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1.
  • 1.1. A variety of haematological parameters were determined in adult Dasyurus viverrinus.
  • 2.2. Haemoglobin and red cell counts were high with a very low mean cell volume.
  • 3.3. Basophils are absent but the eosinophils contain small numbers of basophilic granules which may indicate a dual role for this cell.
  • 4.4. “Ring Form” leucocytes are present.
  • 5.5. Three types of red cell picture could be identified, some animals showing large numbers of spherocytes, spicule cells, and inclusion bodies.
  • 6.6. These cells resemble those found in some inherited human haemolytic anaemias but there was no evidence of haemolysis in the animals.
  • 7.7. An alkali resistant haemoglobin component is present.
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2.
  • 1.1. Oxygen equilibrium curves were measured on trout red blood cell suspensions at pH 7.8 and 8.4 at 15, 20 and 25 C. Normal red cells and red cells that had been depleted of their ATP content were used.
  • 2.2. The equilibrium data were fitted to the Adair's model and the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) changes for the first and fourth steps of oxygenation and for overall oxygenation were calculated from the temperature dependencies of the Adair constants.
  • 3.3. For normal red blood cells, the apparent heat for the first oxygenation step, δh1, is close to zero.
  • 4.4. Temperature insensitivity of this step at physiological pH, combined with a large pH dependence, probably denotes a property of Hb4, the Root effect Hb of trout blood.
  • 5.5. At pH 7.8, ΔH4 is about —4kcal/mol, a small value which may be attributed to the large release of Bohr protons that occurs at the last oxygenation step and corresponds to an endothermic process which opposes to the exothermic oxygenation of the haem.
  • 6.6. The ΔH4 value appears to have a large influence on the enthalpy for overall oxygenation.
  • 7.7. Results for ATP-free red cells are consistent with a mere increase in the intracellular pH and suggest that ATP has no specific effect at and above pHi ~ 7.7.
  • 8.8. Effects of temperature and pH on trout red blood cell isotherms emphasize the primary importance of the major component of trout blood, namely Hb4, in trout blood functional properties.
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3.
  • 1.1. Babesia hylomysci has an aminopeptidase and an acid endoprotease
  • 2.2. The amino-peptidase has properties very similar to the aminopeptidase in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis and P. chabaudi.
  • 3.3. The acid endoprotease is specific towards haemoglobin and practically has no action on bovine serum albumin.
  • 4.4. In mouse normal red blood cells we find an acid protease having physico-chemical properties similar to the enzyme present in B. hylomysci extracts.
  • 5.5. The similarity of electrophoretic velocity between acid protease in B. hylomysci and non-infected red blood cells leads us to think that the acid protease of parasitic extracts comes from the host-cell.
  • 6.6. The proteolytic system of Babesia and Plasmodium are similar.
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4.
  • 1.1. Carp red cells were treated with drugs that affect the cell membranes. The water content of the cells and the accumulation of cAMP in the cells were measured in normoxia and in hypoxia using non-stimulated and adrenergically stimulated cells.
  • 2.2. WGA, DIDS + CCCP and A23187 increased the water content of nonstimulated normoxic cells.
  • 3.3. In hypoxia ouabain and DIDS + CCCP increased the water content but cytochalasin B, NPM, DIDS, CCCP and A23187 + CA2+ abolished the hypoxia-induced swelling.
  • 4.4. Any membrane perturbation induced some cAMP formation, Sophora and Anquilla lectins being most potent.
  • 5.5. Also in adrenergically stimulated cells, membrane perturbation generally increased cAMP formation.
  • 6.6. However, cAMP accumulation diminished in cells treated with cytochalasin B, CCCP and DIDS + CCCP.
  • 7.7. The adrenergic swelling of carp red cells was reduced in normoxia by DIDS. NPM and CCCP increased the adrenergic swelling in normoxia to hypoxic level.
  • 8.8. In hypoxia WGA and Anquilla lectin decreased the swelling.
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5.
6.
  • 1.1. Scale regeneration was examined in Oreochromis niloticus under normal, dietary calcium-deficient, and both dietary and ambient water calcium-deficient conditions.
  • 2.2. Calcium contents of regenerating scales were dependent on the calcium status of the fish, but areal growth of the scales was independent.
  • 3.3. Transient hypocalcemia accompanied with a loss of calcium from original scales was observed in descaled fish in dietary calcium deficiency, and intact and descaled fish in both dietary and ambient water calcium deficiency.
  • 4.4. The results suggested that calcium mobilized from internal sources was insufficient and both water and dietary calcium were necessary for normal calcification of the regenerating scales.
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7.
  • 1.1. Amino acid composition of human and guinea pig blood proteins, and ovarian proteins of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti was analyzed.
  • 2.2. The lower isoleucine content in human hemoglobin possibly caused the lower egg production by A. aegypti following feeding on human than guinea pig blood.
  • 3.3. Supplementation of human red blood cell or whole blood with isoleucine resulted in a greater egg production per mg of ingested medium than when fed human red blood cell or whole blood alone.
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8.
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Highlights
  • •Phosphorylation on Y139 of the sheath protein IglB of Francisella.
  • •IglB substitutions Y139A, Y139D or Y139E prevent T6SS formation.
  • •Y139F substitution delays but does not abolish phagosomal escape in macrophages.
  • •Insight into the role of sheath phosphorylation in T6SS biogenesis.
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9.
  • 1.1. Seasonal changes of circulating blood parameters of Natrix n. natrix were evident and involved both sexes to the same extent.
  • 2.2. A significant decrease in red cell count, haematocrit and haemaglobin concentration in the mating period, and an increase in those parameters and mean cell volume in autumn were observed, and haemodilution during winter torpor.
  • 3.3. The changes during the breeding season had probably a hormonal background; in winter, they resulted first of all from a decreased erythropoietic activity and, to a lesser extent, from an increased red blood cell breakdown rate. However, the possibility that some erythrocytes were withdrawn from the circulation cannot be excluded.
  • 4.4. Winter lymphocytopenia, eosinocytopenia and neutrophilic granulocytosis in females during egg laying were expressions of changes of leucocyte formula.
  • 5.5. Seasonal cyclicity was found only with respect to the white cell count in males and the eosinophile fraction in males and females.
  • 6.6. Probable reasons for, and mechanisms of the changes in blood composition are discussed.
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10.
  • 1.1. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on the proliferation of normal lymphocytes and certain T-lymphomas and myelomas under in vitro conditions.
  • 2.2. The results revealed that administration of 200 μM melatonin inhibited significantly the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into both normal mouse and human lymphocytes and T-lymphoblastoid cell lines.
  • 3.3. On the contrary, melatonin provoked an increase of myeloma cell proliferation.
  • 4.4. The influence of melatonin on hybridoma cell lines was negligible.
  • 5.5. Collectively, these data demonstrated that the chief pineal indole affect selectively the processes of lymphoblastoid cell growth.
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11.
  • 1.1. Starving Notothenia coriiceps nn/lecta at 1°C for 20 days resulted in a loss of 4.22 gcal/kcal per day.
  • 2.2. During starvation energy was obtained from lipid and carbohydrate stores of the liver and red muscle.
  • 3.3. Feeding N. coriiceps neglecta low lipid, high protein shrimp meat at 18.9 gcal/kcal per day at 1°C for 20 days resulted in a gain of 8.5 gcal/kcal per day.
  • 4.4. The level of carbohydrate in the liver and red muscle increased five times.
  • 5.5. Gross growth efficiency (K1) equalled 0.52.
  • 6.6. Net growth efficiency (K2) equalled 0.67.
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12.
  • 1.1. The oxygen consumption of red and green Carcinus in normoxic and hypoxic sea water was determined, using an oxygen electrode in a sealed respirometer.
  • 2.2. The red crabs had significantly higher “excited” oxygen uptake rates and a lower ability to compensate for hypoxia than the green crabs.
  • 3.3. Red Carcinus display an emersion response to declining oxygen at lower oxygen tensions than the green crabs.
  • 4.4. Mortality of red crabs exposed to prolonged anoxia was much greater.
  • 5.5. The relationship of these findings to the zonation of the two colour forms on the shore is discussed.
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13.
  • 1.1. When protoporphyrin is added to normal red cells it distributes to about 30% in the stroma and 70% in the cytosol. By comparison, in erythropoietic protoporphyria red cell protoporphyrin is found to more than 95% in the cytosol.
  • 2.2. At equimolar concentrations of protoporphyrin the photohemolysis is much more severe in normal red cells with exogenous protoporphyrin than in red cells from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
  • 3.3. The photohemolysis is markedly enhanced when D2O is used as solvent instead of H2O.
  • 4.4. The results suggest that the photodamage is determined by the ability of susceptible structures to accumulate porphyrins, the partition of porphyrins between lipophilic and hydrophilic structures and the longevity of singlet oxygen in lipophilic environments.
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14.
  • 1.1. The phosphorylation of Escherichia coli proteins was analyzed comparatively before and after induction of the SOS response in a temperature-sensitive mutant strain.
  • 2.2. The presence of phosphorylated proteins was evidenced by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography after labelling with radioactive orthophosphate in vivo or radioactive adenosine triphosphate in vitro.
  • 3.3. Significant changes in the intensity of protein labelling were observed upon induction of the SOS functions: six proteins were found to be more phosphorylated while two others were less phosphorylated. Moreover, five additional proteins appeared to become phosphorylated exclusively during the SOS response. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of these various proteins were determined.
  • 4.4. For most proteins, the changes in the pattern of protein phosphorylation were concomitant with variations in the amount of protein synthesized.
  • 5.5. The changes in the pattern of phosphoproteins observed during the SOS response were not due to the temperature shift required experimentally for expressing the SOS phenotype.
  • 6.6. Phosphorylation was found to be catalyzed by protein kinases that modify amino acid residues at hydroxyl groups in protein substrates.
  • 7.7. Both in vivo and in vitro studies brought evidence that neither RecA nor LexA, the two key regulatory proteins of the SOS functions, were capable of undergoing phosphorylation.
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15.
  • 1.1. Species differences exist in ferrihemoglobin reduction rates in bird and mammalian red cells, bird erythrocytes being very active reducers.
  • 2.2. Glucose and lactate enhance ferrihemoglobin reduction. In horse and quail red cells β-hydroxybutyrate has this effect as well.
  • 3.3. Malate and pyruvate do not enhance ferrihemoglobin reduction.
  • 4.4. Plasma addition to red cell suspensions enhances ferrihemoglobin reduction; addition of lactate mimics this effect in all species except the dog.
  • 5.5. Incubation conditions are very important for measuring ferrihemoglobin reduction. Especially the presence of bicarbonate ions is essential. In our experiments no inhibition of reduction rates by chloride ions is found.
  • 6.6. Mitochondrial NADH production does not play a role in ferrihemoglobin reduction in bird red cells.
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16.
  • 1.1. The effect of myo-inositol on the ability of three species of nematodes to survive desiccation has been studied.
  • 2.2. Survival rates obtained from worms treated with an inositol bathing medium were compared with survival rates of worms treated with distilled or tapwater media.
  • 3.3. Highest survival rates were found in those nematodes that were placed in an inositol solution prior to desiccation.
  • 4.4. Tapwater facilitated higher revival rates than did distilled water in both D. dipsaci and D. myceliophagous.
  • 5.5. No such differences were found for A. tritici.
  • 6.6. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of protection afforded by the different bathing media.
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17.
  • 1.1. The mean concentration of total hemolymph iron was 3060μg/100 ml in Patella peronii and 2950μg/100 ml in Patelloida alticostata.
  • 2.2. Ferritin was found to act as a major iron-binding protein in the hemolymph of both P. peronii and P. alticostata.
  • 3.3. P. alticostata ferritin has a molecular weight of approximately 505,000, while that of P. peronii has a mol wt. of approximately 520,000.
  • 4.4. The lateral radula teeth of both species are mineralized by deposits of silica (SiO2) and iron in the form of goethite (α-FeOOH).
  • 5.5. Hemolymph ferritin is suggested to act as a high capacity transport system to supply iron to the mineralizing front of the radula.
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18.
  • 1.1. Blood indices were measured in 27 species of lizard from Chile and Argentina occurring at different altitudes ranging from sea-level up to 4600 m.
  • 2.2. Contrary to amphibians, none of the hematological values of these lizards, such as hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red cell count, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, were found to be correlated with their altitudinal distribution.
  • 3.3. Intrageneric comparison of blood values in Liolaemus lizards (seven highland species living above 3000m and 12 lowland species) showed a similar degree of independence from their altitudinal site of capture or from their upper limit of distribution.
  • 4.4. As reported for other vertebrate taxa, an inverse correlation between size and number of red blood cells was also found in the studied reptiles.
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19.
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Highlights
  • •Application of Sortase A to label protein N-termini across the whole proteome.
  • •Novel gel, proteomic and ELISA-based methods to determine N-myristoylation of proteins in cells, without metabolic labelling.
  • •Side by side mass spectrometric quantification of changes in protein N-myristoylation by two complementary methods.
  • •Improved Biotin-Neutravidin affinity enrichment protocol.
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20.
  • 1.1. So far, tyrosine has been considered non-essential for growth and cell multiplication in Tetrahymena pyriformis and T. thermophila.
  • 2.2. This report shows, however, that tyrosine becomes essential if phenylalanine becomes limiting.
  • 3.3. The results indicate that two different transport systems are involved in uptake of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
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