptococcal chains, enlargement of bacterial cells, and increased roughness of the bacterial cell surface. Furthermore, the glmM mutation reduces biofilm formation and increases sensitivity to penicillins relative to wild type. All of these phenotypic changes were also observed in a glmM deletion mutant, and were restored by the complementation with plasmid-borne glmM. These results suggest that, in S. gordonii, mutations in glmM appear to influence bacterial cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to penicillins.