Alona hercegovinae n. sp. (Cladocera: Chydoridae), a blind cave-inhabiting Cladoceran from Hercegovina (Yugoslavia)

Two interesting chydorid Cladocera were found in caves of Hercegovina and are described here. The pantropical Alona diaphana King, 1853 was already known in this part of Europe, but was found in a cave environment for the first time. Alona hercegovinae n. sp. is an eyeless and stygobiontic species, and was found in three caves.     

Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Finland

Subfossil remains of an unknown chydorid taxon were found in sediments of three lake basins in Finland. Two of the sites lie in southern Finland and one in NW Finnish Lapland. Similar remains are also known from four lakes in eastern Finland. The headshields are small, with a broadly rounded posterior margin and an attenuated rostrum. The headshields resemble those of Rhynchotalona falcataSars, but have a unique pore arrangement. There is one oval median pore near the posterior margin and two lateral pores which are displaced quite far in position. The shell is very small and has faint, longitudinal striae. Also, unknown postabdomens were found. These resemble postabdomen of R. falcatain shape but had 5–6 pairs of teeth instead of the 2 seen in R. falcata. The age of the remains varies between ca. 8500 ¹⁴C yr BP and recent decades. The species appears to have been present in the entire country during most of the Holocene. On the basis of the pore arrangement, the new species cannot be put into any previously known genus. A tentative name Unapertura latensn. sp. is suggested until intact specimens are found and described.     

Pleuroxus denticulatus (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) a new invader in the Danube Basin

Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge, 1879 is a new invader from Western to Central Europe. Its occurrence in a Danube inundation (Slovak region) probably corresponds with the junction of the Danube and Rhine Rivers. The species was found among ‘the hard macrophytes’ of flowing arms and artificial ponds. A large variability was recorded in the number of valval denticles and in postabdominal denticulation. It is evident that part of the N. American populations is different from European populations. P. denticulatus seems to represent two sibling species. Both are characterised by an angular distal postabdominal corner, bearing 3–4 denticles, and by valval denticles on the postero-ventral corner. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dumontia oregonensis n. fam., n. gen., n. sp., a cladoceran representing a new family of `Water-fleas' (Crustacea,Anomopoda) from U.S.A., with notes on the classification of the Order Anomopoda

Dumontia oregonensis, a cladoceran representing a new family in the Order Anomopoda is described from rain pools in the Agate Desert, Oregon, U.S.A. The proposed family, Dumontiidae, is the newest family within Anomopoda that is not just a reshuffling of already-known species. The general appearance of this novel cladoceran is similar to that of members of the family Macrothricidae. However, a detailed examination of the trunk limbs, particularly of the second pair of limbs, showed that the new species lacks the scraper-setae typically observed in all members of the recently erected suborder Radopoda, to which macrothricids belong. Instead, limb morphology suggests a closer relation of Dumontiidae to the family Daphniidae. Dumontiidae appears to be a `missing' link between the suborder Radopoda and the `non-radopodid' anomopods. The families Daphniidae, Ilyocryptidae, Bosminidae, Moinidae and the new Dumontiidae are similar in that they lack of typical radopodid setae on the second pair of trunk limbs. Further studies on the limb morphology of non-radopodid cladocerans are required to solve the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the order Anomopoda.     

Sauertylenchus labiodiscus n. gen., n. sp., from Australia (Nematoda:Tylenchorhynchinae)

Sauertylenchus labiodiscus n. gem, n. sp. is described and illustrated from soil around Rhagodia sp. in Australia. It can be distinguished from the most closely related genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 by the distinctly set-off, rounded, lip region with a conspicuous labial disc, and long thin stylet. The face view and spicules of Sauertylenchus labiodiscus are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. The subfamilies Tylenchorhynchinae and Merlininae ale discussed.     

A new species of Ilyocryptus (Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from Argentina

I. elegans n.sp. from the Parana River, northeastern Argentina is proposed and its morphological features are compared with those of the apparently related I. agilis. Its outstanding characteristics are the long 2rd to 5th setae of ventral margin of the valves, the rudimentary nature of defensive setae, the low number of spines in the preanal lobe of postabdomen and the unequality of the length of the setae in the outer distal lobe of first trunk limbs.Finding of this new species suggests that I. agilis would be a complex of species and its records should be revised.     

On the resurrection of the cladoceran species Chydorus reticulatus Daday, 1898 (Chydoridae,Cladocera) and its relationship to Chydorus ventricosus Daday, 1898

The chydorid species Chydorus reticulatus Daday, 1898 and Chydorus ventricosus Daday, 1898 are redescribed and literature records reevaluated on the basis of new material from India.Contribution 9 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington. This study was supported in part by NSF Grant DEB76-20237 to D. G. Frey.     

Subgeneric differentiation within Kurzia (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) and a new species from Central America

The genus Kurzia is divided into two subgenera: Kurzia s. str. and Rostrokurzia n. subg. Subgenus Kurzia includes Kurzia (K.) latissima Kurz, 1874, with a palearctic -, Kurzia (K.) polyspina n. sp. with a neotropic - , and Kurzia (K.) cf. media (Birge, 1879) with a nearctic distribution. Rostrokurzia includes Kurzia (R.) longirostris Daday, 1898 (pantropical distribution), and Kurzia (R.) brevilabris Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1986, from subtropical and tropical Asia. Kurzia latissima Kurz, 1874, from Central Europe is redescribed in detail.     

Rhizonema sequoiae n.gen. n.sp. from Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.

Rhizonema sequoiae n.gen, u. sp. is described from the roots of Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl., growing near Lake Lagunitas, Marin County, California. Rhizonema females are annulated over their entire bodies, are wholly embedded in host tissue, and secrete an abundant amount of gel material. Mature females do not form a cyst. The vulva is located on a large posterior terminal cone, and the anus is on the dorsal vulval lip. Esophageal glands of the second-stage larvae fill more than half of the body cavity. Tails of the vermiform males are blunt, and a cloacal tubus is present.     

Sumatrella chelonica gen. n., sp. n., a new remarkable genus and species from Indonesia,Sumatra (Acari,Uropodina, Oplitidae)

A new genus Sumatrella gen. n. is described and illustrated based on the new species Sumatrella chelonica sp. n. collected in Sumatra, Indonesia. The new genus belongs to the family Oplitidae based on its hypertrichous internal malae and the absence of strongly sclerotized structures on the dorsal shield. The new genus is closely related to the genus Chelonuropoda Sellnick, 1954 but the transverse furrow on ventral idiosoma close to coxae IV and the strongly sclerotized C-shaped dorsal line are missing in the new genus. These characters can be found in species of Chelonuropoda.     

A new genus, a new species, and a new record of the family Darcythompsoniidae Lang, 1936 (Gopepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of California, Mexico

A new genus and new species of the family Darcythompsoniidae Lang (1936), and a new record of Darcythompsonia fairliensis (T. Scott, 1899), from a coastal lagoon in the south-eastern Gulf of California (Mexico), are reported and fully described and illustrated. Pabellonia olganoguerae gen. no v., sp.nov. shares features with Darcythompsonia T. Scott, 1906, such as the presence of a dimorphic second endopodal segment of the male second swimming leg, and with Kristensenia Por, 1983, the lack of sexual dimorphism in the caudal rami, anal operculum and urosomites. Thus it is considered closely related to these genera, and to represent a third component of mis lineage. Some notes on the biogeography of Darcythompsonia T. Scott, 1906, are also presented.     

Monopylocystis visvesvarai n. gen., n. sp. and Sawyeria marylandensis n. gen., n. sp.: two new amitochondrial heterolobosean amoebae from anoxic environments

Two new species of heterolobosean amoebae from anoxic environments, Monopylocystis visvesvarai and Sawyeria marylandensis, are described on the basis of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and their phylogenetic affiliation based on analyses of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Both species lack mitochondria but have organelles provisionally interpreted as hydrogenosomes, and neither can tolerate aerobic conditions. As their conditions of culture do not exclude all oxygen, they may be microaerophiles rather than strict anaerobes. Both species have unusual nucleolar morphologies. Monopylocystis visvesvarai, from a marine sediment, has nucleolar material distributed around the nuclear periphery. It is the first non-aerobic heterolobosean protist for which a cyst is known; the cyst is unmineralized and unornamented except for a single, raised, plugged pore. Sawyeria marylandensis, from an iron-rich freshwater stream, has nucleolar material distributed in one or two parietal masses, which persist during mitosis. In phylogenetic analyses of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences, Monopylocystis visvesvarai, Sawyeria marylandensis and Psalteriomonas lanterna converge to form a single clade of non-aerobic (anaerobic/microaerophilic) heteroloboseans.     

Karualona n.gen. (Anomopoda: Chydoridae), with a description of two new species,and a key to all known species

The species group of Alona karua is raised to generic rank and named Karualona. The genus is defined on the basis of a number of characters of the body and its appendages. Tentative new microcharacters are introduced, related to the type and length of selected setae of P1, P2, P3 and P4. Two new species are described, one from the island of Socotra and one from Mexico. A key to the five currently recognized species is given.     

Description of Distorhabditis poonchiana n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir,India

Distorhabditis poonchiana n. gen., n. sp. from humus in Jammu and Kashmir, India, is described and illustrated. The new genus is characterized by a small body; slightly setoff labial region; long tubular gymnostom; prominently cuticularized cheilostom; absence of glottoid apparatus; monoprodelphic reproductive system; vulva (V) = 81 to 84; spicules with trifurcated distal ends, simple gubernaculum, peloderan bursa with eight pairs of bursal papillae arranged in 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 arrangement.     

Keratella mexicana sp. nov., a new planktonic rotifer from Aguascalientes,Mexico

A new species of Keratella is described from a small reservoir in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The species appears related to K. slacki Brziss, 1963 and K. lenzi Hauer, 1953.     

Palerasnitsynus gen. n. (Trichoptera, Psychomyiidae) from Burmese amber

Palerasnitsynus ohlhoffigen. et sp. n. is described fromBurmese amber of late Albian (Lower Cretaceous) age. This is the first record of the family Psychomyiidae from Burmese amber, and the earliest fossil record of the family. The genus Palerasnitsynusgen. n. differs from all other known psychomyiid genera by the absence of fork III in the forewings.     

Moina mukhamedievi n. sp. (Crustacea,Cladocera) from ricefields of Uzbekistan (central Asia)

A new species of Cladocera, Moina mukhamedievi from ricefields of Uzbekistan, is described. It is compared with the related species M. dubia, M. brachiata, M. oryzae. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Typhlonesticus gocmeni sp. n., a new cave-dwelling blind spider species from the Aegean region of Turkey (Araneae,Nesticidae)

A new species of the troglobitic spider genus Typhlonesticus is described from specimens found in Keloğlan Cave (Denizli Province, Dodurgalar Town), Turkey. Typhlonesticus gocmeni sp. n. is described on the basis of both sexes; and its phylogenetic relationships with closely related European genera and species are discussed based on morphological and molecular data (the cox1, rrnL and H3 genes). Three new combinations are proposed: Typhlonesticus idriacus (Roewer, 1931), comb. n., Typhlonesticus morisii (Brignoli, 1975) comb. n. and Typhlonesticus obcaecatus (Simon, 1907), comb. n. all ex Nesticus.     

The Esophageal Glands of Pratylenchus Filipjev and Apratylenchoides belli n. gen. n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea)

The esophageal glands in the genus Pratylenchus occur in a large, single ventral lobe except for four populations in which a few specimens had the glands located dorsally. Apratylenchoides belli n. gen. n. sp. in the subfamily Radopholinae is proposed for a species having two esophageal glands in a large dorsal lobe and one gland in a smaller, shorter ventral lobe.     

A new species of Macrothrix (Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from Central Mexico

Macrothrix mexicanus sp. nov. is described from central México, a transition zone between the nearctic and neotropics. All localities where it was found are over 1800 meters above sea level. It shows many resemblances with M. laticornis, M. camjatae and M. rosea but is characterized by a persistent dorsal tooth on the valve keel, a spinous papilla on the basipodite of the antenna, the second thoracic limb with a long conical sensillum between scraper 1 and the gnathobase, the endopod of trunk limb IV having two setae; the postabdomen with the dorsal margin bilobed, and the distal segment of the seta natatoria which is unusually long.Abbreviations used on figures EN Endopodite - EP Epipodite - EX Exopodite - IDL Inner distal lobe - ODL Outer distal lobe - GT Gnatobase - E1 Endite 1 - E2 Endite 2 - E3 Endite 3