α-天门冬氨酰二肽酶及其进化酶的FT-IR研究

用分子定向进化技术,在酶活力和热稳定性双重选择压力下,筛选到了一株Kcat/KM是天然酶47倍的进化酶.用FT-IR方法,测定了α-天门冬氨酰二肽酶及其进化酶的酰胺I带图谱,定量估算了天然酶和进化酶的各种二级结构含量.天然酶中,β折叠结构含量为28.5%,α螺旋结构含量为33%,这与园二色谱测量α螺旋结构为33%的结果有很好的一致,剩余的残基形成不同类型的转角和无规结构,其总含量为38.5%.在进化酶中,β折叠结构含量为26.8%,α螺旋结构含量为31%,其它结构为不同类型的转角和无规结构,含量为42.2%.     

抗菌多肽LC1的圆二色性和二级结构预测以及初步晶体学研究

由远紫外圆二色谱算得枯草杆菌Ａ０１４（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）所分泌的新型抗菌多肽ＬＣＩ在水溶液中的各种构象含量为：α螺旋４．７—６．０％,β折叠６７．２－７２．８％,无规卷曲和转角２１．１－２８．１％。对多种方法的二级结构预测结果进行综合分析表明,ＬＣＩ可能含有３个β转角,４个β折叠片段,仅含少量或不合α螺旋．晶体最大线度可达０．２×０．２×０．４ｍｍ,属于三方晶系。其六方Ｈ晶胞为ａ＝ｂ＝５１．２１空间群为Ｒ３２。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素DaHT—3的红外光谱测定

目的观察蛇毒出血毒素结构的变化对功能的影响。方法利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪对尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素（ＤａＨＴ－３）在溶液中酰胺Ｉ带吸收光谱的研究,探测了此出血毒素在溶液中的自然构象和加入ＥＤＴＡ螯合剂除去金属离子后构象的变化。结果此出血毒素在水溶液中的自然构象分别是：α－螺旋为３１．８％、β－折叠为５６．１％、转角为１２．１％;而在去除金属离子情况下α－螺旋和β－折叠减少,转角和无规卷曲增加,即加入螯合剂后其α－螺旋、β－折叠、转角和无规卷曲分别变为１１％、２６．４％、４６．２％和１６．５％。由于结构的变化,它的出血活性和蛋白水解酶活性均被丧失。结论金属离子,特别是锌离子在维系蛇毒出血蛋白酶分子中的二级结构中起着很重要的作用。     

商品果胶酶中endo－PG的分离纯化及其部分性质研究

以Ａ．ｎｉｇｅｒ来源的果胶酶为材料,经过ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－５０及ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００两步骤分离纯化得到电泳均一的ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ１及ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ２,其亚基分子量分别为３５ｋＤ及３７ｋＤ,含糖量为１１．２２％及８．３％,最大紫外吸收峰分别在２７４ｎｍ及２６９ｎｍ处,氨基酸组成分析结果表明Ｇｌｙ含量较高,Ｍｅｔ含量较低,不含Ｃｙｓ,并且酸性氨基酸含量高于碱性氨基酸,圆二色谱结果表明二级结构主要为α螺旋和β折叠,其中ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ１含α螺旋４５．１％,β折叠２４．９％;ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ２含α螺旋３９．６％,β折叠３６．５％。     

湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素的圆二色性和化学修饰

用远紫外ＣＤ谱研究了湖南产尖吻蝮蛇毒的两个出血毒素（ＤａＨＴ－１、ＤａＨＴ－２）的溶液构象,计算得ＤａＨＴ－１的α螺旋、β折叠、无规卷曲的含量分别为３６．９％、３５．５％、２７．６％;ＤａＨＴ－２的α螺旋、β折叠、无规卷曲分别为２３．４％、３１．３％、４５．３％。随ｐＨ的增大或减小,峰位蓝移,酸性条件下的变化比碱性条件下的变化大。构象单元含量计算表明：α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多,β折叠基本未变。温度和ｐＨ对ＣＤ谱的影响相似,５０℃时峰位蓝移,α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多．ＥＤＴＡ对ＣＤ谱影响显著,０．０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＤＴＡ便导致两个出血毒素呈极度的无序状态。ＥＤＴＡ完全抑制,半胱氨酸部分抑制,胰蛋白酶不影响它们的出血活性。     

pH值及Na＋诱导α-辅肌动蛋白构象变化

用ＦＴＩＲ研究了不同浓度ＮａＣｌ溶液中α－辅肌动蛋白二级结构的变化。实验结果发现,在不同ＮａＣｌ浓度下,α－辅肌动蛋白至少具有三种不同的构象：低盐（３０－９０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ）,中盐（１５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ－２５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ）与高盐（３００－５００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ）构象。在低盐溶液中,α－辅肌动蛋白含有较高比例的α－螺旋结构（３３－３４％）,随着溶液中钠盐浓度的升高部分α－螺旋结构转变为β－转角或β－折叠结构。此外还研究了ｐＨ诱导α－辅肌动蛋白构象的变化,定量分析结果表明在ｐＨ７．０和中盐条件下（α－辅肌动蛋白交联Ｆ－ａｃｔｉｎ成束的活性最高）,α－辅肌动蛋白β－转角结构含量最高,而α－螺旋结构含量较低。由此可见,β－转角结构在α－辅肌动蛋白交联肌动蛋白成束中可能具有重要的功能。     

湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素的圆二色性和化学修饰

用远紫外ＣＤ谱研究了湖南产尖吻蝮蛇毒的两个出血毒素的溶液构象,计算得ＤａＨＴ－１的α螺旋、β折叠、无规卷曲分别为２３．４％、３１．３％、４５．３％。随ＰＨ的增大或减小,峰位蓝移,酸性条件下的变化比碱性条件下的变化大。构象单元含量计算表明：α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多,β折叠基本未变,温度和ＰＨ对ＣＤ谱的影响相似,５０℃时峰位蓝移,α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多,ＥＤＴＡ对ＣＤ谱影响显著,０．０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＥ     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基酶解片段特性的研究

以嗜热菌蛋白酶水解人绒毛膜促性腺激素,亚基(hCG_β),用HPLC分离制备酶解产物。酶解片段经竞爭性放射分析,不能与LH/hCG受体结合,但保留近乎全部hCG_β的免疫反应性.园二色谱分析,与hCG_β比较,酶解片段所含α螺旋减少,β折叠与无规卷曲含量增多。表明hCG_β可能有几个肽段和/或糖链参与hCG受体相互作用;酶解片段中仍含有hCG_β的主要决定簇,该决定簇与hCG_β结合受体的结构有区别。     

脯氨酸对蛋白质热稳定性的贡献

单一氨基酸的置换可以改变酶的热稳定性。脯氨酸（Ｐｒｏ）残基在蛋白质结构及其热稳定性中具有特殊作用。它十分偏爱β－转折或无规卷曲结构,而很少出现在α－螺旋和β－折叠中。分析认为在改善酶热稳定性的蛋白质工程中,只要主链构象不发生骤变,则可在适当的β－转折或无规卷曲中引入Ｐｒｏ,通过其刚性的吡咯烷环,降低蛋白质去折叠时的骨架熵,从面使其周围的构象更合理。这一Ｐｒｏ理论（ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｅｏｒ     

天然酶与复性酶的拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对胰凝乳蛋白酶的激光拉曼光谱的研究,揭示了天然酶和复性酶的不同分子空间构象.分子的主链构象主要是β折叠和无规卷曲成份,受过变性剂作用的酶,虽经复活(活性可达95%以上),其复性酶的分子结构仍比天然酶松散,它的无规卷曲成份相应增加.对分子二级结构的计算表明,天然酶分子中蛋白质的α螺旋、β折叠和无规卷曲成份之比为6.3:40.6:53;复性酶分子中上述成份的比为3.6:31:65.天然酶分子中C-C-S-S-C-C构型为gauche-gauche-gauche排列,而复性酶中为trans-gauche-gauche排列.     

Predicted secondary structure of hydroperoxide lyase from green bell pepper cloned in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) is a member of the cytochrome P450 family acting on fatty acid hydroperoxides in many organisms. The active green bell pepper HPL, cloned and expressed in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, was purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) in the presence of 2% of Triton X-100R. The secondary structure prediction by bioinformatics servers of HPL was realized by ANTHEPROT software, using the GOR, DPM and Predator methods. The theoretical results which are average values obtained from three different calculation methods showed 33% α-helix, 18% β-sheet, 7% turn and 42% coil. On the other hand, the secondary structure approach of the purified active HPL (specific activity of 2.94 U/mg protein) was realized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and showed 13% α-helix, 29% β-sheet, 5% turn and 53% random coil.     

Chiral switch of enzymatic ketone reduction by addition of γ-cyclodextrin

We report a chiral switch in the configuration of 1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol, synthesized in aqueous media by ketoreductase in the presence of high concentration of γ-CD. NMR, ECD and fluorescence spectrometry were used in the effort to explain this unexpected effect. A comparison has been made between the catalytic activity of the enzyme and α-helix content in the conformation and it has been observed that enzyme is most active at the maximum α-helix content. The β-sheet content and random coil conformation in the enzyme were found to be dependent on cyclodextrin concentration.     

Flow-induced conformational changes and phase behavior of aqueous poly-L-lysine solutions

Poly-L -lysine exists as an α-helix at high pH and a random coil at neutral pH. When the α-helix is heated above 27°C, the macromolecule undergoes a conformational transition to a β-sheet. In this study, the stability of the secondary structure of poly-L -lysine in solutions subjected to shear flow, at temperatures below the α-helix to β-sheet transition temperature, were examined using Raman spectroscopy and CD. Solutions initially in the α-helical state showed time-dependent increases in viscosity with shearing, rising as much as an order of magnitude. Visual observation and turbidity measurements showed the formation of a gel-like phase under flow. Laser Raman measurements demonstrated the presence of small amounts of β-sheet structure evidenced by the amide I band at 1666 cm⁻¹. CD measurements indicated that solutions of predominantly α-helical conformation at 20°C transformed into 85% α-helix and 15% β-sheet after being sheared for 20 min. However, on continued shearing the content of β-sheet conformation decreased. The observed phenomena were explained in terms of a “zipping-up” molecular model based on flow enhanced hydrophobic interactions similar to that observed in gel-forming flexible polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 45: 239–246, 1998     

汞离子对木瓜蛋白酶结构的影响及抑制机理的研究

通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和远紫外圆二色光谱(Far-UV CD)对重金属Hg²⁺作用下木瓜蛋白酶的结构变化进行了定性定量的表征,探索Hg²⁺对木瓜蛋白酶变性的抑制机理。结果表明:Hg²⁺是木瓜蛋白酶的强抑制剂,10^－4mol/L的HgCl₂可使木瓜蛋白酶丧失90%的活性;随着金属Hg²⁺浓度的增加,蛋白质所处的微环境和二级结构发生了明显的改变,(α螺旋＋β折叠)结构总量减少,无规则卷曲含量增多,酶的二级结构由规则有序转向无序。     

Circular dichroism studies of the fatty acid synthetase complex from the insect Ceratitis capitata

Circular dichroism spectra of the native fatty acid synthetase complex from the insect Ceratitis capitata and of the lipidated and cholate- and SDS-treated enzyme have been obtained. Native enzyme has a calculated structure of 43% α-helix, 23% β structure and 31% random coil. Lipidation and cholate-treatment did not modify the structure of the enzyme complex whereas the SDS-treatment changed the native conformation into a structure based on 42.8% α-helix, 8.4% β structure and 48.8% random coil. These data are interpreted in terms of both the enzyme activity and the quaternary structure of the complex.     

Stoichiometry and Preferential Interaction: Two Components of the Principle for Protein Structure Organization

Abstract

The effect of pressure on the conformational structure of amyloid β (1–40) peptide (Aβ(1–40)), exacerbated with or without temperature, was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. The result indicates the shift of the maximum peak of amide I band of intact solid Aβ(1–40) from 1655 cm^?1 (α-helix) to 1647–1643 cm^?1 (random coil) with the increase of the mechanical pressure. A new peak at 1634 cm^?1 assigned to β-antipar- allel sheet structure was also evident. Furthermore, the peak at 1540 cm^?1 also shifted to 1527 (1529) cm^?1 in amide II band. The former was assigned to the combination of α-helix and random coil structures, and the latter was due to β-sheet structure. Changes in the composition of each component in the deconvoluted and curve-fitted amide I band of the compressed Aβ(1–40) samples were obtained from 33% to 22% for α-helix/random coil structures and from 47% to 57% for β-sheet structure with the increase of pressure, respectively. This demonstrates that pressure might induce the conformational transition from α-helix to random coil and to β-sheet structure. The structural transformation of the compressed Aβ(1–40) samples was synergistically influenced by the combined effects of pressure and temperature. The thermal-induced formation of β-sheet structure was significantly dependent on the pressures applied. The smaller the pressure applied the faster the β-sheet structure transformed. The thermal-dependent transition temperatures of solid Aβ(1–40) prepared by different pressures were near 55–60 °C.     

亚洲玉米螟酚氧化酶原的原核表达和性质分析

【目的】昆虫体内酚氧化酶原（PPO）是一种重要的天然免疫蛋白,参与昆虫的体液免疫和细胞免疫过程。本研究采用原核表达体系,大量表达可溶且具有活性的重组PPO蛋白,可用于各种酚氧化酶（PO）抑制剂的筛选,从而为创制抑制昆虫免疫系统的新型杀虫剂提供条件。【方法】利用从亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis 5龄幼虫体内克隆获得PPO基因,构建了pET-28b-PPO原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中重组表达了亚洲玉米螟PPO蛋白;采用Ni-NAT亲和层析柱快速纯化目的蛋白,进行了Western杂交鉴定;测定分析了重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后的酶学性质以及不同金属离子（Mg²⁺,Cu²⁺和Fe²⁺）对PPO二级结构的影响。【结果】融合蛋白PPO得到了表达和纯化。重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后最适反应温度为30℃,最适pH为7.2,以L-DOPA为底物时PO催化反应的V_max为140.8 U/mg·min,Km为2.96 mmol/L。Fe²⁺存在的情况下重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著增加至53.7%±4.6%,α-螺旋结构成分则显著下降至2.6%±1.2%（P<0.05）;有Mg2+存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降,α-螺旋结构成分稍有上升。有Cu²⁺存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降为10.0%±1.6%,而α-螺旋结构成分则上升至35.3%±6.9%。【结论】结果说明不同金属离子对重组PPO蛋白的二级结构有显著影响。     

Protein kinase catalytic subunit (PKAcat) from bovine lens: purification, characterization and phosphorylation of lens crystallins

The purification and functional characterization of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAcat) from bovine lens cytosol has been described. Purification to homogeneity has been achieved by using 100 kDa cut-off membrane filtration followed by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography and finally fractionating on High Q anion exchange column. The purified protein migrates as a single band of molecular mass ∼41 kDa on 12.5% SDS-PAGE. Proteomic data from ion trap LC-MS when analyzed through NCBI blast program reveals significant homology (52%) with bovine zeta-crystallin and also some homology with pig casein kinase I alpha chain (38%) and SLA-DR1 beta 1 domain (38%). The search does not indicate homology with any known catalytic subunit of PKA. Inspite of the significant homology with the zeta-crystallin, our protein is different from it in terms of molecular mass. pI value of the kinase (5.3) obtained from 2D analysis is also different from zeta-crystallin (8.5). The protein is found to contain 17% α-helix, 26.5% β-sheet, 21.4% turn and 34.7% random coil. The active catalytic subunit of the bovine lens cAMP-dependent kinase belongs to Type I Cα subtype. The enzyme shows maximum activity at 30 min incubation in presence of 5 mM MgCl₂ and 50 μM ATP. The kinase shows broad substrate specificity. It prefers Ser over Thr as phosphorylating residue. Phosphorylation of crystallin proteins, major protein fraction of bovine lens and phosphorylation of chaperone protein α crystallin by the kinase suggests that the kinase plays some crucial role in regulation of chaperone function within lens.     

Compliant film of regenerated Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin by chemical crosslinking

A compliant film was prepared by chemical crosslinking of fibroin from silk fiber of wild silkworm, Antheraea pernyi. The silk fiber was dissolved in concentrated aqueous lithium thiocyanate and desalinated by dialysis. The film was cast from the regenerated aqueous solution, and crosslinked by polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEG-DE). This film showed high water resistively while maintaining random coil and -helix structure, unlike films prepared by organic solvent treatment that causes β-sheet formation. The films containing about 20 wt.% crosslinker were remarkably compliant and tenacious. These features, combined with the living-cell affinity of the wild silkworm fibroin, are expected to be useful in biomedical applications.     

Accurate prediction of protein secondary structural content

An improved multiple linear regression (MLR) method is proposed to predict a protein's secondary structural content based on its primary sequence. The amino acid composition, the autocorrelation function, and the interaction function of side-chain mass derived from the primary sequence are taken into account. The average absolute errors of prediction over 704 unrelated proteins with the jackknife test are 0.088, 0.081, and 0.059 with standard deviations 0.073, 0.066, and 0.055 for -helix, -sheet, and coil, respectively. That the sum of predicted secondary structure content should be close to 1.0 was introduced as a criterion to evaluate whether the prediction is acceptable. While only the predictions with the sum of predicted secondary structure content between 0.99 and 1.01 are accepted (about 11% of all proteins), the absolute errors are 0.058 for -helix, 0.054 for -sheet, and 0.045 for coil.