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1.
The development of cryoconservation methods for the long-term storage of algal cultures is important for the ex situ preservation of biological diversity and the maintenance of genetic stability within this group of important organisms. However, as many unicellular algae are recalcitrant to cryogenic storage, this study aims to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in cryoinjury. A non-invasive, non-destructive assay method previously applied to animal cells has been developed to evaluate free radical mediated oxidative stress in Euglena gracilis exposed to different cryopreservation treatments. The procedure employs dimethyl sulphoxide as a probe for the hydroxyl radical. Adopting this approach it was possible to identify those components of the cryopreservation protocol which were the most damaging. These were identified as preparative centrifugation and sub-zero freezing treatments. Poststorage survival in E. gracilis was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced when the chelating agent desferrioxamine was included in the recovery medium whilst methane production was significantly (P < 0.004) reduced, suggesting that the additive was capable of ameliorating oxidative stress. The potential of using novel, exogenous antioxidant treatments developed for medical applications and applying them to enhance cryopreservation tolerance in recalcitrant unicellular algae is discussed. 相似文献
2.
An in vitro oxidative stress test has been developed to assess pollutant tolerance in freshwater algae using Euglena gracilis as the test organism and FeSO4 and NaCl as the pollutants. The test evaluates free radical-mediated oxidative stress through the concomitant application of three biochemical assays: (1) the non-invasive, gas chromatographic-volatile headspace analysis of hydroxyl radicals (OH) using dimethyl-sulphoxide as a radical trap; (2) the spectroscopic determination of total antioxidant activity; (3) a fluorescent microscopy viability test. In vitro pollutant testing was devised to simulate contaminant loadings that impact urban retention ponds. E. gracilis was found to be tolerant to FeSO4 (2–10% (w/v)) and NaCl (10–5000 ppm) as indicated by high positive viabilities (ca. 100%) and low, or no OH production, as compared to controls. Total antioxidant activity increased with increasing pollutant loading suggesting that the organism has the capacity to enhance antioxidant defence in response to pollutant stress. This in vitro test provides a new approach to monitor the effects of water quality on the biological components of urban and/or polluted aquatic ecosystems. It also has a potential application in the identification of putative algal phytoremediators. 相似文献
3.
Effects of Low-Temperature Acclimation and Oxygen Stress on Tocopheron Production in Euglena gracilis Z
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Bruce A. Ruggeri Rodney J. H. Gray Thomas R. Watkins Richard I. Tomlins 《Applied microbiology》1985,50(6):1404-1408
The effects of low-temperature acclimation and oxygen stress on tocopheron production were examined in the unicellular phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis Z. Cells were cultured photoheterotrophically at 27.5 ± 1°C with 5% carbon dioxide-95% air and 740 microeinsteins m−2 s−1 (photosynthetically active radiation) and served as controls. Low-temperature acclimation (12.5 ± 1°C) and high-oxygen stress (5% carbon dioxide-95% oxygen) were individually examined in the mass culturing of the algae. Chromatographic analyses demonstrated a six-to sevenfold enhancement of α-tocopherol production in temperature-stressed cells, along with a concomitant decline in the levels of α-tocotrienol and the absence of other tocopherol homologs. Oxygen-stressed cultures demonstrated the presence of high levels of α-tocopherylquinone; α-tocopheron and its homologs and precursors were absent or declined markedly. These findings are discussed in terms of the feasibility of microbial production of natural tocopherols. In addition, these results lend themselves to speculation regarding the biological role(s) of tocopherols as antioxidants and free radical scavengers in reducing photo-induced oxidative damage or lipid peroxidation toxicities or both in photosynthetically active E. gracilis Z. 相似文献
4.
Wang J Chu H Zhao H Cheng X Liu Y Jin W Zhao J Liu B Ding Y Ma H 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2007,304(1-2):135-142
Previous studies showed that nitricoxide synthase (NOS) and oxidative stress can induce skeletal muscle atrophy in the muscular
dystrophy and inclusion-body myopathy. There is a correlation between NOS and oxidative stress. However, it is not clear,
whether there are some changes of the NOS activity in prolonged alcoholic myopathy (PAM), and whether NOS activity has relation
to amyotrophy of PAM. We established experimental alcoholic myopathy model of rats by prolonged alcohol intake. We found that
there is a reduction in GSH-px (P < 0.05) and an increase of SOD (P < 0.05), MDA (P < 0.05) and iNOS (P < 0.05) in the plantaris of the experimental group by spectrophotometer. In the soleus of the experimental group, except
for MDA showed an increase (P < 0.05), the other enzymes showed no obvious difference (P > 0.05). The immunohistochemistry results showed that there was obvious expression of iNOS in the cytoplasm of plantaris
in the experimental group and there was no expression of iNOS in the control group. There was a decrease of nNOS expression
on the membranes of the plantaris cells in the experimental group by immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, we found the expression
of nNOS in some cytoplasm. Our results suggested that NOS might be an important factor during the development of PAM. We could
infer that there are some disturbances with regard to output and scavenging of free radical in PAM. Alcohol can induce the
oxidative stress reaction and further result in imbalance of the oxidant-antioxidant status in the organism.
Haiying Chu is the co-first author. 相似文献
5.
Matthew S. Kokotilo Jodi Carter Aducio Thiesen Ming H. Chen Angela Ochs Rachel G. Khadaroo Thomas A. Churchill 《Cryobiology》2010,61(3):236-242
Introduction
Our lab has developed an effective nutrient-rich solution that facilitates energy production and control of oxidative stress during static cold storage of the intestine; however, the requirement for oncotic agents, such as hydroxyethylstarch (HES), has not been evaluated. This study investigated the effectiveness and requirement for HES in an intraluminal preservation solution during a clinically relevant period of cold storage.Methods
Rat intestines were procured, including an intravascular flush with University of Wisconsin solution followed by a ‘back table’ intraluminal flush with a nutrient-rich preservation solution containing varying amounts of HES (n = 6 per group): Group 1, 0%; Group 2, 2.5%; Group 3, 5%; Group 4, 10%. Energetics, oxidative stress, and morphology were assessed over a 24 h time-course of cold storage.Results
Overall, the 5% HES solution, Group 3, demonstrated superior energetic status (ATP and total adenylates) compared to all groups, P < 0.05. Malondialdehyde levels indicated a reduction in oxidative stress in Groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). After 12 h, median modified Parks’ grades for Groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than Groups 1 and 4, P < 0.05.Conclusion
Our data suggests that when employing an intraluminal preservation solution for static organ storage, oncotic support is a fundamental requirement; 5% HES is optimal. 相似文献6.
Alireza Nakhaee Mohammad Bokaeian Azim Akbarzadeh Mohammad Hashemi 《Biological trace element research》2010,136(2):221-231
High blood glucose concentration in diabetes induces free radical production and, thus, causes oxidative stress. Damage of
cellular structures by free radicals play an important role in development of diabetic complications. In this study, we evaluated
effects of sodium tungstate on enzymatic and nonenzymatic markers of oxidative stress in brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups (ten rats in each group): untreated control, sodium tungstate-treated control,
untreated diabetic, and sodium tungstate-treated diabetic. Diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal STZ injection (65 mg/kg
body weight), and sodium tungstate with concentration of 2 g/L was added to drinking water of treated animals for 4 weeks.
Diabetes caused a significant increase in the brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01) and protein carbonyl levels (P < 0.01) and a decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power (P < 0.01). Moreover, diabetic rats presented a reduction in brain glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (21%), superoxide dismutase
(41%), glutathione peroxidase (19%), and glutathione reductase (36%) activities. Sodium tungstate reduced the hyperglycemia
and restored the diabetes-induced changes in all mentioned markers of oxidative stress. However, catalase activity was not
significantly affected by diabetes (P = 0.4), while sodium tungstate caused a significant increase in enzyme activity of treated animals (P < 0.05). Data of present study indicated that sodium tungstate can ameliorate brain oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic
rats, probably by reducing of the high glucose-induced oxidative stress and/or increasing of the antioxidant defense mechanisms. 相似文献
7.
Jorge A. Serra Raúl O. Domínguez Enrique R. Marschoff Eduardo M. Guareschi Arturo L. Famulari Alberto Boveris 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(12):2122-2132
Markers of oxidative stress were measured in blood samples of 338 subjects (965 observations): Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia,
diabetes (type II) superimposed to dementias, Parkinson’s disease and controls. Patients showed increased thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (+21%; P < 0.05), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (+64%; P < 0.001) and decreased antioxidant capacity (−28%; P < 0.001); pairs of variables resulted linearly related across groups (P < 0.001). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase, involved in discrimination between diseases, resulted non-significant. When
diabetes is superimposed with dementias, changes resulted less marked but significant. Also, superoxide dismutase resulted
not linearly correlated with any other variable or age-related (pure Alzheimer’s peaks at 70 years, P < 0.001). Systemic oxidative stress was significantly associated (P ≪ 0.001) with all diseases indicating a disbalance in peripheral/adaptive responses to oxidative disorders through different
free radical metabolic pathways. While other changes—methionine cycle, insulin correlation—are also associated with dementias,
the responses presented here show a simple linear relation between prooxidants and antioxidant defenses. 相似文献
8.
The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins has been well characterized in vitro; many cases has been postulated to provide an
important exogenous mediator of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate
the efficacy of anthocyanin protection against peroxyl radical (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage and associated cytotoxicity
in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Crude blackberry extracts were purified by gel filtration column to yield purified anthocyanin
extracts that were composed of 371 mg/g total anthocyanin, 90.1% cyanidin-3-glucoside, and 4.9 mmol Trolox equivalent/g (ORAC)
value. There were no other detectable phenolic compounds in the purified anthocyanin extract. The anthocyanin extract suppressed
AAPH-initiated Caco-2 intracellular oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 6.5 ± 0.3 μg/ml. Anthocyanins were not toxic to Caco-2 cells, but provided significant (P < 0.05) protection against AAPH-induced cytotoxicity, when assessed using the CellTiter-Glo assay. AAPH-induced cytoxicity
in Caco-2 cells was attributed to a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the G1 phase and increased proportion of cells in the sub G1 phase, indicating apoptosis. Prior exposure
of Caco-2 cells to anthocyanins suppressed (P < 0.05) the AAPH-induced apoptosis by decreasing the proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase, normalized the proportion of
cells in other cell cycle phases. Our results show that the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins principally attributed to
cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and common to blackberry, are effective at inhibiting peroxyl radical induced apoptosis in cultured Caco-2 cells. 相似文献
9.
Large culture collections of microalgae and cyanobacteria such as the Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI) hold unialgal cultures consisting of a population of cells/colonies of a certain species. These cultures are usually non-axenic, as other organisms such as bacteria and microfungi are also present in culture due to co-isolation. Attention has been recently given to partner organisms since studies indicate that some bacteria are important for nutrient uptake of the algal cells, acting as simbionts. Despite this benign effect in the actively growing cultures, when cryopreservation is applied for inactive-stage storage, these organisms may recover faster than the algae, thus affecting their recovery and the viability assessments. In this study, a set of mucilaginous ACOI microalgae were selected, cell features known for their relevance in cryopreservation success were recorded and simple two-step cryopreservation tests were applied. Thawed samples were transferred to fresh culture medium for recovery. Viability was assessed and partner organism proliferation (pop) was recorded. Results were analyzed by t-tests. Statistical models allowed us to support the known tendency for small, unicellular algae with no outer structures to be successfully cryopreserved and the negative effect of vacuoles in the cell prior to cryopreservation. On average cryopreservation with MeOH or Me2SO led to the recovery of nearly half the cells. It was found that the cryoprotection step with MeOH is when pop is triggered and that the use of Me2SO can prevent this effect. Progress on understanding the cultured consortia will assist the improvement of cryopreservation and research using microalgal cultures. 相似文献
10.
《Redox report : communications in free radical research》2013,18(6):295-302
AbstractHaptoglobin (Hp) prevents the hemoglobin driven generation of hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxides. Hp can reduce the neutrophil respiratory burst and is an antioxidative molecule in its own right. We aimed to evaluate Hp concentrations, oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in blood during weaning and to characterise potential relationships between these parameters. Two batches of 10 piglets each (2 trials) weaned at the age of 27–30 days were fed a starter feed mix ad libitum. Blood samples were taken 1 week before weaning and at weekly intervals thereafter. Oxidative stress was monitored via the D-ROM® system, antioxidative capacity was measured with the TEAC assay and Hp concentrations were measured by ELISA. Neutrophil phagocytic activity and oxidative burst were examined via flow-cytometry. Body weights were recorded weekly. Hp concentrations were increased in both trials post-weaning (P < 0.01); oxidative stress and oxidative burst were elevated in trial I (P < 0.005). In trial I, Hp and ROM values returned to baseline levels at 6 weeks post-weaning. The piglets in trial II showed respiratory symptoms and maintained elevated Hp concentrations. ROM values and Hp were related (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). Hp and body weight gain were inversely related post-weaning. 相似文献
11.
Toghyani M Toghyani M Shivazad M Gheisari A Bahadoran R 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):171-180
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Cr nicotinate and Cr chloride and their
optimum inclusion rate on performance, carcass traits, meat oxidative stability, serum metabolites, hematological parameters,
and liver chromium concentration in heat-stressed broilers. A total number of 420, 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to seven treatments with four replicates of 15 chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet supplemented
with 0 (control), 500, 1,000, and 1,500 μg/kg Cr in the form of Cr nicotinate and Cr chloride. Chicks were raised for 6 weeks
in heat stress condition (33 ± 2°C). Supplements of organic and inorganic Cr particularly at 1,500 μg/kg incorporation increased
feed consumption (P < 0.05) and body mass gain of broilers (P < 0.01). Cr supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased abdominal fat (P < 0.01). Supplementation of 1,500 μg/kg Cr nicotinate (P < 0.05) enhanced liver Cr concentration. Storage time increased lipid oxidation of meat (P < 0.01). Cr decreased lipid oxidation of breast and thigh muscles over 2 (P < 0.01) or 6 (P < 0.05) days of storage time. Birds fed 1,500 μg/kg Cr nicotinate, had lower concentration of serum glucose and triglyceride
at 21 days (P < 0.05). Hematological parameters tested at 21 and 42 days, were not influenced. The results suggested that dietary Cr supplementation
regardless of its source have a positive effect on productive, and carcass traits, also enhances oxidative stability of refrigerated
meat in broilers reared under heat stress conditions. 相似文献
12.
Oswaldo Keith Okamoto Cristina S. Asano Elisabeth Aidar Pio Colepicolo 《Journal of phycology》1996,32(1):74-79
Marine planktonic algae are frequently exposed to metallic contaminants. Because heavy metals can be assimilated and accumulated by algal cells, they can then be transferred to higher trophic levels of food chains. We studied the effects of cadmium on protein production and the growth of the marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis gracilis (Kylin) Butcher. By means of toxicological assays, we estimated the LC50 of cadmium as 3.2 ppm and 1.8 ppm after 48 h and 96 h of exposure to this heavy metal, respectively. The growth curves and survival percentages of cell cultures in the presence of cadmium were determined, and a proportional reduction of both parameters with increasing metal concentrations was found. When chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium, T. gracilis contained high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, one of the main enzymes of the cell's antioxidant defense mechanism. Under these growth conditions, total SOD activity in crude extracts was increased by 41% (at 1.5 ppm) and 107% (at 3.0 ppm). Assays of SOD activity in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels also showed a similar induction by cadmium. These results show that cadmium has potentially toxic properties since it significantly inhibited the growth of T. gracilis at low concentrations and promoted the induction of SOD activity, suggestive of an oxidative stress state. Besides being the first report of SOD in T. gracilis, this work describes experimental evidence of SOD induction by cadmium in this species. 相似文献
13.
Viswambharan Sarasan 《Kew Bulletin》2010,65(4):549-554
The latest IUCN statistics show that of over 12,000 plant species, 70% are threatened, 19% are critically endangered and 28
species are extinct in the wild. Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) highlights the importance of
ex situ conservation of critically endangered plants. Long-term germplasm storage for species with recalcitrant seeds needs alternative
measures. In vitro methods complement seed banking and other ex situ measures and are vital for long-term conservation. Conservation Biotechnology at RBG Kew is currently working on a number
of rare and threatened recalcitrant species from biodiversity-rich areas of the world to develop good quality in vitro propagules for cryopreservation, recovery and restoration projects. The importance of successful in vitro propagation methods, transplantation technologies, cryopreservation and international networking for the integrated conservation
of these species are discussed in detail. 相似文献
14.
In vitro techniques are very useful for conserving plant biodiversity, including (a) genetic resources of recalcitrant seed and vegetatively
propagated species, (b) rare and endangered plant species and (c) biotechnology products such as elite genotypes and genetically
engineered material. Explants from recalcitrant seed and vegetatively propagated species can be efficiently collected under
field conditions using in vitro techniques. In vitro culture techniques ensure the production and rapid multiplication of disease-free material. Medium-term conservation is achieved
by reducing growth of plant material, thus increasing intervals between subcultures. For long-term conservation, cryopreservation
(liquid nitrogen, −196°C) allows storing plant material without modification or alteration for extended periods, protected
from contaminations and with limited maintenance. Slow growth storage protocols are routinely employed for a large number
of species, including numerous endangered plants, from temperate and tropical origin. Cryopreservation is well advanced for
vegetatively propagated species, and techniques are ready for large-scale experimentation in an increasing number of cases.
Research is much less advanced for recalcitrant species due to their seed characteristics, viz., very high sensitivity to
desiccation, structural complexity and heterogeneity in terms of developmental stage and water content at maturity. However,
various technical approaches should be explored to develop cryopreservation techniques for a larger number of recalcitrant
seed species. A range of analytical techniques are available, which allow understanding physical and biological processes
taking place in explants during cryopreservation. These techniques are extremely useful to assist in the development of cryopreservation
protocols. In comparison with crop species, only limited research has been performed on cryopreservation of rare and endangered
species. Even though routine use of cryopreservation is still limited, an increasing number of examples where cryopreservation
is used on a large scale can be found both in genebanks for crops and in botanical gardens for endangered species. 相似文献
15.
Hydrogen evolution by several algae 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
F. P. Healey 《Planta》1970,91(3):220-226
Summary Out of 33 strains of unicellular algae examined, H2 evolution was observed only in species of Chlamydomonas, Chlorella and Scenedesmus. While the photoevolution of H2 by these algae was generally stimulated both by an organic substrate and by the uncoupler CCCP1, response to DCMU varied. On the basis of the response to DCMU, it was concluded that the mechanism of photoevolution of H2 differed from one alga to another. The reaction in some algae appeared to be dependent on either the photooxidation of water or oxidative carbon metabolism for reductant; that in other algae was supported by reductant from both these sources. 相似文献
16.
17.
Beata P. Plitta Marcin Michalak Mirosława Z. Naskręt-Barciszewska Jan Barciszewski Paweł Chmielarz 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2014,117(1):31-37
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree species which produces seeds that are classified as recalcitrant. Thus, cryopreservation of seed meristems is a method for long-term preservation of this germplasm in gene banks. During cryopreservation, many factors, such as desiccation, cryoprotection and cooling/rewarming, can induce stress in the frozen meristems. In this study, in vitro survival and the global DNA methylation level of plumules after cryoprotection, desiccation and cryostorage was evaluated. Results indicated that both desiccation and storage in liquid nitrogen have negligible influence on DNA methylation status of Q. robur plumules. These findings support the cryopreservation of plumules as an appropriate method for conservation of Q. robur germplasm. 相似文献
18.
Jesudason EP Masilamoni JG Ashok BS Baben B Arul V Jesudoss KS Jebaraj WC Dhandayuthapani S Vignesh S Jayakumar R 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2008,311(1-2):145-156
Aβ amyloid peptide is believed to induce oxidative stress leading to inflammation, which is postulated to play a significant
role in the toxicity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of dl-α lipoic acid (LA), a potential free radical scavenger, on oxidative vulnerability induced by intraperitoneal injection of
Aβ25–35 amyloid fibrils in mice. Mice were divided into three groups: control, Aβ amyloid toxicity induced (AT), and LA treated (ATL).
Blood Plasma was separated, liver, spleen and brain were dissected and analysis of oxidants, antioxidants, ATPases, glial
fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) were carried out. Results show biochemical parameters such
as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were significantly lowered (P < 0.05) and levels of antioxidants and ATPase (P < 0.05) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in hepatocytes, splenocytes and astrocytes of the ATL group. Moreover, our histological results revealed a decreased
GFAP immunoreactivity in the neocortical region and NFκB immunoreactivity in neocortex, liver and spleen. This study reiterates
LA as a potent free radical scavenger to combat oxidative vulnerability in the treatment for Aβ amyloid toxicity. 相似文献
19.
Investigation of the Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariales,Rhodophyta) proteome response to nitrogen limitation
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Inorganic nitrogen has been identified as the major growth‐limiting nutritional factor affecting Gracilaria gracilis populations in South Africa. Although the physiological mechanisms implemented by G. gracilis for adaption to low nitrogen environments have been investigated, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of these adaptions. This study provides the first investigation of G. gracilis proteome changes in response to nitrogen limitation and subsequent recovery. A differential proteomics approach employing two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate G. gracilis proteome changes in response to nitrogen limitation and recovery. The putative identity of 22 proteins that changed significantly (P < 0.05) in abundance in response to nitrogen limitation and recovery was determined. The identified proteins function in a range of biological processes including glycolysis, photosynthesis, ATP synthesis, galactose metabolism, protein‐refolding and biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and cytoskeleton remodeling. The identity of fructose 1,6 biphosphate (FBP) aldolase was confirmed by western blot analysis and the decreased abundance of FBP aldolase observed with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was validated by enzyme assays and western blots. The identification of key proteins and pathways involved in the G. gracilis nitrogen stress response provide a better understanding of G. gracilis proteome responses to varying degrees of nitrogen limitation and is the first step in the identification of biomarkers for monitoring the nitrogen status of cultivated G. gracilis populations. 相似文献
20.
Hypoxia is an environmental stressor that is known to elicit alterations in both the autonomic nervous system and endocrine
functions. The free radical or oxidative stress theory holds that oxidative reactions are mainly underlying neurodegenerative
disorders. In fact among complex metabolic reactions occurring during hypoxia, many could be related to the formation of oxygen
derived free radicals, causing a wide spectrum of cell damage. In present study, we investigated possible involvement of GABAergic
mechanism in the protective effect of zolpidem against acute hypoxia-induced behavioral modification and biochemical alterations
in mice. Mice were subjected to acute hypoxic stress for a period of 2 h. Acute hypoxic stress for 2 h caused significant
impairment in locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and antinocioceptive effect in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed
a significant increased malondialdehyde, nitrite concentrations and depleted reduced glutathione and catalase levels. Pretreatment
with zolpidem (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly improved locomotor activity, anti-anxiety effect, reduced tail flick latency
and attenuated oxidative damage (reduced malondialdehyde, nitrite concentration, and restoration of reduced glutathione and
catalase levels) as compared to stressed control (hypoxia) (P < 0.05). Besides, protective effect of zolpidem (5 mg/kg) was blocked significantly by picrotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) or flumazenil
(2 mg/kg) and potentiated by muscimol (0.05 mg/kg) in hypoxic animals (P < 0.05). These effects were significant as compared to zolpidem (5 mg/kg) per se (P < 0.05). Present study suggest that the possible involvement of GABAergic modulation in the protective effect of zolpidem
against hypoxic stress. 相似文献