乳杆菌生态消毒剂对阴道毛滴虫的抑制作用研究

目的:在实验室对以乳杆菌发酵液为主要成分的乳杆菌生态消毒剂进行杀灭阴道毛滴虫效果观察.方法:采用定量抑菌试验方法进行.结果:以该剂原液、5倍稀释液和10倍稀释液对阴道毛滴虫作用4 h以上,对滴虫的抑制率都超过90%以上.结论:伊清爽乳杆菌阴道生态消毒剂具有抑制阴道毛滴虫的作用,是新一代保健型阴道卫生用品.     

洁净区消毒剂杀菌性能验证

目的验证5种消毒剂的杀菌性能及消毒效果,为环境微生物控制的策略及实施提供依据。方法采用中和剂鉴定试验测定相应中和剂的中和效果,然后通过悬液定量杀灭试验测定消毒剂的杀菌效果和作用时间;最后通过载体定量杀灭试验测定消毒剂在最短有效作用时间下对不同载体表面微生物的杀灭效果。结果试验选取的中和剂对测试的消毒剂有良好的中和作用,中和剂及中和产物对测试微生物的生长无显著影响,可用于悬液定量杀灭试验及载体定量杀灭试验。悬液定量杀灭试验中,5种消毒剂对测试微生物均具有较高的杀灭作用,对细菌的杀灭对数值在4.26～6.44之间,对真菌的杀灭对数值在3.51～5.35之间,芽孢杆菌的杀灭对数值为4.21。载体定量杀灭试验中,消毒剂对细菌的杀灭对数值在4.25～5.65之间,对真菌的杀灭对数值在3.31～4.72之间,芽孢杆菌的杀灭对数值为3.61。结论 5种消毒剂对测试微生物的杀灭效果均符合标准规定,可用于洁净区的表面消毒灭菌。     

安可信银离子免洗手消毒液的效果及安全性

目的评价一种以乙醇和银离子为主要成分的免洗手消毒液(安可信)的效果及其安全性。方法采用悬液定量杀菌试验、消毒剂对手消毒现场试验、急性经口毒性试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验等方法,研究该免洗手消毒液杀菌效果以及安全性。结果银离子浓度为41.6 mg/kg、乙醇含量为54.4%(w/w)的该免洗手消毒液作用1 min,对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌平均杀灭对数值>3.00;对白假丝酵母菌的平均杀灭对数值>4.00。该免洗手消毒液原液经37 ℃恒温培养箱保存3个月后,样品乙醇含量下降率为0.37%,银离子含量无下降。该免洗手消毒液对小鼠急性经口毒性LD₅₀>5 000 mg/kg,对新西兰家兔皮肤无刺激性,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性。结论安可信银离子免洗手消毒液对细菌和真菌具有较好消毒作用;对人体无皮肤刺激;各项指标均符合国家要求。     

对阴道炎主要致病菌有抑菌活性乳杆菌的筛选及特性

目的从实验室保藏的乳杆菌中筛选出对阴道炎主要致病菌有抑菌活性的乳杆菌,研究其生物学特性从而作为防治阴道炎的潜在益生菌株。方法采用琼脂扩散法检测乳杆菌对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和阴道加德纳菌的抑菌效果。采用共培养法探究乳杆菌在不同时间对白假丝酵母生长的抑制效果。检测乳杆菌产过氧化氢和产酸能力、对低pH环境的耐受性以及对家兔阴道黏膜的刺激性。结果植物乳杆菌LP45和鼠李糖乳杆菌LR519对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和阴道加德纳菌的抑菌效果最佳。经24 h共培养后,LP45和LR519对白假丝酵母的抑制率分别为95.27%和98.85%。LP45和LR519产过氧化氢量分别为11.28μg/mL和15.15μg/mL,能耐受pH 4.5酸环境。LP45和LR519复合菌在37℃培养48 h可持续产乳酸,且对家兔阴道黏膜无刺激性。结论植物乳杆菌LP45和鼠李糖乳杆菌LR519具有优良的生物学特性,可作为阴道微生态制剂的候选菌株来预防和缓解由菌群紊乱而引起的阴道炎症。     

乳杆菌生态制剂对家兔阴道上皮的刺激性实验

乳杆菌生态制剂对家兔阴道上皮的刺激性实验大连医科大学微生态学研究所大连１１６０２７文姝袁杰利孙永海李兵唐立蒋寒青乳杆菌生态制剂是我所研制的用于治疗细菌性阴道炎的阴道制剂。本文对乳杆菌生态制剂进行了阴道刺激性试验观察,现将试验结果报告如下：１材料与方法...     

微生态疗法治疗阴道炎的初步实验研究

本研究进行了由健康女性阴道分离的一株乳杆菌对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、福氏志贺氏菌、淋病球菌、白色念球菌等６种病原菌的试管内生物拮抗、杀菌时间、滴度等测定,显示出乳杆菌对病原菌的生长有明显的拮抗作用,ｐ＜０．０５,＜０．０１,对病原菌杀灭作用强,３小时即可杀死病原菌,稀释１０００倍仍有杀菌作用。经动物试验,使用安全无不良反应,而且可以保护粘膜上皮细胞,不受淋球菌及白色念球菌的侵袭。用于临床治疗阴道炎患者３６例,显效快,效果明显。     

二氧化氯溶液消毒剂对呼吸道病毒的杀灭效果评估

目的:评估"菌bye-bye"消毒剂对甲型H1N1流感病毒PR8(PR8)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、3型腺病毒(ADV3)、人感染H7N9禽流感病毒(H7N9)的体外杀灭效果。方法:参考《消毒技术规范》和受试产品说明书进行细胞毒性试验、消毒剂中和试验和对PR8、RSV、ADV3、H7N9病毒的体外杀灭实验。结果:(1)候选中和剂选定0.02mol/L硫代硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_4);(2)候选中和剂、"菌-bye-bye"消毒剂及两者混合物对细胞毒性低;(3)候选中和剂能完全中和消毒剂消毒效果;(4)随着"菌bye-bye"消毒剂的浓度增大,病毒杀灭效果亦越好。在其不稀释的条件下,除了PR8毒株外,其他3种病毒的平均灭活率均在99.99%以上,且平均病毒TCID50负对数值(log_(10)TCID_(50)/m L)均降低4 log_(10)或以上;对半稀释后对RSV的杀灭效果最好,而对ADV3的杀灭效果最差。结论:高浓度"菌bye-bye"消毒剂对呼吸道病毒的杀灭效果较好,且对细胞的毒性较小,是一种安全、高效的消毒剂,值得临床推广。     

妇肤康喷雾剂对阴道常见微生物增殖影响的体外研究

目的体外了解妇肤康喷雾剂溶液对阴道常见的益生乳杆菌和致病菌的影响,为阴道感染疾病提供药物应用的理论依据,指导临床用药。方法对从中国健康妇女阴道分离的乳杆菌、ATCC阴道来源的加德纳菌和白色念珠菌进行体外培养,以中药制剂妇肤康喷雾剂作为培养基,通过绘制生长曲线,评价妇肤康溶液对阴道常见微生物的影响。结果妇肤康实验组中,乳杆菌和白色念珠菌生长曲线随着时间延长轻微下降。加德纳菌在15h后可完全杀灭。结论体外培养时,妇肤康溶液轻微抑制乳杆菌生长,其能够抑制白色念珠菌生长,可以杀灭加德纳菌。     

副溶血弧菌高效消毒剂的筛选及PHMG防治对虾AHPNS的应用研究

为寻找凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死综合症(AHPNS)重要致病菌——副溶血弧菌的高效低毒消毒剂, 选取了包括苯扎溴铵、聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐(PHMG)等22种水产或医学上常用的消毒剂, 比较分析其对副溶血弧菌的杀灭效果。悬液定量杀菌试验发现, 22种消毒剂中PHMG对副溶血弧菌的杀灭效果最好。接着, 进一步分析PHMG的有效杀菌浓度, 结果显示, PHMG浓度达到0.2 mg/L时作用48h即能100%地杀死副溶血弧菌。对7种常见病原菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的杀灭试验显示, PHMG对弧菌的杀灭效果最好, 0.5 mg/L PHMG能100%地杀灭四种弧菌, 对迟钝爱德华菌、嗜水气单胞菌和海豚链球菌的杀灭效果较差, 对凝结芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果最差。急性毒性试验得出PHMG 24h的LC₅₀=80.28 mg/L; 48h的LC₅₀=23.32 mg/L, 安全浓度SC=0.59 mg/L。对攻毒副溶血弧菌凡纳滨对虾的保护试验显示, PHMG浓度达到0.5 mg/L时, 24h对对虾的相对保护率达(77.78±5.01)%左右, 且与三个高浓度组相对保护率差异不显著。随着PHMG浓度的升高, 凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺所含副溶血弧菌数量明显减少, 48h后1.1及1.4 mg/L组副溶血弧菌数量降为0。降解试验结果显示: 0.5 mg/L的PHMG在第5、第6天浓度有所下降, 1 mg/L的PHMG在试验7d中基本保持稳定。研究证明了PHMG具有高效、低毒、低降解的特性, 是防治凡纳滨对虾AHPNS的理想消毒剂。     

阴道乳杆菌诱导细菌性阴道病患者β-防御素2表达及其抗菌活性的研究

目的 观察阴道乳杆菌诱导阴道黏膜细胞表达β防御素-2 (hBD-2) 的情况,检测其表达,观察hBD-2的体外抗菌活性.方法 分为3组,即健康对照组(n=10)、BV组(n=10)和阴道乳杆菌干预组(n=8).采用RT-PCR半定量法,检测阴道组织hBD-2 mRNA的水平.用琼脂糖弥散法检测其抗菌活性.结果 与健康对照组相比,BV组、阴道乳杆菌干预组hBD-2 mRNA的水平明显升高(P<0.05);阴道乳杆菌干预组hBD-2 mRNA的水平较BV组增高(P<0.05);琼脂糖弥散法显示,hBD-2对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌有明显的杀灭效应.结论 阴道乳杆菌干预对BV患者治疗可以使hBD-2 mRNA表达水平上调,提示其在维系正常妇女生殖道内环境稳定、宿主天然抗感染机制中起着重要的作用.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细