酪氨酸对大鼠子宫胞浆雌,孕激素受体的影响

采用放射受体分析法,测定了动情周期不同阶段及去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体含量,并观察了子宫腔内注射酪、丝、苏三种氨基酸对子宫胞浆雌。醇、孕酮受体含量的影响。结果表明：（１）Ｌ－酪氨酸对动情前期、动情期、间情期大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体都具有明显的降低作用。（２）Ｌ－酪氨酸也降低去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮含量,即这一作用不是通过影响卵巢激素分泌实现的。（３）Ｌ－苏氨酸仅可降低动情期和间情期大鼠子宫胞浆孕酮受体含量,而对相应周期雌二醇受体没有明显作用。（４）Ｌ－丝氨酸和Ｌ－苏氨酸对去卵巢大鼠子宫胞浆雌二醇和孕酮受体均无影响。     

大鼠生殖周期下丘脑、卵巢、子宫钙调素含量变化及子宫钙调素的免疫组化定位

用ELISA法测定大鼠下丘脑、卵巢、子宫在动情周期中钙调素(Calmodulin)的含量变化,并用免疫组化法(Immunohistochemical technique)研究了大鼠动情周期中子宫内钙调素的分布。结果为:(1)处在动情期的大鼠,其子宫、卵巢、下丘脑中钙调素的含量明显高于间情期、动情前期及动情后期的含量。其顺序为动情期>动情前期>动情后期>间情期。其中以下丘脑、卵巢的含量变化较急骤。提出钙调素含量变化与雌激素的含量一致,由此推测钙调素对维持卵巢正常功能,子宫生长发育有密切关系。(2)经免疫组化定位,不论处在间情期或动情期的子宫,钙调素的分布在肌层与内膜层均有,以内膜层较多,特别是在动情期的分布更高。此与钙调素含量测定的结果一致。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9及其组织抑制因子（TIMPs）在动情周期大鼠子宫中的表达

基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs)家族的作用是降解所有细胞外基质,其活性受其特异性组织抑制因子（TIMPs)的抑制。细胞外基质成分的降解与重组在动物生殖生长过程中起重要作用,其变化可以通过MMPs和TIMPs两者表达水平的变化进行监测。大鼠虽然没有月经形成,但是在其子宫内膜也出现类似灵长类的生殖生物学变化。本文从MMPs和TIMPs两者的表达水平,对大鼠子宫内膜的这些变化进行了研究。于大鼠动情周期的不同时期,将算处死,取子宫制备酶粗提液和组织切片,采用酶谱法(zymography)和原位杂交方法研究动情周期大鼠子宫中MMP-2和-9的活性变化以反MMP-2、-9和TIMP-1、-2、-3mRNA的表达。并通过光密度扫描方法对酶谱结果进行半定量分析。所用杂交探针见Table 1．酶谱结果显示：在动情周期大鼠子宫中只检测到67kDa的MMP-2活性,而没有检测到MMP-9的活性(Fig.1)。MMP-2的活性在动情前期最高,动情期和动情后期次之,同情期最低(Flg．2)。原位杂交结果显示：MMP-2、-9、TIMP-1、-2、-3m RNA主要在子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达。MMP-2和-9 mRNA在动情前期、动情期和动情后期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞和动情期子宫环行肌层中表达均较强,在间情期表达较弱。MMP-9 mRNA在动情期腔上皮和腺上皮细胞中也有较弱的表达(Fig．3)。TIMP-1 mRNA在动情期和动情后期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中以及动情期腔上皮和腺上皮细胞中表选较强,在动情前期和间情期表达较弱(Fig．4)。TIMP-2 mRNA在动情期和间情期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中以度在动情期上皮细胞中表达较强,在动情前期和动情后期表逮较弱(Fig.4)。TINP-3 mRNA在动情期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达最强,在动情后期和间情期次之,动情前期表达最弱。TIMP-3 mRNA在动情期子宫环行肌层中也有较强的表达(Fig.5)。由此可见,MMP-2的活性和MMIP-2的基固表达基本一致,MMP-2和-9及其组织抑制因子TIMPs在时间和空间上的表达也基本一致。提示：MMP-2,-9及TIMP-1、-2、-3共同参与了动情周期大鼠子宫内膜的周期性变化。     

RT—PCR测定大鼠妊娠早期子宫孕激素受体基因的表达

孕激素在妊娠的建立和维持过程中起着非常重要的作用,但目前为止未见有关大鼠子宫 激素受体（ＰＲ）基因在该过程中表达情况的系统报道。本和反转偶联聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法测定了大鼠动情周期和妊娠早期子宫孕激素受体基因的转录,结果表明：１．动情周期中,子吕ＰＲｍＲＮＡ水平在动情期最高,在动情后期最低,动情期水平约为动情后期的２倍。２．妊娠开始后,子宫ＰＲｍＲＮＡ水平迅速上地ｄ３－ｄ４（着床前）达     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9及其组织抑制因子(TIMPs)在动情周期大鼠子宫中的表达(英文)

基质金属蛋白酶（ＭＭＰｓ）家族的作用是降解所有细胞外基质,其活性受其特异性组织抑制因子（ＴＩＭＰｓ）的抑制。细胞外基质成分的降解与重组在动物生殖生长过程中起重要作用,其变化可以通过ＭＭＰｓ和ＴＩＭＰｓ两者表达水平的变化进行监测。大鼠虽然没有月经形成,但是在其子宫内膜也出现类似灵长类的生殖生物学变化。本文从ＭＭＰｓ和ＴＩＭＰｓ两者的表达水平,对大鼠子宫内膜的这些变化进行了研究。于大鼠动情周期的不同时期,将其处死、取子宫制备酶粗提液和组织切片,采用酶谱法（ｚｙｍｏｙｒａｎｈｎ）和原位杂交方法研究动情周期大鼠子宫中ＭＭＰ－２和－９的活性变化以及ＭＭＰ－２、－９和ＴＩＭＰ－１、－２、－３ｍＲＮＡ的表达。并通过光密度扫描方法对酶谱结果进行半定量分析。所用杂交探针见Ｔａｂｌｅ１。酶谱结果显示：在动情周期大鼠子宫中只检测到６７ｋＤａ的ＭＭＰ－２活性,而没有检测到ＭＭＰ－９的活性（Ｆｉｇ．１）。ＭＭＰ－２的活性在动情前期最高,动情期和动情后期次之,间情期最低（Ｆｉｇ．２）。原位杂交结果显示：ＭＭＰ－２、－９、ＴＩＭＰ－１、－２、－３ｍＲＮＡ主要在子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达。ＭＭＰ－２和－９ｍＲＮＡ在动情前期、动情期和动     

动情周期中大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的表达

目的初步鉴定大鼠输卵管中存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并研究其在输卵管中的定位和不同动情周期中糖蛋白的表达变化.方法根据阴道涂片检查将大鼠分为:间情期(DE)组、动情前期(PE)组、动情期(E)组和动情后期(ME)组.用冰冻切片法、荧光组化技术和共聚焦显微镜技术观察大鼠输卵管中与BS-1结合糖蛋白的分布及表达变化.结果大鼠输卵管中存在与BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并呈节段性分布,即峡部＞壶腹部.动情周期中大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的表达:动情期＞动情前期＞动情后期＞间情期.结论大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在动情期(E)峡部上皮表达最明显,具有雌激素依赖性.     

大鼠动情周期垂体促性腺细胞周期性变化的定量免疫细胞化学研究

本报告用免疫细胞化学方法确定大鼠动情周期垂体促性腺细胞的周期性形态学变化。实验将大鼠垂体石蜡切片用兔抗HCG血清和辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体方法染色后,在光学显微镜下观察,并用分格计数法和修正的落点法分别测定促性腺细胞的数量和大小。测定和观察结果为:(1)每平方nam细胞的平均数目为间情期662±36、动情前期633±102、动情期449±105和动情后期472±76。用方差分析表明,间情期和动情前期受染色的细胞平均数目明显多于动情期和动情后期(n=12,P<0.05)。(2)受染色促性腺细胞的平均面积(μm~2)为间情期106.00±11.70、动情前期107.00±13.10、动情期95.70±10.30和动情后期101.00±5.95,在动情周期的不同时期细胞大小无显著差异。(3)在动情周期的不同时期促性腺细胞各种类型的分布特征呈周期性变化。此结果提示:受染色促性腺细胞数量和结构类型的周期性变化可能与大鼠动情周期中血清促性腺激素浓度的周期性变化有密切关系。     

动情周期中大鼠子宫和输卵管壁肥大细胞数量变化的研究

用放射免疫分析法对动情周期中大鼠血清雌二醇浓度进行检测;取子宫、输卵管常规石蜡切片、H－E染色,并用甲苯胺蓝染色显示肥大细胞,于光镜低倍视野下计数。结果显示：动物血清雌二醇浓度依次为：动情期（E）组＞动情前期（PE）组＞动情后期（ME）组＞动情间(DE)且,各组间差异均有显性;在子宫,肥大细胞分布于宫壁肌怪平滑肌束间的结缔组织内、近小血管处,以微血管周居多,常见单个散在,于ME子宫内膜尚偶见肥大细胞;输卵管肥大细胞局限于其外膜层内、近小血管周围,亦多散在。子宫、输卵管壁内的肥大细胞镜下呈圆形、椭圆形或略不规则形,胞浆内充满紫红色粗大颗粒,子宫肥大细胞数量依次为：ME＞DE＞PE＞E,各组间差异有生（DE与PE、PE与E,P＜0.05,余组间P＜0.01）;输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量各组间差异无显性（P＞0.05）。本尚对大鼠血清雌二醇水平波动与子宫、输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量变化的关系及其生理意义进行了讨论。     

大鼠排卵前促性腺激素释放激素释放过程中下丘脑前阿黑皮素基因表达 …

在大鼠动情前期促黄体生成激素峰形成前后测定了血清雌、孕激素水平变化、下丘脑正中隆起促黄体生成激素释放激素含量及弓状核区雌、孕激素受体密度改变和弓状核前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平变化。结果表明：动情前期１４小时时血清雌激素水平开始升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,于１６小时时达高峰。此时状核雌激素受体密度降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,孕激素受体密度增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）,前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平减少（Ｐ〈０．０５）。前阿黑皮素ｍ     

P物质对动情期大鼠下丘脑—垂体轴系的调控

自Vijayan首次报道P物质(SP)与生殖功能有关以来,SP对生殖活动的影响已开始引起人们的注意。我们的研究工作初步证明在雌性大鼠不同性周期中,下丘脑SP含量最高,垂体次之,卵巢内含量最低,并以间情期含量为最高,情前期次之,动情期最低;而血清中孕酮含量与SP含量呈反比关系。侧脑室注入SP拈抗剂可对抗SP对卵巢孕酮生成的抑     

Stabilization of estradiol-receptor complexes by elimination of cytosolic factors

Treating mature rat uterine cytosol with dextran coated charcoal (DCC) for 2 hrs at 0-4C in the absence of ligand causes the subsequently formed receptor-estradiol complex to be stable at 37C. Receptor binding is increased by the DCC treatment for uteri excised at metestrus or diestrus but remains nearly unchanged for uteri obtained at proestrus or estrus. Results suggest that the DCC removes or inactivates factor(s) present in the cytosol which render the receptor complex thermolabile.     

Differentiation of estradiol receptors in rat uterine cytosol by sensitivity to tamoxifen.

Analysis of rat uterine cytosol by means of immobilized antibody discloses the presence of two distinct high affinity, low capacity estradiol binding components. One of these is readily saturable by the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TS = tamoxifen sensitive), the other is tamoxifen insensitive (TI). Only TS-estradiol binding shows positive cooperativity at low ligand concentration. TS but not TI is lost when frozen tissue is thawed at 4°C then refrozen and stored for an additional 12 hours. Experiments with ovariectomized rats show that TI is formed only in the presence of estradiol. In the estrus cycle TS increases in the order: metestrus, diestrus, proestrus and estrus. The quantity of TI is the same in metestrus and diestrus and also the same but fractionally higher in proestrus and estrus.     

Regulation of uterine epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors by estrogen in the mature rat and during the estrous cycle

Previous work has shown that the immature rat uterus contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and that tissue levels of this receptor are increased by the administration of exogenous estrogens. This study was undertaken to determine if estrogen administration also elevated EGF receptor levels in the mature animal and if the growth factor receptor levels varied in concert with endogenous estrogens throughout the estrous cycle. In the mature, castrate rat administration of estradiol, but not non-estrogenic steroids, causes a 2-3-fold elevation of uterine EGF receptors as judged by ligand binding. This increase is maximum in 18 h and is due to an increase in the number of binding sites. In cycling animals EGF receptor levels are low at metestrus, rise at diestrus, reach a maximum (approximately twice metestrus values) at proestrus, and then return at estrus to metestrus levels. These changes in EGF receptor levels parallel changes in plasma estrogens and occupied nuclear estrogen receptor reported by other workers. These results indicate that uterine EGF receptors are increased by exogenous estrogens in both mature and immature animals, and support a physiological role for estrogens in the regulation of this growth factor receptor.     

The rat uterine oestrogen receptor in relation to intra-uterine devices and the oestrous cycle [proceedings

There are changes in the nuclear content of the estrogen receptor in the rat uterus during the estrous cycle that are associated with changes in its physiology. The changes correlate with the concentrations of circulating estradiol. It appears that uterotrophic response to estradiol is a function of the nuclear receptor. The insertion of an IUD leads to changes in the treated uterine horn which appear to be the result of an increased responsitivity to circulating estradiol. The presence of an IUD did not alter the estrous cycle, gonadotropin, or corpus luteum function. The intracellular distribution of the estrogen receptor was investigated in normal uterine horns and in the horns with devices throughout the estrous cycle. Groups of 30 Wistar rats had a silk suture fitted in the lumen of 1 uterine horn. After 14 days the progress of these estrous cycles was determined. Rats were grouped according to the stage of the cycle on the 4th day. Rats were then killed and the uteri removed. Cytosol receptors were measured. The capacity of the cytosol estrogen receptor to bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose was determined. Cytosol protein, nuclear protein, and DNA were measured. At all stages of the estrous cycle, the wet weight and cytosol receptor of the treated horns were greater than the control horns. A slight increase in the capacity of cytosol receptor to bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose was noted at proestrus. The response elicited by the IUD was not considered to be due to an estrogenic response since the changes observed were not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the content of nuclear receptor.     

Antiestrogen specific,high affinity saturable binding sites in rat uterine cytosol

Analysis of rat uterine cytosol for Tamoxifen binding reveals that the saturable binding sites are only partially inhibited by estradiol-17β. Partial thermal denaturation of the cytosol at 30° C for 2 h 30 allows the characterization of a high affinity (Kd = 3.3 × 10^?9M) saturable Tamoxifen class of binding sites insensitive to estradiol-17β while remaining sensitive to the antiestrogens CI628 and Nafoxidine. The uterine concentration of these binding sites is lower in the uterus of immature or castrated animals, increases from metestrus to proestrus and reaches a peak on the day of estrus.     

Quantitative differences in immune responses during the various stages of the estrous cycle in female BALB/c mice.

The immune responsiveness of spleens from female BALB/c mice to PHA, Con A, and LPS was greater at proestrus and metestrus as compared with estrus and diestrus. The peaks of responsiveness corresponded to reported elevated levels of estrogen and pregnenolone during these phases of the cycle. Similar results were obtained with the IgM or direct plaque-forming cell responses, which were also increased at proestrus and metestrus. It appears that female hormones may directly or indirectly stimulate immune responsiveness in adult mice.     

Hormonal variation of rat uterine contractile responsiveness to selective neurokinin receptor agonists

Regulated uterine contractions are important in many reproductive functions such as sperm transport and embryo positioning during implantation. The role of classical neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and norepinephrine in regulating myometrial contractility has been well studied; however, the peripheral role of sensory neurotransmitters such as the neurokinins is less clear. The major neurokinins are substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B, which predominantly activate neurokinin receptors (NK-Rs) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This study utilized selective receptor agonists to examine the role of NK-Rs in uterine contractility. Uterine tissues, obtained from the major stages of the rat estrous cycle, were stimulated with selective NK-R agonists. Addition of each agonist resulted in a significant contractile response. However, the magnitude and nature of the response were dependent upon the stage of the estrous cycle, with responses to all agonists being significantly decreased in tissue from proestrus and estrus. Furthermore, the nature of NK3-R-mediated contraction was different in tissue from proestrus and estrus compared to metestrus and diestrus. The hormonal dependence of NK-R-mediated contractility was then examined in the ovariectomized estrogen-supplemented rat model. These studies confirmed that the magnitude and nature of uterine contractility in response to NK-R activation depend upon the hormonal environment.     

Immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors in the canine uterus throughout the estrus cycle

Serum androgen levels in the bitch increase during proestrus and remain elevated until metestrus. To find out whether androgens can have a direct impact on the canine uterus, androgen receptors (AR) were identified immunohistochemically in uterine tissue. Androgen receptor distribution in the uterine horns, body and cervix was described during different cycle stages, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Nuclear staining for AR was observed in cells of the surface epithelium, glandular ducts, basal glands and stroma of the endometrium, and in myometrial smooth muscle cells. In addition, cytoplasmic staining was observed in epithelial cells from proestrus to early metestrus, when the cells were secretory active, and in stroma cells during pregnancy, suggesting a role for androgens in decidualization. During pregnancy and in the postpartum period nuclear staining for AR was nearly absent. During the estrus cycle stroma cells stained with higher intensities for AR than epithelial cells, supporting the idea that stroma cells mediate some effects of steroid hormones on epithelial cells in the genital tract. In contrast with earlier findings on estrogen receptor-alpha and progesterone receptors, no significant changes in androgen receptor expression were observed during the estrus cycle. Few correlations were found between the staining for AR and serum levels of the sex steroids. The present findings suggest that there is a basal expression of AR in the canine uterus throughout the estrus cycle that may not be influenced by sex steroid hormones.