欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国微生物学会和中国科学院微生物研究所主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

辽宁省微生物科学研究院食用菌研究室简介

研究方向1．食用菌优良菌种选育2．食用菌液体菌种深层发酵技术研究3．食用菌病虫害防治技术研究主要研究内容1．杂交育种技术研究：通过食用菌孢子杂交,进行食用菌菌种选育。2．细胞融合技术研究：通过食用菌原生质体的制备融合及再生条件的研究,选育食用菌新品种。3．食用菌液体菌种深层发酵技术研究：进行食用菌液体菌种深层发酵条件及发酵工艺的研究。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,月刊,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产     

美国工业界在生物技术方面的应用研究开发活动

美国的科技研究开发投资,主要来自两方面:一是政府的研究发展(R&D)预算,二是工业界的研究开发投资。政府的研究预算支出,主要是用于基础研究和一部分基础应用研究。这些研究大部分是通过大学来进行。至于应用研究,则主要是靠工业界自己的投资和研究。美国公私这两方面的投资比例,以1985年前后生物技术的数字说,大体上各占一半。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国微生物学会和中国科学院微生物研究所主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

中国蜘蛛生态学研究概况

简要综述我国蜘蛛生态学研究,包括生态因子的研究;蜘蛛种群研究:蜘蛛群落及其多样性研究;蜘蛛的捕食以及运用血清学方法研究以及蜘蛛的生物学特性及生活史研究。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

A three-oscillator model of the human circadian system controlling the core temperature rhythm and the sleep-wake cycle

Even during “free-running” experiments, in which subjects lived in caves or cellars without any time cues, various circadian rhythms such as core body temperature and the sleep-wake cycle remained for a long time mutually synchronized in one group of subjects. In another group of subjects, or later in the same subjects, a number of unusually long sleep-wake cycles occurred while body temperature persisted in a near-24 hr rhythm. This has been termed “internal desynchronization” by Aschoff & Wever (1962) to emphasize the uncoupling of rhythms. Zulley (1980) and Czeisler et al. (1980) found that the duration of sleep depends regularly on the phase of the sleep onset in the body temperature rhythm, even in the apparently “random and irregular” sleep-wake pattern. The graph which plots, the sleep duration against the sleep onset phase is called sleep duration in this paper. We develop a quantitative, multi-oscillator model of human circadian system following Wever (1979) and Kronauer et al. (1982). Because the simplest model, which describes the state of each component oscillator by only one variable (ptlase) was adopted for each component oscillator, we can determine the intFraction between oscillators using sleep duration. It is found that a three-oscillator model can simulate several qualitative features of human circadian rhythms, such as an irregular free-running pattern and sleep duration. Moreover we find that the model reproduces the mysterious phenomenon of “forbidden wake up”, although we do not incorporate a priori any mechanism to explain it.     

高原鼠兔似昼夜活动节律的研究

本文对高原鼠兔活动节律的季节变化,不同光强对高原鼠兔似昼夜活动节律的影响,以及温度效应,饥俄效应等问题进行了研究。同时对昼夜节律研究中长期存在的理论问题,内源性和外源性观点提出探讨。     

松果体昼夜节律生物钟分子机制的研究进展

在各种非哺乳类脊椎动物中 ,松果体起着中枢昼夜节律振荡器的作用。近来 ,在鸟类松果体中相继发现了几种钟基因 ,如Per、Cry、Clock和Bmal等 ,其表达的时间变化规律与哺乳类视交叉上核 (SCN)的非常相似。钟的振荡由其自身调控反馈环路的转录和翻译组成 ,鸟类松果体和哺乳类SCN似乎具有共同的钟振荡基本分子构架 ;若干钟基因产物作为正向或负向调节子影响钟的振荡 ;昼夜性的控时机制同时也需要翻译后事件的参与。这些过程对钟振荡器的稳定性和 /或钟导引的光输入通路有着重要的调控作用     

高原鼠兔松果腺褪黑激素含量昼夜节律的研究

自然光照条件下,高原鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ）松果腺褪黑激素（Ｍｅｌａｔｏｎｉｎ,ＭＬＴ）含量呈现明显的昼夜节律（Ｐ＜０．００１,夜间组含量均值与白天组含量均值差异显著性比较）。在２月份的实验中,对１８只鼠兔（体重１２２—１６４克）松果腺的采样时间分别为０２．００,０９．００,１２．００,１８．００,２２．００和２４．００时。白天ＭＬＴ含量波动为５６—６４微微克／松果腺,夜间波动为１１３—１７０微微克／松果腺。夜间ＭＬＴ含量高峰值出现在２４．００时。在１０月份的实验中,对６０只鼠兔（体重１０２—１５３克）松果腺的采样时间分别为０３．００,０６．００,０９．００,１２．００,１５．００,１８．００,２１．００和２４．００时。白天ＭＬＴ含量波动为７７—１１９微微克／松果腺,夜间波动为１３９—５０５微微克／松果腺。夜间ＭＬＴ含量高峰值出现在０３．００时。将２月份和１０月份高原鼠兔松果腺ＭＬＴ含量进行差异显著性比较,１０月组显著高于２月组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明,该动物的松果腺本身对光周期具有敏感性,它能够感知环境光周期的变化,成功地完成神经内分泌的转换。     

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates oscillation of chick pineal circadian clock

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and in some cases these kinases serve for closely related cellular functions within a cell. In a wide range of animal clock structures, ERK plays an important role in the circadian time-keeping mechanism. Here we found that immunoreactivity to p38 protein was uniformly distributed among cells in the chick pineal gland. On the other hand, a constant level of activated p38 was detected over the day, predominantly in the follicular and parafollicular pinealocytes that are potential circadian clock-containing cells. Chronic application of SB203580, a selective and reversible inhibitor of p38, to the cultured chick pineal cells markedly lengthened the period of the circadian rhythm of the melatonin release (up to 28.7 h). Noticeably, despite no significant temporal change of activated p38 level, a 4-h pulse treatment with SB203580 delayed the phase of the rhythm only when delivered during the subjective day. These results indicate a time-of-day-specific role of continuously activated p38 in the period length regulation of the chick pineal clock and suggest temporally separated regulation of the clock by two MAPKs, nighttime-activated ERK and daytime-working p38.     

Development of the circadian melatonin rhythm and the effect of PACAP on melatonin release in the embryonic chicken pineal gland. An in vitro study

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to participate in modulation of circadian rhythm and to stimulate melatonin (MT) secretion in both the rat and chicken pineal glands. In contrast to mammals, the main regulator of circadian rhythm in birds is the pineal gland, which begins its rhythmic MT production already during embryonic life. In the present study, we investigated the development of MT secretion in explanted embryonic chicken pineals and their responsiveness to PACAP in a perifusion system. Our results show that: (1) the circadian clock and/or the intracellular signal transduction system connecting the clock to MT synthesizing apparatus develop between the embryonic days 16-18 (E16-18), even in vitro. (2) Exposure of the embryonic chicken pineal gland to PACAP induces transitory increase in MT secretion but does not induce visible phase shift in the circadian rhythm. (3) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) efflux also responds to PACAP at or before day E13 in embryonic chicken pineal gland in vitro.     

Enhanced effect of daytime restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats

There is increasing awareness of the link between impaired circadian clocks and multiple metabolic diseases. However, the impairment of the circadian clock by type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. To understand whether and how the function of circadian clock is impaired under the diabetic condition, we examined not only the expression of circadian genes in the heart and pineal gland but also the behavioral rhythm of type 2 diabetic and control rats in both the nighttime restricted feeding (NRF) and daytime restricted feeding (DRF) conditions. In the NRF condition, the circadian expression of clock genes in the heart and pineal gland was conserved in the diabetic rats, being similar to that in the control rats. DRF shifted the circadian phases of peripheral clock genes more efficiently in the diabetic rats than those in the control rats. Moreover, the activity rhythm of rats in the diabetic group was completely shifted from the dark phase to the light phase after 5 days of DRF treatment, whereas the activity rhythm of rats in the control group was still under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) after the same DRF treatment. Furthermore, the serum glucose rhythm of type 2 diabetic rats was also shifted and controlled by the external feeding schedule, ignoring the SCN rhythm. Therefore, DRF shows stronger effect on the reentrainment of circadian rhythm in the type 2 diabetic rats, suggesting that the circadian system in diabetes is unstable and more easily shifted by feeding stimuli.     

The circadian system and melatonin: lessons from rats and mice

The circadian system (CS) comprises three key components: (1) endogenous oscillators (clocks) generating a circadian rhythm; (2) input pathways entraining the circadian rhythm to the astrophysical day; and (3) output pathways distributing signals from the oscillator to the periphery. This contribution briefly reviews some general aspects of the organization of the rodent CS and pays particular attention to recent results obtained with various mouse strains, related to molecular mechanisms involved in entraining the endogenous clock and the role of the pineal hormone melatonin as a hand of the endogenous clock.