武夷山脉石杉科植物石杉碱甲含量的研究

石杉植物因所含Hup A为高效、可逆、高选择性的中枢性乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂而受关注。实地采集标本并用改进的HPLC法测定了武夷山脉4种石杉科植物及不同居群间的石杉碱甲(Hup A)含量。结果显示石杉碱甲在长柄石杉、四川石杉、有柄马尾杉和华南马尾杉中均有分布,其中以有柄马尾杉中含量最高,达0.1510%;含量最低的是四川石杉,为0.016%。该地区优势种长柄石杉（千层塔）11个居群的石杉碱甲含量测定显示武平县梁野山和三元区中村乡两个居群含量较高,分别为0.0636%和0.0519%。对石松科部分种进行石杉碱甲测定,认为藤石松等不含石杉碱甲。结果表明武夷山脉地区拥有优良的石杉碱甲植物资源。     

湘西蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量的测定

采用超声萃取法提取湘西蛇足石杉总生物碱,用高效液相色谱法同时测定其石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量,并分析其在植株不同部位的分布。结果表明:湘西4个样地蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量基本一致,分别达到0.5‰、0.3‰和0.04‰;但植株不同部位三种石杉碱含量差异显著,其中石杉碱甲和乙的分布均为叶>茎>根,石杉碱丙则是根大于叶和茎。由此可知,湘西蛇足石杉具有资源优势,石杉碱在植株的分布具有明显的部位选择性;采用HPLC可同时检测石杉碱甲、乙和丙,方法简单快速、准确可靠。     

HPLC法检测蛇足石杉内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrate)内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲(Huperzina A)和石杉碱乙(Huperzine B)含量的方法,并以此方法检测胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量的积累。内生真菌发酵液经氯仿萃取、甲醇溶解、过滤后进行高效液相检测分析,选用Agilent Eclipse plus-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.015 mol/L乙酸铵(p H 6.8)和甲醇溶液(70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长为308 nm,连续检测内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中第6–15天石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量积累。结果表明,发酵提取液中的石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙可在25 min内进行很好的分离和分析,石杉碱甲在1.50-48.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 5),石杉碱乙在0.25-7.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 7),石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的平均加标回收率分别为106.83%、108.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.34%、3.60%。该方法简便、快速、精密度高、结果准确,适用于内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量检测。在发酵过程中,内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量呈现先增后减,随后有所增加继而又减少的趋势。石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量分别在内生真菌发酵第14天、第8天达到最高,分别为12.417 0μg/mL、4.660 3μg/mL。该方法学的建立为内生真菌胶胞炭疽合成石杉碱甲与石杉碱乙的机制研究提供了检测手段,从而有利于药物新资源的开发。     

氨基酸对蛇足石杉叶状体增殖及石杉碱甲积累的影响

通过在培养基中添加不同浓度的天冬氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸, 探究其对蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)叶状体生长、石杉碱甲积累及SOD酶活性的影响。结果表明: 添加天冬氨酸后, 叶状体干重生物量比对照提高18.50%-25.75%, 石杉碱甲含量亦明显高于对照, 其最适天冬氨酸浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1; 添加1 mmol·L^-1色氨酸后, 叶状体相对增殖率显著高于对照, 但其石杉碱甲积累量略低于对照; 添加赖氨酸后, 叶状体相对增殖量、干重生物量及石杉碱甲含量均低于对照。添加一定浓度的天冬氨酸使SOD酶活性适当提高, 同时叶状体石杉碱甲积累量增加, 而长期保持高水平的SOD酶活性对叶状体积累石杉碱甲不利。     

蛇足石杉中产石杉碱甲内生真菌的分离和鉴定

【目的】从野生蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)中分离筛选产石杉碱甲的内生真菌。【方法】采用薄层层析及高效液相色谱法对内生真菌代谢产物进行测定和分析以期分离获得产石杉碱甲菌株,运用形态及ITS序列分析方法对产石杉碱甲菌株进行鉴定,并利用连续传代方法考察菌株遗传稳定性。【结果】经筛选获得一株产石杉碱甲内生真菌NSH-5,经形态学鉴定及ITS序列分析鉴定为轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides),其石杉碱甲产量为11.76 mg/100 m L,菌株经20次连续传代后遗传稳定。【结论】NSH-5菌株为一株具有产石杉碱甲能力的轮枝镰孢菌,该菌株的发现为生物合成石杉碱甲提供了新的菌种资源。     

光照对蛇足石杉某些生理生化指标的影响

蛇足石杉[Huperzia serrata (Thunb.ex Murray) Trev.]是石杉科(Huperziaceae)石杉属(Huperzia Bernh.)植物,其含有的药用成分石杉碱甲是一种高效胆碱酯酶抑制剂,可用于治疗老年人记忆减退、早老性痴呆症及重症肌无力症等[1],目前,已有学者将石杉碱甲开发成治疗早老性痴呆症的一类新药.     

石杉科植物石杉总碱含量的测定及基于紫外光谱的除趋势对应分析

对来自浙江、福建境内石杉科植物蛇足石杉（Huperzia serrata）、柳叶马尾杉（Phlegmariurus cryptomerianus）10个不同地理居群的石杉总碱含量进行了测定．并基于紫外光谱,对它们的表型分化进行了除趋势对应分析。结果表明：①石杉科这两种植物叶片的石杉总碱含量普遍高于茎中的含量;②来自浙江磐安的蛇足石杉居群的叶、茎石杉总碱含量都明显高于其它居群。可以选择该居群作为栽培蛇足石杉的种源;③DCA排序发现,产自磐安的蛇足石杉样品,特别是叶的提取液,其紫外光谱明显不同于其它样品．表明紫外光谱法能够用于鉴别石杉总碱含量较高的蛇足石杉药材。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌SNZ-12的分离及鉴定北大核心CSCD

为了获取具有应用价值的产石杉碱甲内生菌,本文从蛇足石杉分离得到60株内生真菌,采用高效液相色谱法和质谱法分别检测各个真菌的提取物,发现内生真菌SNZ-12的提取物具有与石杉碱甲标品相近的色谱特征峰和保留时间(8. 994 min)以及相同的质谱特征峰((M+H)+=243. 1),说明内生真菌SNZ-12可以产石杉碱甲,其石杉碱甲产量约为1. 01 mg/L;并通过结合内生真菌SNZ-12的形态特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。本文结果为利用微生物发酵生产石杉碱甲研究提供了潜在的菌种资源。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌SNZ-12的分离及鉴定

为了获取具有应用价值的产石杉碱甲内生菌,本文从蛇足石杉分离得到60株内生真菌,采用高效液相色谱法和质谱法分别检测各个真菌的提取物,发现内生真菌SNZ-12的提取物具有与石杉碱甲标品相近的色谱特征峰和保留时间(8. 994 min)以及相同的质谱特征峰((M+H)+=243. 1),说明内生真菌SNZ-12可以产石杉碱甲,其石杉碱甲产量约为1. 01 mg/L;并通过结合内生真菌SNZ-12的形态特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。本文结果为利用微生物发酵生产石杉碱甲研究提供了潜在的菌种资源。     

药用植物蛇足石杉研究新进展

蛇足石杉[Huperzia serrata（Thunb．）Trey．]是石杉科石杉属多年生小型草本植物,土生、附生或生于苔藓层中,喜阴凉潮湿环境。蛇足石杉含石杉碱甲,为目前治疗老年痴呆等疾病的特效药。对蛇足石杉的分类学、生物学特性（形态学、生态学、生理学与共生真菌研究）、繁殖与栽培、药用成分及含量测定等方面的研究新进展进行综述。并对其应用与保护前景进行展望。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.