紫花地丁的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称紫花地丁(Viola philippica) 2材料类别叶片叶柄3培养条件分化与增殖培养基:①MS 6-BA0．5 mg／L;②MS 6一BA1 mg／L;③MS 6-BA1．5 mg／L;④MS 6-BA 2．0 mg／L;⑤MS 6-BA3．0 mg／L[注:MS(大量元素)、BA (6-苄基腺嘌呤,6-benzylaminopurine)NAA(萘乙酸,     

普利安娜百合的组织培养和快速繁殖(简报)

以普利安娜百合鳞片为外植体,在MS NAA0．01mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L培养基上诱导产生不定芽效果较好;增殖的最佳培养基是MS NAA0．1mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L;在1／2MS(大量元素减半,其它成分不变) IBA1．5mg／L 活性炭1g/L培养基上可正常发根。     

高效诱导甜菜再生植株的研究

研究了栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)4倍体品系405叶柄外植体的离体培养。成功地建立了一套高频率诱导再生芽的程序。外植体取自生长在改良MS(MSB)附加BA和NAA或者单加BA的培养基中。经过30d以上预培养后的幼苗叶柄,在MS附加BA 1．0mg／L或NAA0．3mg／L,Bal．0mg／L培养基上直接诱导再生芽,并发育成苗．诱导频率最高可达51．3％。在1／2MS(MS培养基大量元素减半)附加NAA0．5～1．0mg／L的培养基上诱导生根．这一程序为甜菜扩大繁殖和遗传转化提供了一个良好的试验系统。     

激素种类及其浓度对矮牵牛试管苗增殖及生根率的影响

以MS培养基为基本培养基,以矮牵牛试管苗为材料,并用不同浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA、KT、Ad分别与生长素NAA（0．10mg／L）进行配比试验,并用一定浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA、KT、Ad两两分别组合配比试验,探讨了不同浓度的细胞分裂素对矮牵牛试管苗的影响,以及两类生长素IBA和NAA对生根的影响。结果表明,适合于矮牵牛试管苗增殖的培养基有：（1）MS＋1．60mg／L 6-BA＋0．10mg／LNAA;（2）MS＋0．80mg／L 6-BA＋1．60mg／LKT＋0．10mg／L NAA;（3）MS＋0．80mg／L 6-BA＋0．20mg／LAd＋0．10mg／LNAA;（4）MS＋1．60mg／L KT＋0．20mg／L Ad＋0．10mg／L NAA。适合于矮牵牛试管苗生根的培养基有（1）1／2MS;（2）1／ZMS＋0．20mg／L1BA;（3）1／2MS＋0．20mg／LNAA。     

毛玉露的组织培养与快速繁殖

以毛玉露花茎子房为材料进行组织培养研究。结果表明：毛玉露启动与分化最适培养基为MS＋6-BA1mg／L＋KT1mg／L：继代与增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋KT0．5mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L,增殖倍率为10-20倍;复壮培养基为MS＋DPU（3,3’-二苯基脲）1mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L,生根培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L,生根5条,生根率为100％。     

液体悬浮培养促进铁皮石斛原球茎高效诱导、增殖的研究

用正交设计方法对铁皮石斛原球茎具有高效增殖影响的激素（BA,NAA,KT,马铃薯汁）以及配比进行研究,结果表明：以茎段为外植体在培养基Ms＋BA2．0mg／L＋NAA2．0mg／L＋马铃薯汁10％＋糖3％,具有很好的原球茎诱导作用,50d后诱导率达95．20％;原球茎在1／2MS＋BA2．0mg／L＋NAA1．0mg／L＋KT0．5mg／L＋糖3％的培养基上,以液体悬浮培养,原球茎增殖达49．032g／50d。     

文心兰试管苗丛生芽高效增殖体系的建立

分别采用细胞分裂素6-BA和Ad对文心兰试管苗增殖的作用进行研究,结果表明：在与0．2mg／L的NAA配合使用时,6-BA含量在2．0～4．0mg／L水平下的培养基较适合试管苗的增殖,最大增殖系数可达7．27,苗生长健壮,叶色鲜绿,适合进一步生根移栽;Ad在1．0～6．0mg／L的范围内增殖系数较小,苗生长缓慢、矮小。但有形成丛生苗的倾向;以2．0mg／L的6～BA和1．0mg／L的Ad组合使用,易形成丛生芽苗且苗体相对较小,增殖系数也较高;接种单株小苗较大苗易形成丛生芽苗;接种连体小芽苗,全部能形成丛生芽苗,增殖系数可达10．07,适合于进一步增殖使用。6-BA与Ad配合使用结合接种连体小芽苗可建立高效的丛生芽苗增殖体系,培养基最佳激素组合为MS 6-BA2．0mg／L Ad1．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L 3％蔗糖 0．4％琼脂粉。     

地黄组织培养及植株再生的研究

以地黄根茎所获无菌苗为材料,对其愈伤组织诱导、分化和再生植株的获取进行了初步研究。结果表明：取叶片、茎段、叶柄进行愈伤组织诱导,筛选出最适培养基为MS附加2,4-D0．5mg／L、BA1．0mg／L,愈伤组织诱导率可达100％。将叶片接种在分化培养基中,诱导不定芽,其最适分化培养基为MS附加BA 3mg／L、NAA 0．1mg／L,分化率为77．5％。试管苗在改良的MS(大量与微量元素、铁盐和有机物质各1／2)附加NAA 0．05mg／L的培养基上,经过15～20d培养,生根率可达100％。     

南欧丹参的组织培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以南欧丹参种子萌发的无菌苗茎段为材料,在MS＋6IBA1．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L＋GA30．05mg/L培养基上进行不定芽诱导与增殖培养,30d继代一次,繁殖系数为4～6;壮苗与生根培养基为1／2MS＋NAA1．0mg/L＋1BA0．2mg／L。本试验建立了南欧丹参的种苗快速繁殖技术规程。     

刺萼参的组织培养

以刺萼参茎节段为基础材料进行组培试验,结果表明：以MS 6-BA0．2～1．0mg／L NAA0.05mg／L为芽增殖培养基、MS 6-BA0．2～1．0mg／L NAA0．05mg／L 多效唑3～5mg／L为壮苗培养基、1／2MS IBA0．5mg／L为生根培养基,可以得到大量的刺萼参试管苗。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism