我国牧草种质资源重要性状分子标记研究进展北大核心CSCD

分子标记技术发展迅猛,正日益成为牧草种质资源的辅助研究手段,其研究技术也日趋成熟。概述分子标记应用在产量、品质、抗逆性和抗病虫等牧草重要性状上的研究进展,分析牧草种质资源重要性状分子标记中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行展望,以期为今后我国在牧草种质资源方面进一步开展相关研究提供参考。     

牧草种质资源中心库存资源的多样性及其利用

对我国牧草种质资源中心库入库资源的多样性进行了综述。入库资源种类及种质类型多样,特有牧草种质资源突出,栽培牧草的野生祖型及野生近缘种、优良牧草种类多;对牧草种质资源中心库入库资源的开发利用情况进行了介绍;建议今后扩大种质搜集、加强研究、规范入库资源的质量控制,为牧草种质资源的高效利用奠定基础。     

不同统计方法对豆科牧草种质资源适应性评价的比较

以澳大利亚引进的豆科牧草为研究对象,运用灰关联分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和主成分分析法,对15份豆科牧草种质的8个主要农艺性状进行综合评价,探讨不同的分析方法在牧草种质资源评价中的应用。结果表明,4种方法综合评价较好的品种(系)为Nina柱花草、Temprano柱花草、Stylo540、Stylo541;4种综合评价方法结果基本一致,说明这4种综合评价方法均可单独应用于牧草种质资源评价,其中隶属函数分析方法简单,在大量的种质资源适应性评价中可优先使用。     

热带牧草种质圃资源收集、保存及分发利用研究

简述了农业部儋州热带牧草种质圃概况,介绍了热带牧草种质资源收集、保存及分发利用状况。截止到2013年底,共收集国内外热带牧草种质7760份,先后从中选育出22个牧草及饲料作物新品种通过全国牧草品审会审定。圃内无性繁殖材料活体保存草种质1552份,隶属3科68属202种,其中禾本科牧草种质有60属186种,豆科牧草资源有6属42种,莎草科有4属5种,引进种质有378份。每年向国内外相关科研院所、大专院校及企业和个人提供实物草种质材料300余份,提供种质数据信息400余条,指出了今后热带牧草种质圃在热带牧草资源收集、保存、分发利用方面的研究重点和研究方向。     

牧草种质资源整理整合及共享利用

简要介绍了牧草种质资源保存状况,阐述了牧草种质资源整理、整合现状,提出了资源共享利用的框架;指出了在牧草种质资源整理整合中存在的问题及对策。     

国家多年生牧草种质圃资源收集、保存及利用

本文简述了国家种质多年生牧草圃概况,介绍了多年生牧草种质资源收集、保存及利用状况.截止到2008年底,共收集保存了600份牧草种质资源材料,隶属10科,49属,152种.禾本科(Gramineae)牧草有24属95种,豆科(Leguminosae)牧草15属35种,占保存材料85%以上,其中野生种有496份材料,引进栽培种有104份材料.每年向国内外相关科研单位及教学单位提供利用种质材料100余份,提供的种质材料多数用于科学研究,还有部分用于推广利用.指出了国家种质多年生牧草圃今后在多年生牧草资源收集、保存、鉴定及利用方面的研究重点.     

花生种质资源研究进展与展望

种质资源是花生生物学研究和育种改良的重要基础。本文综述了花生种质资源的研究进展:(1)国内外对花生起源以及分类方法的研究;(2)我国及其他几个花生资源大国的花生收集保存概况;(3)花生优异种质鉴定评价方面取得的一系列进展;(4)介绍了我国花生品种的历次更新并预测了未来的发展趋势;(5)简述了我国花生种质创新的主要方法及取得的成效;(6)国内外关于花生基因组研究的重要成果及应用前景;(7)花生优异基因挖掘的现状。文中指出,对于栽培种花生起源问题还存在争议,在花生资源收集保存、优异种质鉴定评价、种质创新、优异基因挖掘方面还存在一些问题,并对今后解决这些问题的研究方向提出建议。期望为未来花生种质资源的利用和育种提供可参考的信息。     

我国韭菜资源研究现状和种质创新研究建议

韭菜是我国重要的葱蒜类蔬菜之一,在人们的膳食中起到重要作用。韭菜种质资源的收集、鉴定和创新研究取得一定成效,但是和大宗蔬菜同类研究比较相对落后。本文从韭菜种质资源研究、种质创新和新品种选育方面,综述了韭菜种质创新研究进展和存在问题,并提出了优化韭菜种质创新研究的对策。     

国家种质多年生牧草圃

<正>国家种质多年生牧草圃,设立在中国农业科学院草原研究所农牧交错区试验示范基地,位于呼和浩特市西南约30 km的土默特左旗沙尔沁乡。1986年在国家"七五"科技攻关"牧草、饲料作物种质保存技术研究及中期库建立"课题的支持下建立,占地面积1.67 hm2。"十五"以后,多年生牧草圃被纳入到国家种质资源保存体系。2005年多年生牧草圃进行了改扩建项目,项目经费150万元,使资源保存基础设施条件得到了改进和提高。改扩建后牧草圃总面积2.67hm2,其中保存区面积2.00 hm2,繁殖更新区面积0.67 hm2。牧草保存区可保存1000余份种质资源,由禾本科     

鸭茅种质资源多样性研究进展

鸭茅是世界范围内广泛栽培的一种重要禾本科牧草,具有高产、优质、耐荫性强等特性。我国的野生鸭茅资源十分丰富,分布广泛,基因资源优良,但有关鸭茅的研究报导相对较少。为了更好地开发利用这一优良的牧草资源,本从形态学、细胞学和分子水平对国内外鸭茅种质资源多样性的研究进行了综述,并对今后我国的鸭茅研究工作提出了建议。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.