共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Abdollah Khadivi-Khub Shahin Jahangirzadeh Elahe Ahadi Samad Aliyoun 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2014,300(8):1803-1817
This study was conducted to reveal genetic diversity among 23 local apple genotypes using nuclear (RAPD) and chloroplast DNA (PCR-cpRFLP) markers. Eleven RAPD primers and four cpDNA primer combinations were used in this study. RAPD primers produced a total of 77 polymorphic fragments with an average of seven bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic bands (68.14 %) showed the efficiency of used RAPD primers in distinguishing all the genotypes considered. Genetic similarity between studied genotypes varied from 0.38 to 0.72 and cluster analysis showed the abundant diversity, indicating high intraspecific genetic variation between Iranian apple genotypes. From the four universal chloroplast primer pairs, three primer pairs amplified the fragments and their combinations showed polymorphic patterns and revealed intraspecific chloroplast variation. The information will facilitate germplasm identification, conservation and new cultivar development. 相似文献
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Avinash Kumar Vijay Rani Rajpal Ravinder Raina Manju Chaudhary Soom Nath Raina 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2014,300(9):2061-2071
Population genetic analysis in the important endangered medicinal and aromatic plant species, Valeriana jatamansi, provided, first time, insights into the identification of novel sources of genetic variation as an aid for improvement and domestication, and for optimizing conservation strategies. The 75 genotypes of V. jatamansi were collected from 36 locations across northeast to northwest Indian Himalayas of ~1,000 km, harbouring variable climatic and ecological conditions and rugged rocky terrain. The known protocols for DNA extraction failed to yield quality DNA in good quantity. A new protocol was standardized for this purpose. All the three (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP) DNA markers were successful in detecting polymorphism in V. jatamansi genotypes, and the ISSR marker, vis-à-vis RAPD and AFLP markers, generated the highest level of polymorphism. The RAPD, ISSR and AFLP fingerprints with 23 and 15 primers and 8 primer combinations, respectively, revealed 85.8, 89.0 and 67.7 % polymorphism among 141, 91 and 37 genetic loci amplified from the 75 genotypes, respectively. The AMOVA analysis of AFLP (55.0, 8.3, 36.7 %), RAPD (57.4, 11.9, 30.6 %) and ISSR (76.0, 4.8, 19.1 %) data indicated that more variation existed in differences in genotypes within populations than between populations within a region and between regions, respectively. The present comprehensive input will assist in effective management and (or) devising conservation strategies of this important medicinal plant species. This study reports the start of a molecular biology programme targeting nuclear genome of V. jatamansi, the genetics of which is very little known. 相似文献
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Molecular genetic analysis was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) on three commonly used laboratory bred rodent genera viz. mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) as sampled from the breeding colony maintained at the Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow. In this study, 60 samples, 20 from each genus, were analyzed for evaluation of genetic structure of rodent stocks based on polymorphic bands using RAPD markers. Thirty five random primers were assessed for RAPD analysis. Out of 35, only 20 primers generated a total of 56.88 % polymorphic bands among mice, rats and guinea pigs. The results revealed significantly variant and distinct fingerprint patterns specific to each of the genus. Within-genera analysis, the highest (89.0 %) amount of genetic homogeneity was observed in mice samples and the least (79.3 %) were observed in guinea pig samples. The amount of genetic homogeneity was observed very high within all genera. The average genetic diversity index observed was low (0.045) for mice and high (0.094) for guinea pigs. The inter-generic distances were maximum (0.8775) between mice and guinea pigs; and the minimum (0.5143) between rats and mice. The study proved that the RAPD markers are useful as genetic markers for assessment of genetic structure as well as inter-generic variability assessments. 相似文献
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Ming Xu Hongzhi Xu Zhiyong Qin Jie Zhang Xiaoyu Yang Feng Xu 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2014,70(1):443-447
To compare the mRNA level of angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in cultured human brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) endothelial cells (ECs) and normal brain endothelial cells (BECs). Tissue explants both from deformed vessels of AVM and normal microvessel were put into culture for endothelial cells. After the monolayer adherent ECs reached confluence, they were tested with endothelial specific marker CD34 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) by immunochemical assay. mRNA levels of VEGF-A, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in AVM endothelial cells (AVMECs) and BECs were measured by PCR. Immunostaining confirmed that more than 95 % of the cultured cells were CD34 (Fig. 1b) and/or vWF positive. Expression levels of VEGF-A and MMP-2 mRNAs were significantly higher in AVMECs than in BECs. The MMP-9 level was also increased in AVMECs, but the difference was not statistically significant. Vascular tissue explants adherent method is a better approach for isolation and culture of AVMECs. Cultured AVMECs expressed higher angiogenic factors (VEGF, MMP-2) than the controlled BECs, implicating angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AVM. 相似文献
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Dietary l-glutamine supplementation modulates microbial community and activates innate immunity in the mouse intestine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wenkai Ren Jielin Duan Jie Yin Gang Liu Zhong Cao Xia Xiong Shuai Chen Tiejun Li Yulong Yin Yongqing Hou Guoyao Wu 《Amino acids》2014,46(10):2403-2413
This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary supplementation with 1 % l-glutamine for 14 days on the abundance of intestinal bacteria and the activation of intestinal innate immunity in mice. The measured variables included (1) the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium in the lumen of the small intestine; (2) the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antibacterial substances secreted by Paneth cells and goblet cells in the jejunum, ileum and colon; and (3) the activation of TLR4-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K)/PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways in the jejunum and ileum. In the jejunum, glutamine supplementation decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, while increased mRNA levels for antibacterial substances in association with the activation of NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. In the ileum, glutamine supplementation induced a shift in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in favor of Bacteroidetes, and enhanced mRNA levels for Tlr4, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antibacterial substances participating in NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. These results indicate that the effects of glutamine on the intestine vary with its segments and compartments. Collectively, dietary glutamine supplementation of mice beneficially alters intestinal bacterial community and activates the innate immunity in the small intestine through NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. 相似文献
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Silvia Brem Edna Grünblatt Renate Drechsler Peter Riederer Susanne Walitza 《Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders》2014,6(3):175-202
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. The high comorbidity of ADHD and OCD with each other, especially of ADHD in paediatric OCD, is well described. OCD and ADHD often follow a chronic course with persistent rates of at least 40–50 %. Family studies showed high heritability in ADHD and OCD, and some genetic findings showed similar variants for both disorders of the same pathogenetic mechanisms, whereas other genetic findings may differentiate between ADHD and OCD. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggest that partly similar executive functions are affected in both disorders. The deficits in the corresponding brain networks may be responsible for the perseverative, compulsive symptoms in OCD but also for the disinhibited and impulsive symptoms characterizing ADHD. This article reviews the current literature of neuroimaging, neurochemical circuitry, neuropsychological and genetic findings considering similarities as well as differences between OCD and ADHD. 相似文献
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Jiamei Lu Yanting Zhu Wei Feng Yilin Pan Shaojun Li Dong Han Lu Liu Xinming Xie Guizuo Wang Manxiang Li 《Journal of biosciences》2014,39(4):693-700
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is associated with the production of collagen in airway remodelling of asthma. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-13 induction of collagen remain unclear; the aim of this study is to address this issue. IL-13 dose- and time-dependently-induced collagen I production in primary cultured airway fibroblasts; this was accompanied with the STAT6 phosphorylation, and pre-treatment of cells with JAK inhibitor suppressed IL-13-induced collagen I production. Further study indicated that IL-13 stimulated JAK/STAT6-dependent PDGF production and subsequent ERK1/2 MAPK activation in airway fibroblasts, and the presence of either PDGF receptor blocker or MEK inhibitor partially suppressed IL-13-induced collagen I production. Taken together, our study suggests that activation of JAK/STAT6 signal pathway and subsequent PDGF generation and resultant ERK1/2 MAPK activation mediated IL-13-induced collagen I production in airway fibroblasts. 相似文献
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Jia-Wei Zeng Xue-Lin Zeng Fei-Ya Li Ming-Ming Ma Feng Yuan Jie Liu Xiao-Fei Lv Guan-Lei Wang Yong-Yuan Guan 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2014,19(9):1317-1329
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) acts as a cAMP-dependent chloride channel, has been studied in various types of cells. CFTR is abundantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and closely linked to vascular tone regulation. However, the functional significance of CFTR in basilar vascular smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) remains elusive. Accumulating evidence has shown the direct role of CFTR in cell apoptosis that contributes to several main pathological events in CF, such as inflammation, lung injury and pancreatic insufficiency. We therefore investigated the role of CFTR in BASMC apoptotic process induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that H2O2-induced cell apoptosis was parallel to a significant decrease in endogenous CFTR protein expression. Silencing CFTR with adenovirus-mediated CFTR specific siRNA further enhanced H2O2-induced BASMC injury, mitochondrial cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression and oxidized glutathione levels; while decreased cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione levels, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The pharmacological activation of CFTR with forskolin produced the opposite effects. These results strongly suggest that CFTR may modulate oxidative stress-related BASMC apoptosis through the cAMP- and mitochondria-dependent pathway and regulating endogenous antioxidant defense system. 相似文献
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ChanKyu Kang Robert W. Ashurst Jae-Jin Shim Yun Suk Huh Changhyun Roh 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2014,37(10):1997-2004
Here, we present a simple method for controlling the density of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a modified silicon substrate, by destabilizing the colloidal Au NPs with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxylsilane (3-MPTMS) for microelectromechanical-system-based applications to reduce tribological issues. A silicon surface was pretreated with a 3-MPTMS solution, immediately after which thiolated Au NPs were added to it, resulting in their uniform deposition on the silicon substrate. Without any material property change of the colloidal Au NPs, we observed the formation of large clusters Au NPs on the modified silicon surface. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the addition of 3-MPTMS resulted in an alternation of the chemical characteristics of the solution. Atomic force microscopy imaging supported the notion that silicon surface modification is the most important factor on tribological properties of materials along with ligand-modified Au NPs. The density of Au NPs on a silicon surface was significantly dependent on several factors, including the concentration of colloidal Au NPs, deposition time, and concentration of 3-MPTMS solution, while temperature range which was used throughout experiment was determined to have no significant effect. A relatively high density of Au NPs forms on the silicon surface as the concentrations of Au NPs and 3-MPTMS are increased. In addition, the maximum deposition of Au NPs on silicon wafer was observed at 3 h, while the effects of temperature variation were minimal. 相似文献
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Michael Sung Eric Wei Eduardo Chavez Neha Jain Soledad Levano Laura Binkert Alessia Ramseier Cristian Setz Daniel Bodmer Allen F. Ryan Yves Brand 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2014,34(7):1011-1021
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in modeling of the extracellular matrix. There is increasing evidence that these proteases are important in neurite elongation and axonal guidance during development in the central nervous system and retina. Moreover, they are also expressed after acute injury and can be the key mediators of pathogenesis. However, the role of MMPs in the inner ear is largely unknown. Our group recently demonstrated that general inhibition of MMPs resulted in auditory hair cell loss in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the role of MMPs in inner ear spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) survival, neuritogenesis and neurite extension by blocking MMPs known to be involved in axonal guidance, neurite elongation, and apoptosis in other neuronal systems. Spiral ganglion (SG) explants from 5-day-old Wistar rats were treated with different concentrations of the general MMP inhibitor GM6001, a specific MMP-2 inhibitor, and a specific MMP-9 inhibitor, in vitro. The general inhibitor of MMPs and the specific inhibition of MMP-2 significantly reduced both the number of neurites that extended from SG explants, as well as the length of individual neurites. However, neither the general inhibitor of MMPs nor the specific inhibition of MMP-2 influenced SGN survival. Inhibition of MMP-9 had no influence on SGNs. The data suggest that MMPs, and more specifically MMP-2, influence the growth of developing afferent neurites in the mammalian inner ear in vivo. 相似文献
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Kyu-Shik Lee Do-Hyung Lee Yun-Suk Kwon So-Young Chun Kyung-Soo Nam 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2014,19(4):733-739
A previous investigation showed that deep-sea water (DSW) can affect the expression of genes that regulate metastasis, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DSW on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cell migration and also explored the mechanism of DSW-induced anti-metastatic potential in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Cytokine-induced expression of iNOS, which is highly expressed in colon cancer and enhances cancer growth and metastasis, was decreased in a hardness-dependent manner by DSW. Also, the wound healing assay revealed that DSW inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell migration in a hardness-dependent manner. DSW also decreased the phosphorylation of various MAPKs, including p38, ERK and JNK, and suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB but not c-Jun. The results suggest that DSW may inhibit cancer cell growth related to iNOS overexpression and PKC-mediated cell migration in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas and the antimetastatic potential of DSW may be regulated by prevention of NF-κB nuclear translocation via inhibition of p38, ERK and JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrates that DSW inhibits cancer growth and metastasis via down-regulation of iNOS expression and the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. 相似文献
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Cardiac fibroblasts are known to be essential for adaptive responses in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and increased intercellular communication of myocardial cells and cardiac fibroblasts acts as a crucial factor in maintaining the functional integrity of the heart. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a key stress signaling kinase, which plays an important role in promoting cell survival and improving cell function. However, the underlying link between AMPK and gap junctional communication (GJIC) is still poorly understood. In this study, a connection between AMPK and GJIC in high glucose-mediated neonatal cardiac fibroblasts was assessed using fibroblast migration, measurement of dye transfer and connexin43 (Cx43) expression. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and Compound C (CC) were used to regulate AMPK activity. The levels of cell migration and Cx43 protein expression in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts increased during high glucose treatment, accompanied by developed dye transfer. In addition, high glucose induced abundant phosphorylation of AMPK. Suppression of AMPK phosphorylation using CC reduced dye transfer, cell migration and Cx43 protein expression in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, whereas the activation of AMPK using AICAR mimicked the high glucose-mediated cell migration, Cx43 protein expression and dye transfer enhancement. AMPK appears to participate in regulating GJIC in high-glucose-treated neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, including cell migration, dye transfer, Cx43 expression and distribution. 相似文献
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Justin Gerlach Michael J. Samways Axel Hochkirch Mary Seddon Pedro Cardoso Viola Clausnitzer Neil Cumberlidge B. A. Daniel Scott Hoffman Black Jürgen Ott Paul H. Williams 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2014,18(4):573-586
The IUCN Red List of threatened species is biased towards vertebrate animals, a major limitation on its utility for overall biodiversity assessment. There is a need to increase the representation of invertebrates (currently 21 % of species assessed on the List; <1 % of all invertebrates). A prioritisation system of terrestrial and freshwater groups is presented here, categorising taxa by species richness, assessment practicality, value for human land use and bioindication, and potential to act as conservation flagships. 25 major taxonomic groupings were identified as priorities, including the Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Onycophora. Of these, the high-level taxa that emerge as highest priorities are Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Araneae (spiders), Mantophasmatodea (heelwalkers), Plecoptera (stoneflies), non-marine Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Oligochaetes (earthworms), Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), Decapoda (crayfish, crabs, shrimps) and Diptera (flies). Of these Red Listing is well advanced for Decapoda, freshwater Mollusca and Odonata. This leaves eight higher taxa with currently a minimum or patchy Red List assessment coverage. We recommend that Red List assessments in future focus on these groups, as well as completion of assessments for terrestrial Molluscs and Odonata. However, we also recommend realism, and as some of groups are very large, it will be necessary to focus on subsets such as certain functionally important or charismatic taxa or on a sampled subset which is representative of a larger taxon. 相似文献
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Oceania D’Apolito Daniela Garofalo Monica Gelzo Debora Paris Dominique Melck Rosa Calemma Francesco Izzo Giuseppe Palmieri Giuseppe Castello Andrea Motta Gaetano Corso 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2014,10(5):1026-1035
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very aggressive neoplasia requiring early and accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes with timely treatment. The liver is also very frequently colonized by metastases, and the most frequent differential diagnosis is HCC against intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or metastatic adenocarcinoma. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for identification of altered biomarkers in cancer, and to evaluate the efficacy of drug treatments. Here we analyzed by HILIC-MS/MS methylated arginines, basic amino acids (Arg, Cit, Orn), and their ratios in the extracts of primary HCC tissues, liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma (MET), cirrhotic related hepatitis-C-virus (CIR), and non-cirrhotic normal liver (NT) adjacent tissues. We found high levels of Arg (p < 0.0001) and Arg/Orn (p < 0.01) in MET compared to other tissues. In MET, compared to NT and CIR, Arg concentration was fivefold higher, while in HCC it was twofold higher. ADMA increased twofold compared to NT and CIR, while in HCC it was 50 % higher. Arg/Cit and ADMA/SDMA ratios were significantly higher in MET compared to NT and CIR (p < 0.005). Arg/Orn, Arg/Cit, and ADMA/SDMA ratios increased progressively from NT, CIR, HCC, to MET tissues. Arg/Cit correlated significantly with Arg/Orn ratios (r = 0.77; p < 0.0001), and discriminates tumor from non-tumor samples. In addition, the discriminant lactate/glucose ratio we previously found by NMR, also correlated significantly with the Arg levels (r = 0.64; p < 0.0001), and discriminated MET from all other tissues. The results indicated that Arg in MET is higher than other tissue classes, suggesting that, together with the lactate/glucose ratio, it can be considered a further biomarker for HCC-metastases differentiation. 相似文献
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Sun Young Park Beung Gu Son Young Hoon Park Cheol-Min Kim Geuntae Park Young-Whan Choi 《Neurochemical research》2014,39(9):1759-1766
As a part of ongoing studies to elucidate pharmacologically active components of Schisandra chinensis, we isolated and studied α-iso-cubebene. The neuroprotective mechanisms of α-iso-cubebene in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were investigated. α-Iso-cubebene significantly inhibited cytotoxicity and apoptosis due to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with α-iso-cubebene reduced intracellular accumulation of ROS and calcium in response to 6-OHDA. The neuroprotective effects of α-iso-cubebene were found to result from protecting the mitochondrial membrane potential. Notably, α-iso-cubebene inhibited the release of apoptosis-inducing factor from the mitochondria into the cytosol and nucleus after 6-OHDA treatment. α-Iso-cubebene also induced the activation of PKA/PKB/CREB/Nrf2 and suppressed 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. α-Iso-cubebene was found to induce phosphorylation of PKA and PKB and activate Nrf2 and CREB signaling pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, α-iso-cubebene stimulated the expression of the antioxidant response genes NQO1 and HO-1. Finally, α-iso-cubebene-mediated neuroprotective effects were found to be reversible after transfection with CREB and Nrf2 small interfering RNAs. 相似文献
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Ming-Huei Liao Shyh-Shyan Liu I-Chin Peng Feng-Jen Tsai Han Hsiang Huang 《Cell and tissue research》2014,357(3):681-693
Skin fibroblasts modulate tissue repair, wound healing and immunological responses. Adrenergic receptors (ARs) mediate important physiological functions, such as endocrine, metabolic and neuronal activity. In this study, the expression α1A-ARs in human skin fibroblasts is examined and verified. Regulatory effects of α1-agonist cirazoline on cell migration and the production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), hyaluronan (HA), fibronectin and procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide (PIP) by human skin fibroblasts are assessed and validated. α1A-AR mRNA and protein were found in human skin fibroblasts WS1. Exposure of cirazoline doubled skin fibroblast migration and the increase in cell migration was attenuated by α1-antagonist prazosin. TGF-β1 mRNA and production were enhanced after exposure to cirazoline and IGF-1 production was also increased after treatment with cirazoline. Exposure to cirazoline also enhanced HA and PIP production. The increases in TGF-β1, IGF-1, HA and PIP production were partially abolished in fibroblasts transfected with α1A-AR short interfering RNAs, indicating that α1A-ARs are involved in the cirazoline-induced increases in TGF-β1, IGF-1, HA and PIP production. Thus, α1A-ARs are stably expressed and stimulate cell migration and TGF-β1, IGF-1, HA and PIP production in human skin fibroblasts. Moreover, TGF-β1, IGF-1, HA and PIP production and the cell migration of human skin fibroblasts are possibly modulated by natural catecholamines produced by the endocrine system or sympathetic innervation, which could directly or indirectly participate in cytokine secretion, fibroblast migration and matrix production of wound healing in the skin. 相似文献