64层MSCT血管成像对婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断的评价

目的:评价64层螺旋CT血管成像在婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断诊断中的应用价值及其准确性.方法:对临床和超声怀疑主动脉缩窄的21例患儿行胸片、心脏大血管彩超及CT主动脉成像,其中5例行DSA检查,16例进行了手术治疗.CT血管重建技术包括VR、MIP、MPR及CPR等,对主动脉缩窄程度、长度、侧枝血管显示情况进行评价,并比较原始数据、VR、MPR、MIP及CPR几种后处理方式对主动脉缩窄诊断的准确性和敏感性.结果:21例患者中,19例为主动脉缩窄,2例为主动脉离断.病变部位于左锁骨下动脉远端、动脉导管开口附近20例(95.2%),正对左锁骨下动脉1例(4.8%).病变部位位于动脉导管近段2例,动脉导管附着处3例,动脉导管远段16例.多层螺旋CTA对主动脉狭窄诊断的总体准确率和敏感性均为100%,对主动脉缩窄的显示以靶血管VR最好,其次是CPR和MPR;对侧枝血管的显示以整体VR和CPR最好,其次是MIP和MPR;而整体VR和原始轴位图像对主动脉缩窄显示较差.结论:64层MSCT血管成像各种后处理技术相结合能为主动脉缩窄及离断患者提供了更多有价值的诊断信息,有助于临床术前评估和制定恰当的治疗方案.     

正常成人脑主要供血动脉的MSCT血管成像研究

目的:观测正常脑动脉多层螺旋CT血管成像(multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)主要动脉的起始部内径、走行、形态及其分支的显示情况,为脑血管疾病的诊断提供参考资料.方法:选择40例健康体检者行全脑血管64层MSCTA检查,采用ADW4.2工作站测量各主要动脉起始部内径,观测其走行、形态和变异,并统计各级分支的显示率.结果:正常成人脑动脉常见的变异发生在组成脑底动脉环的大脑前动脉A1段、前后交通动脉及大脑后动脉起始段,以后交通动脉变异最大.颈内动脉末段、大脑前动脉A1段、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉、眼动脉、前交通动脉、后交通动脉及脉络膜前动脉在MSCTA上的显示率分别为100%、95%、100%、100%、100%、92.5%、58.8%和72.5%.主要脑动脉起始部内径分别是:颈内动脉末段4.013±0.770 mm、大脑前动脉A1段2.709±0.877 mm、大脑中动脉3.498±0.640 mm、大脑后动脉2.025±0.608 mm、眼动脉1.640±0.334 mm、后交通动脉1.491±0.697mm及脉络膜前动脉1.460±0.483mm.结论:正常成人脑血管变异主要发生于脑底动脉环,脑血管直径与其供血范围及分布区血流动力学因素相关.     

对比剂注射方式对下肢动脉血管成像质量的影响

目的:探讨对比剂不同注射方式对下肢动脉血管成像(CTA)质量的影响。方法:选择2013年6月到2015年10月在我院怀疑下肢动脉栓塞或狭窄而行CTA检查的患者80例,按随机数字表法分为A、B两组,各40例。A组患者先以5 mL/s的速率注射100 mL优维显,后以5 mL/s的速率注射50 mL生理盐水。B组患者先以5 mL/s的速率注射50 mL优维显,后以2.5 mL/s的速率注射50 mL优维显,最后以5 mL/s的速率注射50 mL生理盐水。比较两组患者的下肢动脉CTA图像质量。结果:B组患者不同横断面CT值相比于A组较平稳(P0.05)。B组患者小腿动脉和足部动脉的边缘分级、血管分支等级评价及显示的节段数均明显高于A组(P0.05)。结论:对比剂以不同速率相结合的注射方式能够使下肢动脉血管中对比剂浓度维持在平稳且较高的水平,可以提高下肢动脉CTA图像质量,值得在临床上推广应用。     

64排螺旋CT下肢血管成像技术与DSA评估动脉狭窄的效果对比研究

目的探讨64排螺旋CTA评估下肢动脉狭窄闭塞性疾病的效果。方法对43例下肢动脉闭塞性疾病患者行64排螺旋CTA扫描,18例一周后行双下肢DSA检查,将每侧下肢血管分成8段,动脉狭窄程度分为：正常、轻度狭窄、中度狭窄、重度狭窄、闭塞5个级别。并以DSA为标准来评估。结果对18例患者双侧下肢共288段血管进行研究,CTA与DSA对血管狭窄程度显示一致的有275段,被CTA高估有ll段血管,低估有2段血管。结论64排螺旋CTA是下肢动脉狭窄硬化性疾病可靠的评估方法。     

64层螺旋CTA容积重建结合轴位图像对明确颈部包块与血管关系的价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对明确颈部包块与周围血管关系的价值。方法:采用GE LightSpeed6 4层螺旋CT对25例颈部包块患者行颈部平扫及增强扫描,将获得的原始数据传入ADW4.3后处理工作站,血管重建技术选择容积重建(VR),诊断采用VR与轴位图像相结合的方式。结果:淋巴性病变10例,包括淋巴结结核2例、淋巴结转移4例、淋巴瘤4例,非淋巴性病变15例,包括淋巴管瘤1例、腮腺混合瘤2例、甲状腺癌4例、甲状腺腺瘤3例、孤立性纤维瘤1例、蔓状血管瘤2例、表皮样囊肿1例、咽旁脓肿1例。包块位于气管两侧6例,左侧15例,右侧4例;位于甲状腺内7例,腮腺内2例,颈动脉间隙11例,1例位于咽旁,其余4例位于颈部表浅组织内;颈部包块致毗邻血管移位、变形9例,其中动脉7例、静脉2例;颈部包块侵袭及包绕血管3例,包括动脉1例、静脉2例,其中1例静脉内血栓形成;颈部包块与血管关系密切2例;颈动脉发出分支供应颈部包块1例;其余10例与颈部血管无明显关系。结论:64层螺旋CTA容积重建结合轴位图像,可较准确地明确颈部包块与血管之间的关系。     

16层螺旋CT血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像(16SCTA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值.方法:对33例16SCTA诊断的颅内动脉瘤进行回顾性分析.其中4例经手术证实,13例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实.结果:16SCTA在33例患者中,共发现40个动脉瘤.其中3例为两个动脉瘤,2例为三个动脉瘤.40个动脉瘤中大脑中动脉瘤9个,大脑前动脉瘤8个,大脑后动脉瘤2个,后交通动脉瘤4个,颈内动脉瘤12个,基底动脉瘤3个,胼周动脉瘤1个,小脑上动脉瘤1个.16SCTA均清晰显示瘤体的大小、位置、形态及瘤颈宽度、瘤轴指向、载瘤动脉、动脉瘤与周围重要解剖结构的关系.有DSA资料对照的13例中,16SCTA发现16个动脉瘤中DSA只发现13个,另外DSA发现1个动脉瘤而16SCTA漏诊.16SCTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.9%、97.1%、81.3%、99%.结论:16SCTA在颅内动脉瘤临床诊断和术后随访中有较高的应用价值.     

MSCT评价兔VX_2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的研究

探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography,MSCT)灌注成像与肿瘤血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的相关性以评估兔VX2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的疗效。将69只乳腺VX2瘤兔于肿瘤生长2周后随机分为对照组(生理盐水)、恩度组(Endostar)、CEF组[环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide C)、表阿霉素(Epirubicin E)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil F)]、联合治疗组(Endostar和CEF)。治疗2周后对瘤兔进行MSCT灌注扫描,获得血流量(blood fl ow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)及表面通透性(permeability surface,PS)等灌注参数均值;随后取瘤组织进行免疫组化及Western blot检测VEGF蛋白表达情况。结果显示,对照组、CEF组、恩度组、联合治疗组BF、BV和PS均与VEGF表达结果呈正相关(R对照组=0.896、0.680、0.765,RCEF组=0.877、0.876、0.852,R恩度组=0.804、0.924、0.888,R联合治疗组=0.780、0.735、0.744;P0.05),MTT均与VEGF表达结果呈负相关(R对照组=–0.591,RCEF组=–0.678,R恩度组=–0.793,R联合治疗组=–0.687;P0.05)。MSCT灌注参数与VEGF蛋白表达具有相关性,MSCT灌注参数可以反映肿瘤治疗后免疫组化与分子水平VEGF表达的变化,MSCT可以在体无创评价兔VX2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的疗效。     

MSCT评价兔VX2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的研究

探讨多层螺旋CT（multi—slice spiral computed tomography,MSCT）灌注成像与肿瘤血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）表达的相关性以评估兔VX2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的疗效。将69R乳腺VX：瘤兔于肿瘤生长2周后随机分为对照组（生理盐水1、恩度组（Endostar）、cEF组[环磷酰胺（Cyclophosphamide C）、表阿霉素（EpirubicinE）和5-氟尿嘧啶（5．FluorouracilF）]、联合治疗CR（Endostar和CEF）。治疗2周后对瘤兔进行MSCT灌注扫描,获得血流量（bloodflow,BF）、血容量（bloodvolume,BV）、平均通过时间（meantransittime,MTT）及表面通透性（permeabilitysurface,PS）等灌注参数均值：随后取瘤组织进行免疫组化及Westernblot检测 VEGF蛋白表达情况。结果显示,对照组、CEF组、恩度组、联合治疗组BF、BV和Ps均与VEGF表达结果呈正相关（R对照组=0．896、0．680、0．765,RCEF组=0．877、0．876、0．852,R恩度组=0．804、0．924、0．888,R联合治疗组=0．780、0．735、0．744;P〈0．05）,MTT均与VEGF表达结果呈负相关（R对照组＝-0．591,RCEF组=0．678,R恩度组=0．793,R联合治疗组=-0．687;P〈0．05）。MSCT灌注参数与VEGF蛋白表达具有相关性,MSCT灌注参数可以反映肿瘤治疗后免疫组化与分子水平VEGF表达的变化,MSCT可以在体无创评价兔VX2乳腺种植瘤抗血管生成治疗的疗效。     

MSCTA对基底动脉变异的初步研究及其临床意义

目的:研究MSCT血管成像对基底动脉变异的诊断价值,并探讨其临床意义.方法:回顾性分析MSCT血管成像诊断基底动脉变异120例.所有患者均采用GELightSpeed64层螺旋CT对其头颈部动脉进行CT血管成像扫描,将获得的原始数据传入AW4.2P后处理工作站,血管重建技术包括容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)及曲面重建(CPR),影像分析采用智能血管分析与目测法相结合.结果:基底动脉走行弯曲50例(42%),包括左侧凸30例(25%)、右侧凸例15例(占12.5%)、S型凸5例(3.5%);基底动脉起止点变异47例(39.3%),其中起点变异35例(29.3%)、终点变异12例(10%);基底动脉形态变异14例(11.7%),其中开窗型lO例(8.3%)、管径粗大2例(占1.7%)、管径细小2例(1.7%);基底动脉主要分支变异9例(7.5%).结论:MSCT血管成像是一种无创性诊断基底动脉变异的有效方法,能够解释临床上部分不明原因的基底动脉供血不足,具有重要的临床意义.     

多层螺旋CT门静脉成像在评估肝硬化门脉侧枝血管中的价值

目的：评价多层螺旋CT门静脉成像显示门静脉高压的价值。材料与方法：30例门脉高压患者进行了螺旋CT门脉成像检查,其中10例患者又进行了门静脉造影检查(间接法)。30例患者中全部存在侧枝循环,多数病例有2个或2个以上部位侧枝循环。结果：多层螺旋CT门静脉成像不仅显示了肝内门静脉2-3级分支,还显示了整套门脉侧枝血管系统。在三维门脉像上,脾门静脉曲张29例(占96．7％),其中1例脾静脉因栓子部分闭塞而狭窄,另有1例则完全栓塞血管未显示。胃左静脉曲张28例(占93％),食管或食管旁静脉曲张27例(占90％),胃短静脉(胃后静脉)曲张19例(占63％),胃肾分流血管10例(占33％),腹膜后静脉曲张9例(占30％),脐周静脉曲张伴腹壁静脉曲张6例(占20％)。10例患者CT三维门脉像与间接门静脉造影作比较,前者对门静脉及其侧枝循环的显示好于后者。结论：多层螺旋CT门脉成像是门静脉无创性检查的可靠方法,有较高的临床运用价值。     

64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的初步应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：18例急诊胸部创伤患者均行胸部64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。采用最大密度投影（MIP）、曲面重建（CPR）和容积再现技术（VR）对胸部大血管进行重建、分析。将CT诊断结果与手术、随访复查结果进行比较。结果：18例中,CT平扫显示胸部主要损伤有：肺挫伤10例（55.56%）,血胸及肋骨骨折各9例（50%）,气胸8例（44.44%）,锁骨骨折6例（33.33%）。CT增强扫描诊断心脏大血管损伤7例,其中锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤3例,胸主动脉假性动脉瘤2例,胸主动脉夹层和心包破裂各1例。CT增强扫描结果与手术、临床随访结果相吻合。结论：64层螺旋CT增强扫描是全面而准确地诊断急诊胸部创伤的重要影像技术,可以对CT平扫不能确定的心脏、大血管的损伤情况作出明确判断,对临床救治方案的早期确定具有重要的指导意义。     

64层螺旋CT对胸部创伤的诊断价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT相对于CR片在胸部创伤诊断中的价值。方法:我院2006年1月～2008年3月收治81例胸部创伤,全部患者在伤后10min至5h进行了64层螺旋CT检查,其中58例在初次检查后12～38h内进行了CR或床旁CR检查,CT扫描采用GE LightSpeed 64层螺旋CT机,层厚0.625 mm,螺距为0.984:1。结果:81例中诊断肋骨骨折72例,肺挫裂伤65例,气胸36例,血胸53例,血气胸31例,锁骨骨折12例,肩胛骨骨折13例,皮下及纵隔积气18例,右横膈破裂2例。在同时进行过CR检查的患者中,非错位性及撕脱性肋骨、肋软骨骨折在CR上常显示不佳,而在64层螺旋CT多平面或三维重建图像上显示非常清晰。结论:64层螺旋CT多平面及三维重建对胸部创伤各种病变的检测明显优于x线平片,对临床急救计划的制定有重要的指导意义。     

Visualization of anomalous origin and course of coronary arteries in 748 consecutive symptomatic patients by 64-slice computed tomography angiography

Background

While the order for a clinical transthoracic examination is fairly standardized, there is considerable variability between laboratories and even among physicians in the same laboratory with regard to the order for transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE). A systematic approach is desirable for more efficient use of physician and patient time, avoidance of inadvertent omission of important views, and to facilitate study review.

Methods

We propose a standardized approach to TEE data acquisition in which cardiac structures are systematically identified and characterized at sequential positions and imaging planes to facilitate organized, efficient and comprehensive assessment.

Results

Our approach to TEE study begins in the mid-esophagus with the imaging plane at 0°. Based on the specific indication for the TEE, a cardiac structure (e.g., mitral valve, left atrial appendage, or interatrial septum) is chosen as the primary focal point for a comprehensive, multiplane analysis. This structure is assessed in 20° – 30° increments as the imaging plane is advanced from 0° to 165°. Using the aortic valve as a reference point, pertinent cardiac structures are then assessed as the imaging plane is reduced to 135°, to 90°, to 40 – 60° and then back to 0°. The probe is then advanced into the stomach to obtain transgastric images at 0°, 90°, and 120°. Finally, the thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery are assessed as the probe is withdrawn from the body. Using this method, an organized and comprehensive TEE can be performed in 10 – 15 minutes.

Conclusion

A standardized and systematic TEE approach is described for efficient and comprehensive TEE study.     

Soft-tissue expansion in the lower extremities

Soft-tissue expansion enjoys ever-wider use, but to date an experience using this technique in the lower extremity has never been presented. We reviewed our first 16 patients to describe the indications and contraindications for the use of tissue expansion in the lower extremity. Guidelines evolved from study of the data. Soft-tissue expansion merits consideration for coverage of problem wounds, in preparation for removal of large benign lesions, and for the repair of contour defects. The operator should know that an open wound below the knee predicts a complication if soft-tissue expansion is attempted in that location. In the thigh, incisions can be confidently placed at the edge of the defect. In every location, large expanders should be chosen so that they are as long as or longer than the adjacent defect. The increase in circumference of the limb should be followed. Simple designs for advancement flaps usually work well. As our experience has grown, reconstruction using soft-tissue expansion in the lower extremity has become safer and the results more predictable through better patient selection and diligent monitoring of intraluminal pressures, even if only by ensuring that the patient is always comfortable. Soft-tissue expansion has a role in reconstruction of the lower extremity.     

The loss of dexterity in the bilateral lower extremities in patients with stroke

The aim of this study was to examine the dexterity of both lower extremities in patients with stroke. Twenty patients with stroke and 20 age-matched control subjects participated in this study. To determine the dexterity of the lower extremities, we examined the ability to control muscle force during submaximal contractions in the knee extensor muscles using a force tracking task. The root mean square errors were calculated from the difference between the target and response force. The root mean square error was significantly greater in the affected limb of patients with stroke compared with those of the unaffected limb and the control subjects, and in the unaffected limb compared with that of the control subjects. Furthermore, the root mean square error of the affected limb was related significantly to motor function as determined by Fugl-Myer assessment. These results demonstrate impairment of the dexterity of both the affected and the unaffected lower extremities in patients with stroke.